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(Agricultural extension support services). The Siyasiza trust engages in rural women empowerment projects so that the rural women can provide for themselves and the children the basic needs and services. Less than 10% of the rural unemployed women participate in these projects. This research encourages more operations of non governmental organizations to advance efficient use of the local resources for improved local economic development in Ulundi. Over three in four household heads had no knowledge of poverty alleviation programmes in the Ulundi Municipality. This could be attributed to the fact that the Ulundi community was either passive participants or the leaders do not consult nor inform them about current developments in the area. However, the ZDM pointed out that the projects in progress included gardening, provision ofhouses, roads, water and electricity. Prominent among were social grants and art and craft. The sustainability of social grant as a long term empowerment tool is a serious concern. The high level of unemployment in Ulundi places a great expectation on the local municipality to ensure a positive atmosphere for job creation. This comes within a framework of shared responsibility among all relevant stakeholders. Projects are to be initiated on the foundation ofactive involvement to avoid communal apathy. Objective 3 To examine the strategies which stakeholders have already taken to stimulate local economic development to reverse the current trends ofdecline and lack ofdiversity ofthe economy to 'grow the economic pie'. The economy of Ulundi had been experiencing a decline. As part its objectives, the research sought to present an overview ofthe possible causes ofthis declining trend as gathered during the process of interview. It further attempted to evaluate the local economic development strategies which were in operation in the area so as to suggest possible strategies to improve and diversify Ulundi's economy. The interviewees attributed the perceived prevailing weak economy to many factors. The majority of respondents saw relocation ofthe legislature from 220
Ulundi to Pietennaritzburg as the main setback to the economy of Ulundi since over four in five ofthe working class were in the government departments. The property value was also impacted negatively by this decision since the supply now became greater than demand. Approximately 2% of household heads indicated that this situation had worsened the unemployment profile of Ulundi as labour which could not cope with high rentals in the new provincial capital, were forced to forgo their jobs in Pietermaritzburg. Certain existing valuable infrastructural facilities in Ulundi were left underutilised. Mangosuthu Airport and the state-of-the-art legislative building were unused to their highest potential. Lack ofskills and expertise (one in five), limited infrastructural facilities (over one in five), limited partnerships between all stakeholders (5.8%), low level of education (about one in ten) and distant market were also considered as additional factors undermining the growth and development ofthe economy ofthe place. About 8% ofthe respondents admitted that they did not know much about the dynamics ofeconomics and could not tell whether the economy ofUlundi was doing well or not. The ZDM acknowledged the multifactoral nature of the challenges facing the growth and development of the study area. Meanwhile, the planning unit (ZOM) pointed out that the ownership ofthe Mangosuthu Airport had been transferred to the district from the province. Apart from increasing accessibility to the area, the operation of the airport would also add value to the growth and development of Ulundi. Both domestic and international tourists would have more access to the tourism products the area offered at their convenience (Sibiya, Per. Comm., Thursday, 22-03-2007b). This in turn would have a positive multiplier effect in broadening the economic prospects that tourism could present in the area. Tourism as a vehicle to stimulate the LED of Ulundi had not been fully tapped. The Municipality considers tourism as a key role player in local economic development (LED). However, a tourism marketing strategy for Ulundi that seeks to link the landscape and cultural heritage has not been fully established. The municipal management indicated that in the process ofreviewing LED for Ulundi, a more conducive environment for public participation 221
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A Situational and Land Use Analysis
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This achievement i
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DECLARATION I declare that this res
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strategic path for purposes of addi
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1.7 CONCLUSION CHAPTER TWO THEORETI
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4.2 RESEARCH DESIGN 91 4.2.1 Sampli
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CHAPTER SIX THE ANALYSIS AND INTERP
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FIGURE 1.1 1.2 3.1 3.2 4.1 5.1 5.2
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LIST OF TABLES TABLES DESCRIPTION P
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6.34 7.1 Efficiency and effectivene
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This study provides relevant and me
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The Ulundi Local Municipality seems
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Nearly half the area of the municip
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(a) To determine the various land u
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1.4.4 Land use analysis Land use an
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Hence, the 'sustainable development
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evaluative; and for others, scienti
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namely, the concentric, the sector,
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2.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER TWO LITERA
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Key global changes have obliged cit
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Regarding a second categorization,
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efers to the overall planning and m
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stressed that employment generation
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were described as community based e
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the investigation considers issues
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y economic processes. Lefebvre (197
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houses increases with distance from
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Zones and sectors tend to distort f
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Many cities are really too large an
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The classical models of the city su
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model is significant in this study
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a service, or solving a mutual prob
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for regionalism has been weak. Alte
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FinalIy, this chapter incorporates
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UNCOF's strategic and flexible prog
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legislation gaps and strong urban b
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• They involve local, national an
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and objectives. Are they realistic?
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This study acknowledges the importa
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3.2.2.6 Benefits ofIDP for differen
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It must also ensure that the !DP co
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India, Africa, Asia and South Ameri
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The Lewis structuralist model is an
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human capital is the skill and know
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World leaders authored a list of de
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3.4.2 Demography Another important
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economic and political relationship
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In the first phase ofthe project, h
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elections. They replaced the title
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On the basis ofthe Lebanon experien
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exist with various departments name
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3.8 CONCLUSION The chapter establis
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4.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER FOUR METHO
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FIGURE 4.1: THE FIVE SPATIAL UNITS
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The research tool established the b
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cultural attributes in the study ar
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attributes in the development of Ul
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4.4.3 Interpretation (Understanding
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5.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER FIVE THE S
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in South Africa and a new municipal
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and historical sites around Ulundi
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FIGURE 5.2: The main transport syst
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government services were concentrat
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opportunities for the Zululand Regi
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(Appavoo and Associates, 1998). Alt
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5.4.1 Water According to the Recons
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From Table 5.1 above, about 83.7% p
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plans will serve as a guide both to
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the places ofresidence oflearners a
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spatial or non-spatial. All of us u
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5.6.3 Environmental systems and lin
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alance) are in state ownership, or
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5.7.2 Role Section 35(2) of the MSA
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Municipalities respectively) have b
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Mkhazane, Mabedlane, Mbangayiya, Mt
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60 50 Gl 40 Cl S c: 30 Gl U.. Gl 20
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Table 6.4: The relationship between
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above children per household. The h
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6.4.1 Objective One: Existing lands
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• Opathe Emakhosini Heritage Park
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(e) White Umjolozi river andAloepla
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(i) Accommodation andhospitalityfac
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majority of the households appear t
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interviewed (31 %) were within the
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The community services division of
Page 187: Table 6.19 describes the trend ofa
Page 190 and 191: Table 6.21: The strategies for impr
Page 192 and 193: attlefields and the broad coastal a
Page 194: The ZDM (planning division) indicat
Page 199: Table 6.24: Community projects in U
Page 203: Interestingly, a significant 18% of
Page 206: that undermined the economic sustai
Page 209 and 210: and credit control policy in the 20
Page 211: The nature and levels of performanc
Page 215 and 216: 7.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER SEVEN FIND
Page 218 and 219: Zululand, yet most residents do not
Page 220: threat to the situational and local
Page 223 and 224: Stages 2 and 3: Environmental analy
Page 225 and 226: The merging of the externalities (S
Page 227 and 228: would undergo market development pe
Page 230 and 231: Pietennaritzburg, limited residenti
Page 232 and 233: Ulundi. When the models of developm
Page 234 and 235: Municipality (ZDM), the spatial dev
Page 236 and 237: To determine the various landscape
Page 240 and 241: had been created. The findings of t
Page 242 and 243: eans to Amajuba from places like Ul
Page 244 and 245: participation andto recommend a dev
Page 246 and 247: According to the municipal council,
Page 248 and 249: Systems Act (Act 32 of 2000). The D
Page 250 and 251: 7.5.2. Tourism The regIOn has a hig
Page 253 and 254: land use propositions ID Ulundi. Th
Page 255 and 256: in such a way that they lead to the
Page 257: full (maximum) utilisation ofthe em
Page 260 and 261: Briffault, R. (2000): Localism and
Page 262 and 263: Helmsing, A.H.J. (2001a) Local Econ
Page 264 and 265: Meintjes, C.J. (2001): Guidelines t
Page 266 and 267: Scot!, G. and Pawson, E. (1999) Loc
Page 268 and 269: Zhu J (1999) Local Growth Coalition
Page 270: http://www.c-r.orglour-work/accord/
Page 273 and 274: http://www.wpunj.edu/-newpoVissues2
Page 275: (c) 7 and above [ ] 5. How many dep
Page 279 and 280: D. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND SUS
Page 281 and 282: (a) Yes [I (b) No [I (c) Not sure [
Page 283: the spatial, socio-economic and adm
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