Challenges and Opportunities for Innovation in the Public Works ...

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compatible with small vehicles or with the transportation infrastructure. Construction material interests compete for market share and there needs to be an equable process of comparing material choices and pavement types. Standard materials and pavement types would be better applied and innovative materials and processes could be better evaluated. There are a number of opportunities to enhance the effectiveness of resources that are expended on the transportation infrastructure. Professional engineering experience and knowledge could be expanded by certification in specialties. Certification would create a demand for continuing education to prepare engineers for certification and to maintain that certification. Another enhancement would be a means of evaluating new technology that would reduce the time for approval and adoption by industry. Accelerated pavement testing that is being pursued by several agencies is an example of how materials, pavement features and loading can be evaluated. Figure 2 shows a schematic of an accelerated pavement testing system being put into service by the Indiana Department of Transportation and Purdue University in West Lafayette, In. Traditionally design and construction research in civil engineering has been done in the public sector. The transportation infrastructure would benefit from industry taking a more active role in funding research in-house, at universities or in research centers. The National Asphalt Pavement Association and National Stone Association have recently established research centers in their respective areas of interest. Agency Transportation agencies establish the scope, design criteria, material specifications, construction methods and quality control/acceptance method for transportation infrastructure projects. In some agencies this system is historical and well entrenched and provides barriers to innovation. A new perspective of this system would create opportunities to apply innovation to the transportation infrastructure. The concept of a warranty for construction is used in Europe but not in the US. Additional benefit might be gained by combining warranties with the concept of design/build. This combination would encourage innovation from the design/build team. There is also the potential for private industry to own and maintain transportation infrastructure facilities. Agencies can benefit from innovation and are faced with implementing a number of new technologies. Productivity incentives have been evaluated in Oregon for Department of Transportation maintenance workers. Productivity is measured by amount and quality. Agencies are on the threshold of an information explosion. This is coming about because of development of hardware, software and the means of collecting data. Research can be a source of innovation for agencies. The Strategic Highway Research Program is producing a number of innovative products and agencies are developing plans for their evaluation. However, there are constraints on research that inhibit innovation. The constraints come from the fact that major research funding organizations solicit research based on defining the tasks, products, schedule and funds. The National Cooperative Highway Research Program is an example of this approach to funding research. 27
Universities Universities face challenges in hiring faculty, incorporating infrastructure technology in course work, and teaching and research resources. Infrastructure technology is evolving rapidly. There is a shortfall of knowledgeable, experienced faculty and a number of universities are having difficulty filling vacant positions. Another trend that may impact the nations infrastructure is that a number of major universities have deemphasized Civil Engineering which is the major discipline for infrastructure engineering staff. The shortfall of financial support to maintain and equip laboratories for teaching and research is growing. Many university laboratories are not equipped to demonstrate current test procedures. As innovative materials and tests are adopted this limited capability will not be adequate. As an example, the Strategic Highway Research Program is proposing asphalt and asphalt mixture tests that will require equipment that has been estimated will cost $320,000. If these tests are adopted only three or four universities in the country are likely to be able to purchase the equipment. Research will be further inhibited. Summary Transportation and its infrastructure represents a significant portion of the nations economy. Continued health of the transportation infrastructure will benefit from long range planning to include a time horizon of 100 years or more and integration of transportation modes. Innovation is needed and is possible both from industry as well as transportation agencies. Universities need support if key infrastructure technology is to be effectively taught and meaningful research conducted. References American Society of Civil Engineers Policies and Priorities, Washington, D.C., January 1992. Germane, G.E., Transportation Policy Issues for the 1980's, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1983. Small, K.A., Winston, C. and Evans, C.A., Roadwork. A New Highway Pricing and Investment Policy, The Bookings Institution, Washington, D.C., 1989. 28
Page 1 and 2: .. . AD-A281 083 ' US-m op fEomsA -
Page 3 and 4: CEWRC-IWR DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY CO
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............
Page 7 and 8: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR IN
Page 9 and 10: WORKSHOP PRESENTATIONS
Page 11 and 12: growing threat from major fires, an
Page 13 and 14: - provide the highest technological
Page 15 and 16: SEARCHING FOR THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF
Page 17 and 18: Because of the large investment emb
Page 19 and 20: Finally, the substantial public wor
Page 21 and 22: COST-EFFECTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE PERFO
Page 23 and 24: 0 Infrastructure innovation will su
Page 25 and 26: REFERENCES Balzhiser, R. E. 1989. M
Page 27 and 28: highways based on this total govern
Page 29: important aspect of a nations infra
Page 33 and 34: Table 3. Federal, State & Local - f
Page 35 and 36: C 0 > Ep - LII> 6- 322 El
Page 37 and 38: INTRODUCTIO Stone & Webster Enginee
Page 39 and 40: correct. Conduit is not usually mod
Page 41 and 42: the duct section. The design of the
Page 43 and 44: mechanical and structural design. T
Page 45 and 46: its| ISOC [ FAN OUTLET TO STACK BRE
Page 47 and 48: Figure 4. Construction Sequence Mod
Page 49 and 50: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu Ma
Page 51 and 52: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu 2.
Page 55 and 56: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu "*
Page 57 and 58: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu Ex
Page 59 and 60: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-V Lu Di
Page 63 and 64: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu de
Page 67 and 68: Arthur BasiWn and Stephen C-Y Lu To
Page 69 and 70: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu Th
Page 71 and 72: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu co
Page 73 and 74: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu b-
Page 77 and 78: Arthur Baskin and Stephen C-Y Lu (1
Page 79 and 80: Arthur B"sWin and Stephen C-Y Lu (3
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But SHRP's success further undersco
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For all this new Research Activity,
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Technological Advances and Public W
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limits of existing technologies and
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through the formulation of visions
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proposed that it develop a soil com
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of each side, the time for completi
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compensation structure that not onl
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PSOCIETAL NEEDI ICONCEPT DEVELOPM:E
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JAPAN U.S.A. * REASONS FOR RESEARCH
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U.S. PRESSS PROGRAM Executive IwU.
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1. Information is lacking or scarce
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exist, offer explanations of these
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WORKSHOP CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITI
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Table 1, Ranking of Agencies or Gro
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From the overall study, three gener
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3. INTRODUCTION The Nation's infras
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A group of recognized experts on is
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abound to the point where I have op
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Is the bottom line that the first b
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SUPPLY DEMAND Provider of Public Wo
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The GFRC has assisted other federal
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Financial Sources - - The Intergove
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constraint upon state and local gov
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To understand the implications of t
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Intergovernmental Sources of Fundin
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Tremendous differences exist among
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funds, these have the effect of low
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population growth over the last thr
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Table I Sources of Funds for State
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0000 ' O C 00 - ' Ir . c - q - . '0
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equirements of construction; those
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in the birth of engineering as the
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allocate known risks among themselv
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outine infrastructure project fully
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Innovation and Technology Transfer
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Technology Transfer Plan for Each P
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The ATLSS Integrated Buildings Syst
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Technology Transfer (T) as a Work-P
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In the end, one may find that there
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different evolutionary stages. Each
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References. 1. Bonnett, R. K., 1989
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The typical approach for the captur
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of loss does exist. Conversely, in
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B. LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF NEGLIGE
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(or a commercialization entity unde
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to properly manage and structure it
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While express disclaimers of warran
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Each question bears on the degree t
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ights to the discovery, indemnify t
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2. Licensing of Discoveries Through
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To a substantial degree, the partic
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Institutional risk control: High. I
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Implementation Innovation Through T
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evealing. When categorized into eig
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egin development in Fall of '92. Th
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Mission Implemrentation of Innovati
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Sampling of Products Active Task Fo
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Typical Company Product Catalog c P
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Cil Education Program Pilot Short C
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10 May 1992 Technology Transfer and
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The risk in trying something new ma
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existence of the technology, its ap
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development effort. Developing inno
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among potential users, 2) provide i
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Jeffrey J. Walaszek USACERL, Public
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"O&M Chiefs" fto,, Page i meeting o
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Technical Reports - Videos, cont'd
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Fort Harrison Expects Quick Payback
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Test Water Quality at Minimal Cost
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Noise Monitor Helps Installations R
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Trenchless Pipe Replacement PIM: Th
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PRR-4 Geotextile Applications PRR-1
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After addressing these initial matt
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Concluding thoughts The chairman as
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The APWA has been very successful i
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challenge these constraints for jus
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Group C: Enhancing Technology Trans
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A national catalyst must not be a b
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WORKSHOP AGENDA Tuesday March 3. 19
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Summary of Session C & Group Discus
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infrastructure. He also asserts tha
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alternatives available for funding
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES APPENDIX C Ar
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Publications include: "The Manageme
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concrete beams. From the American C
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William D. Michalerya William Micha
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Mr. Schilling graduated in 1963 as
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Dr. Walton has been involved in res
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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1p Pubkc
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