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attlefields and the broad coastal area of northern KwaZulu-NataI known by the market as Zululand. The ZDM acknowledges Ulundi as the cultural core ofthe district and all tourism activity should be focused on the theme of it being the birthplace of the Zulu Nation, incorporating some ofthe richest historical sites in Africa like the Ulundi battlefield where the memorials to the Zulu and British dead are located, and KwaZulu Cultural Museum which houses one of the most representative collections ofZulu material culture available; wildlife and living cultures (Sibiya, Pers. Cornm., Tuesday, 2I-02-2006a). According to ZDM, the Provincial Department of Economic Development in collaboration with the Office ofthe Premier (the leading agent) sees the Ophathe Emakhosini development as having high labour absorption during the construction and infrastructure development phase (Sibiya, Pers. Comm., Tuesday, 2I-02-2oo6a). In order to accentuate its local economic spm offs, it is envisaged that preferential procurement must be instituted in the hospitality operations. The tribal authorities of Ximba and Mpungose are prospective participants and active stakeholders as the protected area includes a section ofthese tribal areas. This approach also calls for business linkages with the private game reserves. Over 40"10 land ofthe ZDM is under the Traditional Authority and the Ngonyama Trust usually controls the rural plots. The rural land with high tourism potential is to be developed within the framework of partnership. This potential tourism industry in Ulundi is characterized by tourism routes, such as battlefields route and the Zulu heritage route. The ZDM pointed out that local knowledge of historical sites, places of interest and culture positions local entrepreneurs as potential tourist operators and ground handlers (Rohrs. Pers. Comm.• Friday, 17-11-2006). Meanwhile, it was pointed out that tourism has been active only at the district level. and little is said or done by the local municipality to promote it at the local, national and international fronts. The Ulundi Community Tourism Association (CTA). the vehicle of Ulundi tourism has not been operational over time until 2007. All tourism stakeholders may see themselves as competitors for better service and improved product line to tourists who visit the area. The B&B operators, Amafa KwaZulu Heritage, tourism ZDM, tourism KZN and all tourism 174
stakeholders in Ulundi come together for a more comprehensive integrated tourism plan for Ulundi (Rohrs, Pers. Comm., Friday, 17-11-2006). Tourism development potential along P700 has sustainable impetus, following its close proximity to the Mangosuthu Airport. The latter has recently been granted provincial approval to commence its normal operations once again. B & B, traditional self-help accommodation, art and craft markets as well as information centres can be established along the P700 with the aim of attracting domestic and international tourists to ensure commercial ribbon development through sustainable tourism. The synergy between tourism and agriculture can be realized by the supply of produce for the tourist industry. The growth and development ofagriculture and tourist economic themes can fulfil the Provincial Department of Finance and Economic Development's key concerns as enshrined in the provincial LED projects (Rohrs, Pers. Comm., Friday, 17-11-2006). The planning unit ofZDM further acknowledged that the highest agriculture potential is in the north and north-east ofthe region, particularly in the Pongolo Local Municipality. There are currently development projects in crop production around Ulundi, Nongoma, Pongola and AbaQulusi. The generally dry climate of Ulundi has created a condition that is conducive for the commercial cultivation of soya beans and potential livestock production (Sibiya, Pers. Comm., Thursday, 22-03-2007b). The soya bean project is a partnership exercise between Zululand, Umzinyathi and Amajuba district municipalities. The memorandum of agreement is that Zululand and Urnzinyathi will supply the raw soya beans for processing at Amajuba. Ulundi which falls under Zululand District Municipality may not benefit from the direct employment opportunities and infrastructural development spin-offs that the processing plant at Amajuba will command. However, this project paves the way for the rural crop farmers to form co-operatives and work on a relatively large scale operation. This also has the capacity to increase disposable income and improve the quality of life ofthe people. What remains an envisaged challenge that farmers have to bear however is the transport cost to freight the soya beans to Amajuba from places like Ulundi, AbaQulusi, Edurnbe, Pongola and Nongoma in ZDM. 175
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A Situational and Land Use Analysis
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This achievement i
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DECLARATION I declare that this res
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strategic path for purposes of addi
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1.7 CONCLUSION CHAPTER TWO THEORETI
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4.2 RESEARCH DESIGN 91 4.2.1 Sampli
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CHAPTER SIX THE ANALYSIS AND INTERP
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FIGURE 1.1 1.2 3.1 3.2 4.1 5.1 5.2
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LIST OF TABLES TABLES DESCRIPTION P
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6.34 7.1 Efficiency and effectivene
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This study provides relevant and me
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The Ulundi Local Municipality seems
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Nearly half the area of the municip
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(a) To determine the various land u
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1.4.4 Land use analysis Land use an
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Hence, the 'sustainable development
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evaluative; and for others, scienti
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namely, the concentric, the sector,
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2.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER TWO LITERA
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Key global changes have obliged cit
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Regarding a second categorization,
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efers to the overall planning and m
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stressed that employment generation
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were described as community based e
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the investigation considers issues
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y economic processes. Lefebvre (197
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houses increases with distance from
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Zones and sectors tend to distort f
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Many cities are really too large an
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The classical models of the city su
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model is significant in this study
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a service, or solving a mutual prob
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for regionalism has been weak. Alte
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FinalIy, this chapter incorporates
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UNCOF's strategic and flexible prog
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legislation gaps and strong urban b
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• They involve local, national an
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and objectives. Are they realistic?
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This study acknowledges the importa
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3.2.2.6 Benefits ofIDP for differen
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It must also ensure that the !DP co
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India, Africa, Asia and South Ameri
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The Lewis structuralist model is an
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human capital is the skill and know
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World leaders authored a list of de
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3.4.2 Demography Another important
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economic and political relationship
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In the first phase ofthe project, h
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elections. They replaced the title
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On the basis ofthe Lebanon experien
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exist with various departments name
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3.8 CONCLUSION The chapter establis
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4.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER FOUR METHO
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FIGURE 4.1: THE FIVE SPATIAL UNITS
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The research tool established the b
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cultural attributes in the study ar
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attributes in the development of Ul
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4.4.3 Interpretation (Understanding
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5.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER FIVE THE S
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in South Africa and a new municipal
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and historical sites around Ulundi
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FIGURE 5.2: The main transport syst
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government services were concentrat
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opportunities for the Zululand Regi
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(Appavoo and Associates, 1998). Alt
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5.4.1 Water According to the Recons
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From Table 5.1 above, about 83.7% p
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plans will serve as a guide both to
Page 142 and 143: the places ofresidence oflearners a
Page 144 and 145: spatial or non-spatial. All of us u
Page 146 and 147: 5.6.3 Environmental systems and lin
Page 148 and 149: alance) are in state ownership, or
Page 150 and 151: 5.7.2 Role Section 35(2) of the MSA
Page 152 and 153: Municipalities respectively) have b
Page 154 and 155: Mkhazane, Mabedlane, Mbangayiya, Mt
Page 156 and 157: 60 50 Gl 40 Cl S c: 30 Gl U.. Gl 20
Page 159 and 160: Table 6.4: The relationship between
Page 163 and 164: above children per household. The h
Page 165 and 166: 6.4.1 Objective One: Existing lands
Page 168: • Opathe Emakhosini Heritage Park
Page 171 and 172: (e) White Umjolozi river andAloepla
Page 173: (i) Accommodation andhospitalityfac
Page 180 and 181: majority of the households appear t
Page 182 and 183: interviewed (31 %) were within the
Page 184 and 185: The community services division of
Page 187: Table 6.19 describes the trend ofa
Page 190 and 191: Table 6.21: The strategies for impr
Page 194: The ZDM (planning division) indicat
Page 199: Table 6.24: Community projects in U
Page 203: Interestingly, a significant 18% of
Page 206: that undermined the economic sustai
Page 209 and 210: and credit control policy in the 20
Page 211: The nature and levels of performanc
Page 215 and 216: 7.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER SEVEN FIND
Page 218 and 219: Zululand, yet most residents do not
Page 220: threat to the situational and local
Page 223 and 224: Stages 2 and 3: Environmental analy
Page 225 and 226: The merging of the externalities (S
Page 227 and 228: would undergo market development pe
Page 230 and 231: Pietennaritzburg, limited residenti
Page 232 and 233: Ulundi. When the models of developm
Page 234 and 235: Municipality (ZDM), the spatial dev
Page 236 and 237: To determine the various landscape
Page 238 and 239: (Agricultural extension support ser
Page 240 and 241: had been created. The findings of t
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eans to Amajuba from places like Ul
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participation andto recommend a dev
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According to the municipal council,
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Systems Act (Act 32 of 2000). The D
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7.5.2. Tourism The regIOn has a hig
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land use propositions ID Ulundi. Th
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in such a way that they lead to the
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full (maximum) utilisation ofthe em
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Briffault, R. (2000): Localism and
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Helmsing, A.H.J. (2001a) Local Econ
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Meintjes, C.J. (2001): Guidelines t
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Scot!, G. and Pawson, E. (1999) Loc
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Zhu J (1999) Local Growth Coalition
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http://www.c-r.orglour-work/accord/
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http://www.wpunj.edu/-newpoVissues2
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(c) 7 and above [ ] 5. How many dep
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D. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND SUS
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(a) Yes [I (b) No [I (c) Not sure [
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the spatial, socio-economic and adm
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