Tackling the future challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry - vTI

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! Agriculture and Forestry Research, Special Issue No 362 (Braunschweig, 2012) ISSN 0376-0723 Download: www.vti.bund.de/en/startseite/vti-publications/landbauforschung-special-issues.html Egg production per hen housed at 60 weeks of age is related to mortality. Differences in production between countries, systems and genotypes follow almost completely differences in mortality. While the number of flocks of white hens is rather low, their production in organic and free range systems is high compared to the other genotypes. Silver hens, in contrast, show relatively high mortality and consequently low production per hen housed. Genotype on the one hand and country and flock size on the other are to some extent confounded (more white hens and small flocks in Switzerland and more silver hens and large flocks in The Netherlands). In the enquiry white hens were reported to have a better feather cover than brown hens, while feather scores for silver hens were lowest. Despite the difference in combination of the grandparent lines, silvers apparently are not different from brown hens in feather quality. Discussion about the results of the farm visits Since our dataset is not complete yet and too small to do statistics on, we would not like to run the risk to draw wrong conclusions concerning characteristics per genotype, system or country. Therefore we have presented only the rough results that are available up until now. Conclusions from the enquiry • From the large number of different genotypes present on free range and organic farms we conclude that there is no preferred genotype for free range systems and that no genotype seems to be best suited for those conditions. • Organic and free range farms housed a wide variety of genotypes in Switzerland and The Netherlands. In France only brown hens were housed, in Switzerland and The Netherlands brown, white and silver hens. In Switzerland also mixed flocks were present. • There was a tendency for slightly higher mortality and lower egg production per hen housed at 60 weeks of age in organic flocks compared to conventional free range flocks in Switzerland and France and a significant difference in the same direction in The Netherlands. • White hens tended to perform better than brown hens, while silver hens appeared to have a higher mortality and lower production per hen housed at 60 weeks of age compared to white and brown flocks. • There were no significant correlations between production, mortality, feather condition and use of outside run on the one hand and flock size on the other. • There was more variation in mortality and egg production among farms with a small flock size than among farms with a large flock size. Conclusions from the farm visits • Still a large number of genotypes is being kept, which supports the conclusion from the enquiry that there is no preferred genotype. • In the Netherlands mainly brown and silver genotypes were kept. In Switzerland also white genotypes and mixed flocks were kept. Suggestions to tackle the future challenges of organic animal husbandry In order to guarantee an acceptable level of animal health and welfare, as well as an economically and environmentally sound organic animal husbandry, the best suitable genotypes or breeds should be used. To identify which genotypes are suitable, the performance of the available genotypes should be monitored on farms on a regular base. For egg production and mortality this might be possible through contributions of farmers in an (international) database. Professional control on 358
RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.) (2012): Tackling the Future Challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry. Proceedings of the 2 nd OAHC, Hamburg/Trenthorst, Germany, Sep 12-14, 2012 such a database is in our opinion a necessary condition. To learn more about possible causes of differences in performance farm visits by experienced observers is required. References Anderson KE (2010) Range egg production; is it better than in cages? 2010 MPF Convention, March 16-18 2010, St Paul, Minnesota, USA, http://www.midwestpoultry.com Arthur JA & O’Sullivan N (2005) Breeding chickens to meet egg quality needs. International Hatchery Practice 19: 7-9. Hovi M, Sundrum A & Thamsborg SM (2003) Animal health and welfare in organic livestock production in Europe: current state and future challenges. Livestock Production Science, 80: 41-53. Johnston NP, Jefferies LK, Rodriguez B & Johnston DE (2011) Acceptance of brown-shelled eggs in a white-shelled egg market. Poultry Science 90: 1074-1079 Ketelaars HE, Arets A, Hel W Van de, Wilbrink AJ & Verstegen WA (1985). Effect of housing systems on the energy balance of laying hens. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 33: 35-43. Lambton SL, Knowles TC, Yorke C & Nicol CJ (2010) The risk factors affecting the development of gentle and severe feather pecking in loose housed laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 123: 32-40. Tauson R, Kjaer J, Maria GA, Cepero R and Holm KE (2005). Applied scoring of integument and health in laying hens. http://www.laywel.eu/web/pdf/deliverables%2031-33%20health.pdf Wagenaar J (Louis Bolk Institute) Personal information 2011. Researcher animal health and welfare. Zeltner E & Maurer V (2009) Welfare of organic poultry. In: proceedings of WPSA Poultry Welfare Symposium, Italy, 18-22 May, 2009, 104-112. Acknowledgement The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the European Commission, under the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development, for the Collaborative Project Low Input Breeds (Grant agreement No 222623)The views expressed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the information contained herein. The Dutch contribution is partly funded by the Bioconnect program of the Dutch Ministry of Economics, Innovation and Agriculture. We would also like to thank the farmers participating in the survey and the organizations helping with data collection. 359
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Sonderheft 362 Special Issue Tackli
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Foreword Organic animal husbandry s
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Content RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.)
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Introduction RAHMANN G & GODINHO D
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Abstract RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.
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Factors Plant Height (cm) RAHMANN G
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Results RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.)
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