A House with Two Rooms - The Advocates for Human Rights

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by the Minnesota Lawyers International Human
Rights Committee, now The Advocates for Human
Rights. At The Advocates’ initiative, an international
group of experts in forensic science, lawyers, human
rights experts, and others volunteered their time
and expertise to assist in the preparation of the
draft Principles and to provide appropriate followup
for their implementation, the contents of which
constitute the major part of the manual. The manual
is available at http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/
instree/executioninvestigation-91.html.
Robben Island Guidelines, supra note 175, 17.
232 Id. at Part I(F) 18-19. See also U.N. Principles on
the Effective Investigation and Documentation of
Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading
Treatment or Punishment, G.A. Res. 55/89 (Dec.
4, 2000), http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/
233
investigation.htm.
Robben Island Guidelines, supra note 175, at 72.
234 See UNMIL, Corrections Advisory Unit, http://
unmil.org/1content.asp?ccat=corrections&zdoc=1
(last visited June 13, 2009).
235 Kampala Declaration on Prison Conditions in Africa
in PenAl reform int’l, AfriCA’s reCommendAtions
for PenAl reform 14 (2008).
236 Id. at 12-13.
237 Kadoma Declaration on Community Service Orders
in Africa 1, 4, supra note 216, at 20.
238 Robben Island Guidelines 20(a)-(d), supra note 175,
at 70.
239 Kampala Declaration on Prison Health in Africa in
PenAl reform int’l, AfriCA’s reCommendAtions for
PenAl reform 36-37 (2008).
240 U.N. Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration
of Juvenile Justice, supra note 217.
241 U.N. Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived
of Their Liberty, G.A. Res. 45/113, U.N. Doc. A/
RES/45/113, Dec. 14, 1990).
242 Johannesburg Principles on National Security,
Freedom of Expression, and Access to Information
(Nov. 1996), http://www.article19.org/pdfs/
standards/joburgprinciples.pdf; see also Int’l
243
Federation of Journalists, Final Declaration adopted by
the the [sic] National Conference on Media Law and Policy
Reform, Liberia, 23 October 2004, Oct. 25, 2004, http://
www.ifj.org/en/articles/liberia-national-conferenceon-media-law-and-policy.
See generally, U.N. Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization Seminar on Promoting an
504
Independent and Pluralistic African Press, Apr. 29
- May 3, l99l, Declaration of Windhoek on Promoting an
Independent and Pluralistic African Press, http://www.
unesco.org/webworld/peace_library/UNESCO/
HRIGHTS/327-331.HTM [hereinafter Windhoek
Declaration]; Int’l Federation of Journalists, supra note
242.
244 See Int’l Federation of Journalists, supra note 242.
245 Id.; see also Int’l Press Inst., IPI Calls for “Criminal
Malevolence” Charge Against Newspaper Staff in Liberia
to be Dropped by Courts, July 20, 2004, http://www.
freemedia.at/cms/ipi/statements_detail.html? ctxid=
CH0055&docid=CMS1144412833120&year=2004.
246 Johannesburg Principles on National Security,
Freedom of Expression, and Access to Information,
supra note 242; Int’l Federation of Journalists, supra
note 242.
247 Int’l Federation of Journalists, supra note 242.
248 African Charter on Broadcasting (2001), http://portal.
unesco.org/ci/en/files/5628/10343523830african_
charter.pdf/african%2Bcharter.pdf.
249 U.N. Economic, Social and Cultural Organization
& U.N. Development Programme, Liberia Media
Development Program: Governance and Rule
of Law 3, http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/
files/18569/11128865521liberia_media.pdf/liberia_
media.pdf (last visited May 28, 2009).
250 Id.
251 Windhoek Declaration, supra note 243.
252 Dorina Bekoe & Christina Parajon, U.S. Inst. of Peace,
Liberia’s Peacebuilding Effort: One Year after Transition
(2006), http://www.usip.org/pubs/usipeace_
briefings/2006/1213_liberia_peacebuilding.html.
253 Telephone Interview with James Qualah (Aug. 9,
2007) (on file with author).
254 U.N. Economic, Social and Cultural Organization/
U.N. Development Programme, supra note 249, at 4.
255 Id.
256 Windhoek Declaration, supra note 243.
257 Bekoe & Parajon, supra note 252.
258 An Act to Establish the Truth and Reconciliation
Commission of Liberia, art. VII, § 26(d) (enacted by
the National Transitional Legislative Assembly, May
12, 2005), https://www.trcofliberia.org/about/trcmandate.
259 See id. art. X § 44.
260 U.N. Updated Set of Principles for the Protection
and Promotion of Human Rights through Action
to Combat Impunity, Principle 19, U.N. Doc. E/