A House with Two Rooms - The Advocates for Human Rights

156 Id. Principle 15.2.
157 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees art. 33,
entered into force April 22, 1954,189 U.N.T.S. 150,.
158 unHCr rePAtriAtion HAndbook, supra note 23, ch.
2.2.
159 Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of
Refugee Problems in Africa arts. 2 & 5, entered into force
June 20, 1974, 1001 U.N.T.S. 45.
160 U.N. High Comm’r for Refugees, Position on
International Protection Needs of Asylum-Seekers
from Liberia, Mar. 31, 2006, http://www.unhcr.org/
refworld/docid/44365eb4c.html.
161 See Refugee Law of 1992 § 11(2)(a) (Ghana),
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/
rwmain?docid=3ae6b4e51c.
162 U.N. High Comm’r for Refugees, Exec. Comm.,
Conclusion No. 69 (XLIII), 5 (1992).
163 Refugee Law of 1992 § 5(e) (1992) (Ghana), http://
www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/
rwmain?docid=3ae6b4e51c.
164 Id. § 5(f).
165 Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of
Refugee Problems in Africa, supra note 159, art. 5(1).
Moreover the country of asylum should collaborate
with Liberia to make arrangements for the safe return
of refugees. Id. art. 5(2).
166 unHCr rePAtriAtion HAndbook, supra note 23, at
11.
167 See Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of
Refugee Problems in Africa, supra note 159, art. 5(3)-
(4); unHCr rePAtriAtion HAndbook, supra note 23,
ch. 2.6.
168 unHCr rePAtriAtion HAndbook, supra note 23, ch.
2.6.
169 U.N. High Comm’r for Refugees, Exec. Comm.,
Conclusion No. 18 (XXXI), 8 (1980).
170 U.N. Mission in Liberia, Human Rights & Protection
Section, Report on the Human Rights Situation in Liberia:
November 2007-June 2008 6-7 (Dec. 2008).
171 Id.
172 Principles on the Effective Prevention and
Investigation of Extra-Legal, Arbitrary and Summary
Executions art. 1, E.S.C. Res. 1989/65, Annex, U.N.
Doc. E/1989/89 (1989).
173 Id.
174 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel,
Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment,
art. 2(1), G.A. Res. 39/46, U.N. Doc. A/RES/39/46
(Dec. 10, 1984).
502
175 Guidelines and Measures for the Prohibition and
Prevention of Torture, Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading
Treatment or Punishment in Africa in PenAl reform
int’l, AfriCA’s reCommendAtions for PenAl reform
68 (2008) [hereinafter Robben Island Guidelines].
176 Id.
177 Id.
178 Id.
179 Id.
180 Id.
181 Id. at 69.
182 Id.
183 Id.
184 Id.
185 Id. at 68.
186 Id. at 72.
187 liber. Const. of 1984, ch. 3, art. 12.
188 See The 1930 Enquiry Commission to Liberia, 30 j. royAl
Afr. soC’y 277 (1931).
189 j. gus liebenow, liberiA: tHe evolution of
Privilege 16 (1969).
190 Debt bondage is defined as “the status or condition
arising from a pledge by a debtor of his personal
services or of those of a person under his control
as security for a debt, if the value of those services
as reasonably assessed is not applied towards the
liquidation of the debt or the length and nature
of those services are not respectively limited
and defined.” Supplementary Convention on the
Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions
and Practices Similar to Slavery art. 1(a), 226 U.N.T.S.
3 (1956).
191 Serfdom is defined as “the condition or status of a
tenant who is by law, custom or agreement bound to
live and labour on land belonging to another person
and to render some determinate service to such other
person, whether for reward or not, and is not free to
change his status.” Id. art. 1(b).
192 Id. art.1.
193 See also in this chapter Recommendations on
Implementation and International Support. See
generally Mike Kaye & Aidan McQuade, Anti-Slavery
Int’l, A discussion paper on Poverty, Development and
the Elimination of Slavery 12, Oct. 2007. See also West
Africa: Ecowas Seeks Adoption of E-Passport, All AfriCA
globAl mediA, May 10, 2009, http://allafrica.com/
stories/200905110513.html; Global Comm’n on Int’l
Migration, Migration in an Interconnected World: New
Directions for Action 71, Oct. 2005.