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potential causes of developmental growth, leakages and barriers as well as relevant development stakeholders will be better established. The chapter has also reviewed that politics has a tremendous effect on development. Other factors like culture, tradition, economic and psychological environments are also considered in this chapter. The economic and political relationships that underpin the dynamics between urban and rural areas are also explained. Finally, this chapter presents case studies of municipal successes and challenges both inside and outside South Africa. From these case studies, South African municipalities may draw more lessons about the benefits of involving all relevant stakeholders to tap into their core competencies, information and expertise, especially the sector departments, NGOs, the private sector, civic society and other community based organisations. This paves way for a holistic integrated and comprehensive approach to development of which the development of Ulundi is no exception. 89
4.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER FOUR METHODOLOGY This thesis is composed ofdata from both primary and secondary sources. Data were derived from interviews with political and community leaders such as the Zululand District Municipal mayor, the Ulundi Local Municipal mayor, councillors and traditional leaders. Data on the landscape and cultural attributes as various land use features from role players like managers of these resources, as well as stakeholders and residents in the Ulundi Local Municipality were obtained or collected. The leaders of the surrounding tribal communities were also interviewed to establish their understanding on the socio-economic viability of the landscape and cultural attributes. Questions were asked so as to ascertain an understanding of how the landscape and cultural attributes are harnessed to empower local people to uplift their socio economic status so as to alleviate poverty. The study is based on research carried out through primary data collection from the Development Planning Section of the Ulundi Local Municipality, Zululand District Municipality, Development Planning Unit ofthe Department of Local Government (KZN), as well as political and traditional leadership of the municipality. In addition, a randomly selected household sample was extracted from the study area. The details of the data collection procedures are described in greater detail later in this chapter. Information on the literature, background survey and development-related issues were obtained from secondary sources. The Integrated Development Plan [lOP] documents on the Ulundi Local Municipality, the Zululand District Municipality, and the National and Provincial Departments of Local Government guidelines were other significant secondary sources of data in this study. This section ofthe thesis concentrates on how data sampling and collection processes were undertaken, the sampling technique adopted, data base creation. data analysis and concludes with an overview ofconstraints identified in the research. 90
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A Situational and Land Use Analysis
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This achievement i
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DECLARATION I declare that this res
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strategic path for purposes of addi
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1.7 CONCLUSION CHAPTER TWO THEORETI
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4.2 RESEARCH DESIGN 91 4.2.1 Sampli
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CHAPTER SIX THE ANALYSIS AND INTERP
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FIGURE 1.1 1.2 3.1 3.2 4.1 5.1 5.2
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LIST OF TABLES TABLES DESCRIPTION P
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6.34 7.1 Efficiency and effectivene
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This study provides relevant and me
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The Ulundi Local Municipality seems
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Nearly half the area of the municip
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(a) To determine the various land u
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1.4.4 Land use analysis Land use an
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Hence, the 'sustainable development
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evaluative; and for others, scienti
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namely, the concentric, the sector,
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2.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER TWO LITERA
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Key global changes have obliged cit
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Regarding a second categorization,
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efers to the overall planning and m
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stressed that employment generation
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were described as community based e
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the investigation considers issues
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y economic processes. Lefebvre (197
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houses increases with distance from
Page 57 and 58: Zones and sectors tend to distort f
Page 59 and 60: Many cities are really too large an
Page 61 and 62: The classical models of the city su
Page 63 and 64: model is significant in this study
Page 65 and 66: a service, or solving a mutual prob
Page 67 and 68: for regionalism has been weak. Alte
Page 69 and 70: FinalIy, this chapter incorporates
Page 71 and 72: UNCOF's strategic and flexible prog
Page 73 and 74: legislation gaps and strong urban b
Page 75 and 76: • They involve local, national an
Page 77 and 78: and objectives. Are they realistic?
Page 79 and 80: This study acknowledges the importa
Page 81 and 82: 3.2.2.6 Benefits ofIDP for differen
Page 83 and 84: It must also ensure that the !DP co
Page 85: India, Africa, Asia and South Ameri
Page 88 and 89: The Lewis structuralist model is an
Page 90 and 91: human capital is the skill and know
Page 92 and 93: World leaders authored a list of de
Page 94 and 95: 3.4.2 Demography Another important
Page 96 and 97: economic and political relationship
Page 98: In the first phase ofthe project, h
Page 101 and 102: elections. They replaced the title
Page 103 and 104: On the basis ofthe Lebanon experien
Page 105 and 106: exist with various departments name
Page 107: 3.8 CONCLUSION The chapter establis
Page 111 and 112: FIGURE 4.1: THE FIVE SPATIAL UNITS
Page 113 and 114: The research tool established the b
Page 115 and 116: cultural attributes in the study ar
Page 117 and 118: attributes in the development of Ul
Page 119 and 120: 4.4.3 Interpretation (Understanding
Page 121 and 122: 5.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER FIVE THE S
Page 123: in South Africa and a new municipal
Page 126 and 127: and historical sites around Ulundi
Page 128 and 129: FIGURE 5.2: The main transport syst
Page 130 and 131: government services were concentrat
Page 132 and 133: opportunities for the Zululand Regi
Page 134 and 135: (Appavoo and Associates, 1998). Alt
Page 136 and 137: 5.4.1 Water According to the Recons
Page 138 and 139: From Table 5.1 above, about 83.7% p
Page 140 and 141: plans will serve as a guide both to
Page 142 and 143: the places ofresidence oflearners a
Page 144 and 145: spatial or non-spatial. All of us u
Page 146 and 147: 5.6.3 Environmental systems and lin
Page 148 and 149: alance) are in state ownership, or
Page 150 and 151: 5.7.2 Role Section 35(2) of the MSA
Page 152 and 153: Municipalities respectively) have b
Page 154 and 155: Mkhazane, Mabedlane, Mbangayiya, Mt
Page 156 and 157: 60 50 Gl 40 Cl S c: 30 Gl U.. Gl 20
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Table 6.4: The relationship between
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above children per household. The h
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6.4.1 Objective One: Existing lands
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• Opathe Emakhosini Heritage Park
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(e) White Umjolozi river andAloepla
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(i) Accommodation andhospitalityfac
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majority of the households appear t
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interviewed (31 %) were within the
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The community services division of
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Table 6.19 describes the trend ofa
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Table 6.21: The strategies for impr
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attlefields and the broad coastal a
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The ZDM (planning division) indicat
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Table 6.24: Community projects in U
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Interestingly, a significant 18% of
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that undermined the economic sustai
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and credit control policy in the 20
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The nature and levels of performanc
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7.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER SEVEN FIND
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Zululand, yet most residents do not
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threat to the situational and local
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Stages 2 and 3: Environmental analy
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The merging of the externalities (S
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would undergo market development pe
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Pietennaritzburg, limited residenti
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Ulundi. When the models of developm
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Municipality (ZDM), the spatial dev
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To determine the various landscape
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(Agricultural extension support ser
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had been created. The findings of t
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eans to Amajuba from places like Ul
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participation andto recommend a dev
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According to the municipal council,
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Systems Act (Act 32 of 2000). The D
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7.5.2. Tourism The regIOn has a hig
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land use propositions ID Ulundi. Th
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in such a way that they lead to the
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full (maximum) utilisation ofthe em
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Briffault, R. (2000): Localism and
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Helmsing, A.H.J. (2001a) Local Econ
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Meintjes, C.J. (2001): Guidelines t
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Scot!, G. and Pawson, E. (1999) Loc
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Zhu J (1999) Local Growth Coalition
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http://www.c-r.orglour-work/accord/
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http://www.wpunj.edu/-newpoVissues2
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(c) 7 and above [ ] 5. How many dep
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D. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND SUS
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(a) Yes [I (b) No [I (c) Not sure [
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the spatial, socio-economic and adm
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