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5.4.1 Water According to the Reconstmction and Development Programme (RDP) [ANC, 1994] there are supposed to be 25 litres of water per person per day within 200m ofa home, set to determine the level of water supply in South Africa. Three levels of water supply have been identified by the Zululand District Municipality in order to provide an overview ofthe present situation: • Above RDP standard • RDP standard (25Uperson/day within 200 m ofthe home) • Below RDP standard Water supply remains a serious setback to the improvement of the quality of life of many in the Zululand District, even though there appears to be significant improvement in its provision. According to the RDP standard, approximately 31.4% of the people in Zululand have no access to the requisite standard of water supplies. In the face of this challenge, an interim, rudimentary water supply project is in progress to ensure that every senlement has access to a minimum of 5Uperson/day within 800 m of the home. This study acknowledges that in the pursuit of preventing a drain of resources from the local economy, seasonal water shortages in Ulundi are of grave concern to domestic and potential industrial growth in the area. Other alternative sources of water like boreholes which are already in use in the tribal authority areas need further research/study. 5.4.2 Sanitation The 200I Census reports that 39% of households in Zululand District Municipality had no sanitation facilities and that 27% used pit and bucket latrines. Approximately. 88% of its urban residents had water borne sanitation, while 67% of rural dwellers had no sanitation facilities. The RDP standard for sanitation is a flush toilet or managed soak pit (lOP Zululand District Municipality, 2006). Thus the study highlights the urban inequality in sanitation that manifests deplorable environmental health challenges in the rural areas of the entire Zululand Region. The limited resources to deal with free services in the tribal rural areas ofthe study area are a great concern. 117
5.4.3 Electricity The Water Services Development Plan survey found that 92% of urban dwellers had electricity, but not more than 32% of the rural population. It further reveals that 27% of households have access to electricity, but that 63% depend on candles for lighting (lOP Zululand District Municipality, 2006). Currently the main reason behind the demand for electricity in rural service centres such as schools, clinics and police stations in the Ulundi Local Municipality is for lighting purposes. 5.4.4 Roads There are five classes of roads in Zululand, namely national, provincial, district, local and community access. For purposes ofthis analysis, the last two (local and community access) are combined as these provide the primary access to most settlements and are in far worse condition than the other classes ofroads (Table 5.1). Table 5.1: Access roads linking settlements (Population) in the five local municipalities in 2006 in the Zululand District Municioalitv ; ! Length of local or , 1 Population Pop. further 0/0 ofPop in 0/0 ofPop. in access Roads 1 ! Municipality within lkm than tkm LM LM linking Settlements I I ofa road j from a road , ! to Roads (Km) I I , Edumbe Upongola Abaqulusi I , 1 I 64082 90606 183482 , i %.6% 90.4% 84.7% ! i 2287 %14 33120 i I i 3.4% 9.6% 15.30/0 ! 126 230 178 i I ! Ulundi Nongoma Zululand I i I ! ! 284578 210%2 833710 I i i , 83.7% 91.5% 87.4% ! i , 55579 19710 120310 i i , 16.3% 8.5% 12.6% i i 303 631 1468 I ! ii , I Source: lOP [Integrated Development Plan] (2006): IDP Rl!Vlew (2006/2007)- The Zulu/and District Municipality, The Planning Unit. ZDM, Ulundi 118 I
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A Situational and Land Use Analysis
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This achievement i
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DECLARATION I declare that this res
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strategic path for purposes of addi
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1.7 CONCLUSION CHAPTER TWO THEORETI
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4.2 RESEARCH DESIGN 91 4.2.1 Sampli
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CHAPTER SIX THE ANALYSIS AND INTERP
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FIGURE 1.1 1.2 3.1 3.2 4.1 5.1 5.2
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LIST OF TABLES TABLES DESCRIPTION P
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6.34 7.1 Efficiency and effectivene
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This study provides relevant and me
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The Ulundi Local Municipality seems
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Nearly half the area of the municip
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(a) To determine the various land u
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1.4.4 Land use analysis Land use an
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Hence, the 'sustainable development
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evaluative; and for others, scienti
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namely, the concentric, the sector,
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2.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER TWO LITERA
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Key global changes have obliged cit
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Regarding a second categorization,
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efers to the overall planning and m
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stressed that employment generation
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were described as community based e
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the investigation considers issues
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y economic processes. Lefebvre (197
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houses increases with distance from
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Zones and sectors tend to distort f
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Many cities are really too large an
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The classical models of the city su
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model is significant in this study
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a service, or solving a mutual prob
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for regionalism has been weak. Alte
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FinalIy, this chapter incorporates
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UNCOF's strategic and flexible prog
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legislation gaps and strong urban b
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• They involve local, national an
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and objectives. Are they realistic?
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This study acknowledges the importa
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3.2.2.6 Benefits ofIDP for differen
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It must also ensure that the !DP co
Page 85: India, Africa, Asia and South Ameri
Page 88 and 89: The Lewis structuralist model is an
Page 90 and 91: human capital is the skill and know
Page 92 and 93: World leaders authored a list of de
Page 94 and 95: 3.4.2 Demography Another important
Page 96 and 97: economic and political relationship
Page 98: In the first phase ofthe project, h
Page 101 and 102: elections. They replaced the title
Page 103 and 104: On the basis ofthe Lebanon experien
Page 105 and 106: exist with various departments name
Page 107 and 108: 3.8 CONCLUSION The chapter establis
Page 109 and 110: 4.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER FOUR METHO
Page 111 and 112: FIGURE 4.1: THE FIVE SPATIAL UNITS
Page 113 and 114: The research tool established the b
Page 115 and 116: cultural attributes in the study ar
Page 117 and 118: attributes in the development of Ul
Page 119 and 120: 4.4.3 Interpretation (Understanding
Page 121 and 122: 5.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER FIVE THE S
Page 123: in South Africa and a new municipal
Page 126 and 127: and historical sites around Ulundi
Page 128 and 129: FIGURE 5.2: The main transport syst
Page 130 and 131: government services were concentrat
Page 132 and 133: opportunities for the Zululand Regi
Page 134 and 135: (Appavoo and Associates, 1998). Alt
Page 138 and 139: From Table 5.1 above, about 83.7% p
Page 140 and 141: plans will serve as a guide both to
Page 142 and 143: the places ofresidence oflearners a
Page 144 and 145: spatial or non-spatial. All of us u
Page 146 and 147: 5.6.3 Environmental systems and lin
Page 148 and 149: alance) are in state ownership, or
Page 150 and 151: 5.7.2 Role Section 35(2) of the MSA
Page 152 and 153: Municipalities respectively) have b
Page 154 and 155: Mkhazane, Mabedlane, Mbangayiya, Mt
Page 156 and 157: 60 50 Gl 40 Cl S c: 30 Gl U.. Gl 20
Page 159 and 160: Table 6.4: The relationship between
Page 163 and 164: above children per household. The h
Page 165 and 166: 6.4.1 Objective One: Existing lands
Page 168: • Opathe Emakhosini Heritage Park
Page 171 and 172: (e) White Umjolozi river andAloepla
Page 173: (i) Accommodation andhospitalityfac
Page 180 and 181: majority of the households appear t
Page 182 and 183: interviewed (31 %) were within the
Page 184 and 185: The community services division of
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Table 6.19 describes the trend ofa
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Table 6.21: The strategies for impr
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attlefields and the broad coastal a
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The ZDM (planning division) indicat
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Table 6.24: Community projects in U
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Interestingly, a significant 18% of
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that undermined the economic sustai
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and credit control policy in the 20
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The nature and levels of performanc
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7.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER SEVEN FIND
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Zululand, yet most residents do not
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threat to the situational and local
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Stages 2 and 3: Environmental analy
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The merging of the externalities (S
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would undergo market development pe
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Pietennaritzburg, limited residenti
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Ulundi. When the models of developm
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Municipality (ZDM), the spatial dev
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To determine the various landscape
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(Agricultural extension support ser
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had been created. The findings of t
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eans to Amajuba from places like Ul
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participation andto recommend a dev
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According to the municipal council,
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Systems Act (Act 32 of 2000). The D
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7.5.2. Tourism The regIOn has a hig
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land use propositions ID Ulundi. Th
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in such a way that they lead to the
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full (maximum) utilisation ofthe em
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Briffault, R. (2000): Localism and
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Helmsing, A.H.J. (2001a) Local Econ
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Meintjes, C.J. (2001): Guidelines t
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Scot!, G. and Pawson, E. (1999) Loc
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Zhu J (1999) Local Growth Coalition
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http://www.c-r.orglour-work/accord/
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http://www.wpunj.edu/-newpoVissues2
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(c) 7 and above [ ] 5. How many dep
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D. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND SUS
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(a) Yes [I (b) No [I (c) Not sure [
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the spatial, socio-economic and adm
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