Tackling the future challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry - vTI

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! Agriculture and Forestry Research, Special Issue No 362 (Braunschweig, 2012) ISSN 0376-0723 Download: www.vti.bund.de/en/startseite/vti-publications/landbauforschung-special-issues.html Levine UY et al. (2011). Agriculture's impact on microbial diversity and associated fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane. ISME Journal, (2011) 5, 1683–1691 Murat A et al. (2011). Recent decreases in fossil-fuel emissions of methane and methane derived from firn air. Nature, 476: 198–20. Osborne CP, Beerling DJ (2006). "Nature's green revolution: the remarkable evolutionary rise of C4 plants". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361 (1465): 173–194 Rethemeyer J, Kramer C, Gleixner G, John B, Yamashita T, Flessa H, Andersen N, Nadeau M & Grootes P (2005). Transformation of organic matter in agricultural soils: radiocarbon concentration versus soil depth. Geoderma, 128: 94–105. Sanderman J, Farquharson R and Baldock J A, (2010) Soil carbon sequestration potential: a review for Australian agriculture CSIRO Land & Water Report P: iv www.csiro.au/resources/Soil-Carbon- Sequestration-Potential-Report.html van Groenigen K, Osenberg C and Hungate B (2011). Increased soil emissions of potent greenhouse gases under increased atmospheric CO2. Nature, 475: 214–216. 18
RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.) (2012): Tackling the Future Challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry. Proceedings of the 2 nd OAHC, Hamburg/Trenthorst, Germany, Sep 12-14, 2012 Using Workhorses in agriculture: Farming of yesterday or of tomorrow? Abstract KLAUS STRÜBER, Farmer, Hof Hollergraben GbR, Germany, www.hof-hollergraben.de, info@hof-hollergraben.de Using of draft animals in agriculture is in the first world a kind of “out of fashion”, because using of tractors is faster. Is this the true? No, said the results of some new current results: A tractor compact soil 40 % more then workhorse, even the tractor is lighter (Strüber 2010). The harvest is on a horse managed field 15% higher as on a tractor managed field. The use of workhorses help to reduced the consumption of diesel up to over 50%. The efficiency of workhorses in comparison with other renewable resource such as those plants like corn or canola is on a higher level. (Bender & Jackson 1982, Zimmermann 1992). The problem: In countries with high – level labour costs, the use of animals can be more expensive as a tractor. Using of animals is more designed to a small farm as to big farms. The use of animals is not “out of fashion”, but the problems need to be founding answers. The challenge is the economic situation. Small farms are better designed as big farms for the horse power system and it’s difficult to earn enough money from a small farm. The CSA system is a possibility for small farms, but eventually not enough to run a farm only by horse. Complete new ideas like a “Co²-Certificate” can help to bring more horsepower as today on the farms. If this happened, the soil quality is getting better by less fuel consumption. This is a goal which is worthwhile, for us and our children. We have decided on our farm, that we try this way. Introduction Organic farming needs a balance between ecology and economy. Some of the main challenge on the ecological side is energy and soil pressure. Here have workhorse’s good aspects: • The soil pressure by using workhorses in vegetable production is less as using tractors. • The following energy aspects are good. We produce 1, 5 ha vegetable only powered by two horses. The main challenge in using of horses is the fact, that we need more manpower as with tractor using. On little land dimensions, is it ok, but with bigger fields, it’s virtually impossible to use horses: The cost of labour are high. Germany is a land with a high level for cost of labour and the price for food is low. Making money by farming means big farms, also in organic farm systems. If we want to bring the key benefits of working horses into the agriculture of Germany and central Europe, we need small farms. To create an economic proper situation for organic small farming powered by workhorse is here the necessary goal. Results Large scale changes of soil A long term research (Cooperating partner for this research: University of Kiel, Germany, Prof. Dr. Horn) over 6 years on our farm shows, that “horse land” over 40% more air spaces have as “tractor land”. Therefore we use exclusive horse in vegetable production on 1, 5 ha since 2006 and the soil 19
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