A House with Two Rooms - The Advocates for Human Rights

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132 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 875. 133 See How to Fight, supra note 2, at 9. 134 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 230. 135 How to Fight, supra note 2, at 28. 136 Id. These initiations provided the children with a sense of prestige, while enhancing loyalty to their fighting groups rather than to their society and community. Id. at 30. 137 Id. at 28. See also TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 97. 138 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 889. 139 Id. 140 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 875. 141 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 1562. 142 Easy Prey, supra note 7, at 36. 143 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 836. 144 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 1462. 145 Easy Prey, supra note 7, at 27. 146 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 1462. 147 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 97. 148 How to Fight, supra note 2, at 28; Easy Prey, supra note 7, at 38. 149 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 1462. 150 Id. 151 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 875. 152 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 176. 153 How to Fight, supra note 2, at 28-29. 154 Id. 155 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 97. 156 Id. 157 How to Fight, supra note 2, at 25-26. Examples of monikers described to researchers included: “Laughing and Killing” because the boy soldier would laugh when he killed enemy fighters; “Disgruntled” because the child soldier was not satisfied with the fighting; “Captain No Mercy” because the officer would kill if someone disobeyed orders; and “Walking Stick” because a child was made to walk directly behind his commander. See Chapter 6 for more information on tactics and fighting factions. 158 Id. at 26-28. 159 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 64. 160 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 889. 222 161 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 403. 162 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 402. 163 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 1462. 164 Id. 165 Id. 166 See Chapter 10 for more information on the role of women in the civil wars in Liberia. 167 Promises of Peace, supra note 7, at 5. 168 How to Fight, supra note 2, at 29. 169 Int’l Labour Org., Red Shoes: Experiences of Girlcombatants in Liberia 27-43 (2005), www.ilo.org/ public/english/employment/crisis/download/ redshoes.pdf. 170 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 261. 171 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 1551. 172 Id. 173 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 1375. 174 Promises of Peace, supra note 7, at 9. 175 Id. See also How to Fight, supra note 2, at 29. 176 TRC Diaspora Statement Recs. 402 and 836. 177 TRC Diaspora Project meeting with Veteran Child Soldiers Association, Sept. 30, 2007, Buduburam, Ghana. 178 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 888. 179 Id. 180 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 1562. 181 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 97. 182 Id. 183 Id. 184 Id. 185 Id. 186 Id. 187 Id. 188 Id. 189 Id. 190 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 788. 191 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 40. 192 E.g., TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 13; Easy Prey, supra note 7, at 32-33. 193 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 15. 194 Easy Prey, supra note 7, at 33. 195 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 230.
196 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 1462. 197 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 70. 198 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 115. 199 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 399. 223 Chapter Nine
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A House with Two Rooms Final Report
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This report is dedicated to the peo
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The Advocates for Human Rights The
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Table of contents Acknowledgments x
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The Return 374 Chapter Fourteen. Re
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Lindquist & Vennum LLP Maslon Edelm
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Finally, The Advocates thanks our i
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Table of Acronyms ACANA African Cul
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3 Chapter One. Executive Summary Al
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also spoken. Liberia was partly sha
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The concentration of state power am
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factions as they emerged to contest
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thirteen years old. They dragged he
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or guiding children and others who
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are extremely high, but the realiti
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Addressing the legacy of conflict t
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Notes 1 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec.
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Priority Recommendations at a Glanc
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(UNHCR) should ensure that any repa
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individuals personally responsible
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eflect its history and people. Such
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31 Chapter Two
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hiStory and goalS Chapter Three. Di
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Commissioner Massa Washington, who
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39 Chapter Three Many national trut
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41 Chapter Three The TRC Diaspora P
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The majority of TRC statements from
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45 Chapter Three The report authors
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taking and is available for viewing
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geography and peopleS 1 Liberia is
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key featureS of liBerian culture Li
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Liberian settler politics from 1883
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President Tolbert. 76 Tolbert was a
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peace, security, unity and reconcil
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practices as superior to practices
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would have to make concessions to i
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statement giver reported how his ne
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targeted. For example, people with
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chickens, food, animals, and things
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televangelist Pat Robertson’s Fre
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33 The palava hut is a traditional
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Special Court for Sierra Leone, htt
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Press Secretary to Samuel K. Doe, i
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see also Herman J. Cohen, Assistant
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81 Chapter Five Human Rights Abuses
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military to shoot the mostly indige
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Human rights violations reported du
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around, all derisively gazing at th
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soldiers reportedly engaged in loot
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eleased. 63 Checkpoints and Curfews
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In 1984, this statement giver himse
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dorms and raped for several days be
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Ethnic Targeting Doe’s revenge ag
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and stripping billboards of Doe. 14
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government were another step on Lib
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34 The statement giver’s father d
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108 Adewale Maja-Pearce, The Press
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108
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110
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all groups committed human rights v
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faction for companionship and prote
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Statement givers noted the rewards
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We were on the road and some rebels
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Combatants used other methods to co
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BBC was careful not to broadcast di
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42 See TRC Diaspora Statement Recs.
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126
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128
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methods condoned, encouraged, or ev
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“Starvation of civilians as a met
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where there was “a wall running w
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were Kru, Sarpo, Lorma, or Bassa du
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plastic and my sister’s fingers w
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If you are a man and wear a red T-s
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Those responsible for the detention
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We didn’t want to leave Monrovia.
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The terroristic impact of the killi
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his bare hand and because of that,
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okered peace accords, 195 disarmame
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the woman was from. She replied tha
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Doe’s body for political reasons.
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Another statement giver stated that
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iSe of other factionS The years bet
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Statements and secondary sources re
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One day some men from the LPC came
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epresentatives selected by the vari
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families, 409 killing, 410 and seek
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Statements revealed that ECO-MOG pl
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Notes 1 stePHen ellis, tHe mAsk of
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Page 190 and 191: Every Car Or Moving Object Gone: Th
Page 192 and 193: 276 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 156
Page 194 and 195: Report.aspx?ReportId=57838 (last vi
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Page 200 and 201: Liberian treasury and had plenty of
Page 202 and 203: group supported by Guinea and forme
Page 204 and 205: homes and in public. A statement gi
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Page 208 and 209: an informant, but was never brought
Page 210 and 211: Acts, such as murder, extermination
Page 212 and 213: publisher. After that, the reporter
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Page 220 and 221: Estimates of the number of child so
Page 222 and 223: ex-combatants interviewed by Human
Page 224 and 225: of the conflict, but in 1996, lost
Page 226 and 227: Use of Child Soldiers National Patr
Page 228 and 229: that they were never paid and relie
Page 230 and 231: He thought the commanders provided
Page 232 and 233: Some former child soldiers acknowle
Page 234 and 235: Another statement giver credited a
Page 236 and 237: 21 Promises of Peace, supra note 7
Page 240 and 241: 224
Page 242 and 243: 226
Page 244 and 245: The statute creating the TRC also r
Page 246 and 247: Legal Systems The division of Liber
Page 248 and 249: of regulated labor. According to th
Page 250 and 251: the young woman that “trading sex
Page 252 and 253: context, but rather is a violation
Page 254 and 255: In addition to inflicting torture o
Page 256 and 257: One statement giver described an at
Page 258 and 259: A public hearing witness also testi
Page 260 and 261: The rebel who raped me was named An
Page 262 and 263: I was befriended by an elderly woma
Page 264 and 265: through the destruction of familial
Page 266 and 267: community displacement, as well as
Page 268 and 269: eceive adequate treatment following
Page 270 and 271: Notes 1 U.N. Div. for the Advanceme
Page 272 and 273: University (Sept. 23, 2008) (noting
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Page 276 and 277: 204 Id. 205 See U.N. Country Team,
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Page 282 and 283: egime, Libyans had also established
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Page 286 and 287: Endemic corruption during the civil
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A final complicating factor in the
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Liberia was the largest producer of
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at 4 (Nov. 2003), http://www.issafr
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certificates of origin from Liberia
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119 Liberia - UNOMIL Background, Au
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282
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284
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national seal with the motto “The
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government, the U.S. Navy sent two
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Nevertheless, diplomatic officials
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and shootings that resulted in deat
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intervene and that we didn’t do i
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$525,000 on June 21, 2000 and the s
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87 TRC Diaspora Statement Rec. 707.
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300
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302
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families fled to avoid attack when
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homes. One statement giver describe
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Everyone Scattered When the rebels
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abies and ran to the bush as fast a
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helped me and paid for everything.
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Liberians engaged in an array of ta
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compound was later forced to go to
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Physically crossing the border was
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One statement giver who escaped Lib
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Guinea, and Côte d’Ivoire, and r
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statement givers as the reason they
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were rounded up and held in “conc
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change left many who arrived in Bud
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This leads [him] and others to use
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[A], you’re still living. We will
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here with my children and step-chil
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families are now leaders in governm
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Refugees entering the United States
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Some asylum seekers have been unabl
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life after reSettlement The length
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plane tickets, which we would later
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“Even your younger brother will t
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in a university. We are looked at a
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given rise to problems within the h
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y learning the material. 413 Additi
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Liberians also reported concerns ab
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For example, foreign medical profes
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association websites in the United
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matter, for-profit businesses), cer
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yet typical, trauma by the time the
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actually moved out of state. I know
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inter-tribal mixing occurs than eve
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A researcher interviewing Liberians
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Several statement givers and interv
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Alliance of Liberia (PAL), and the
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After the establishment of peace in
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Notes 1 See Steven Vertovec, The Po
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ehind the back, tied at the elbow s
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Refugee Registration, UNHCR news st
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had arrived after 2003 were allowed
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266 Id. 267 Id. 268 Id. 269 TRC Dia
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Liberians “(1)who are ineligible
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Women’s Association (MAWA), Minne
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Kingdom (Sept. 29, 2008) (describin
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Anner, Sept. 4, 2008, http://www.ba
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552 See, e.g., Assoc. Press, Liberi
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614 See Nina Glick Schiller, Long-D
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398
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400
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liBeria’S international legal oBl
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• Protocol on the Statute of the
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include suggestions for making the
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• Given the extent of the Liberia
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While such programs are important f
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• The Government of Liberia shoul
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on the Rights and Welfare of the Ch
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young persons, without discriminati
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education, such as adult literacy c
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person’s choice, the government s
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are accessible to vulnerable popula
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Potential Implementation Strategy:
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the victims concerned where the con
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identified by the Liberia Refugee R
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Personal Integrity & Dignity: The R
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Personal Integrity & Dignity: Prohi
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treatment appropriate to their stat
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Security Sector Potential Implement
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Security Sector: Combating Extra-Le
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investigation will be initiated. In
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• Continuous training in the prov
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• Ensuring that the government do
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o incorporates capacity building of
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ut also retain the benefits to the
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emoved. Civil Claims • The Govern
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Section vi. economic, Social, and c
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or injury. 308 • The Government o
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field of education and, in particul
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Healthcare the personal and cultura
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society to mental health issues and
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situations of armed conflicts or of
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encourage research on the causes, n
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ecognition. 393 • The Government
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men; • The Government of Liberia
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of national institutions for protec
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Page 498 and 499:
Recommendations to the Internationa
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financing of reasonable buffer stoc
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Section ix. recommendationS related
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the United States Government take t
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Asylee-Refugee Parity Liberian refu
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• The United States Government sh
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to ensure that Liberians are able t
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concluSion The Liberia TRC Diaspora
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Notes 1 An Act to Establish the Tru
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66 Convention on the Rights of the
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156 Id. Principle 15.2. 157 Convent
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231 by the Minnesota Lawyers Intern
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Principle 24(b). 287 Id. Principle
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nl/~mtrapman/xgasten/nizw/WHODeclar
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Commissions 31-32 (2006); U.N. Prin
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512
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514
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Bachelor of Arts in political scien
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518
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520
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II. Sources of International Law Ar
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Bill of Rights.” 27 In turn, this
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• to the highest attainable stand
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iv. Specific Application of Interna
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iii. The Convention against Torture
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D. Regional Human Rights Instrument
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(i.e., complaints) may also be sent
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due to the national emergency. In s
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Conventions I-IV that apply only in
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treaties include the Convention on
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• International Convention on the
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U.N.T.S. 171 [hereinafter ICCPR]; I
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114 Id. art. 25, 26. 115 Human Righ
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201 The date following the treaty o
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550
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552
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The Organization of African Unity (
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d. Asylum from Persecution The poli
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origin, fortune, birth or other sta
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Notes 1 u.s. Committee for refugees
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48 Id. art. 26. 49 1951 UN Refugee
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564
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566
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Standing Mediation Committee to bri
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May 2001 - U.N. Security Council re
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572
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574
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1. Background to the TRC 2. Designa
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Advisory Committee resources, Minne
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as stated herein, consistent with t
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C. Recommendations, if appropriate,
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584
Page 602 and 603:
586
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588
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590
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that rich information about the dia
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governmental organizations, law fir
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596
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598
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Table 3. Participation of Statement
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602
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604
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Photo Legend Chapter One Page 1: TR
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Page 266: Ghana’s Atlantic coast.
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610
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A House with Two Rooms - The Advocates for Human Rights

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