Tackling the future challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry - vTI

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! Agriculture and Forestry Research, Special Issue No 362 (Braunschweig, 2012) ISSN 0376-0723 Download: www.vti.bund.de/en/startseite/vti-publications/landbauforschung-special-issues.html Although a substantial body of knowledge on anthelmintic properties of sainfoin have been compiled with respect to lambs, the impact of sainfoin feeding on periparturient egg rise (PPR) in ewes or the effect of sainfoin administration on product quality of dairy sheep and goats (e.g. milk, cheese) have not been investigated so far. We therefore designed a study (Study 1) to investigate the effect of the administration of a sainfoin diet to reduce parasite egg excretion of PPR ewes and its potential to minimise pasture contamination during PPR when animals are turned out on pasture after lambing. Additional to sainfoin, in this study, the anthelmintic properties of a tannin rich concentrate (Vicia faba) was investigated. The rationale of the PPR is, that ewes in late gestation and early lactation often show an increased susceptibility to nematode infection. In another experiment (Study 2) we looked at the impact of sainfoin administration on the quality of goat milk and cheese. The background of this work was the reluctance of farmers to use sainfoin as fodder with anthelmintic properties without knowing the effect this might have upon product quality. Study 1: Effect of sainfoin and faba bean on GIN in periparturient ewes A herd of Red Engadine ewes in late gestation was randomly distributed to four comparable groups. To allow a differentiation of the effect of single CT sources (e.g. sainfoin and faba bean) and their combination, the following groups were established: A control group (C) received a ryegrass and clover mixture (n = 21). A sainfoin group (S; n = 19). A faba bean group (B) fed with 500 g faba bean pellets per day and a ryegrass/clover mixture (n = 19). Furthermore, a combined sainfoin/faba bean group (SB) fed with sainfoin and 500 g faba bean pellets (n = 19). Total trial time was 29 days. Feeding start was at day 4 of the experiment. Ewes were naturally infected by grazing and experienced an additional super infection with 1500 H. contortus infective third-stage larvae (L3) 20 days before trial start. During the 29 day trial faecal sampling took place every 3 rd to 4 th day. Individual faecal egg counts were performed using a McMaster technique at a sensitivity of 50 eggs per gramm faeces. A corresponding subsample of faeces was dried at 105°C to constant weight for dry matter assignment and FEC was corrected for dry matter content and expressed as Faecal Egg Count Dry Matter (FECDM). Statistics Data were analysed using a linear mixed model (LMM), where FECDM was the repeatedly measured dependent variable from trial days 1 to 29. All analyses were performed at animal level: Yij = µ + groupj + lambj + timeij + groupj*timeij + idj + ϵij where y = dependent faecal egg count with dry matter correction (FECDM) for every individual (i) at occasion (j), µ = overall mean effect (intercept), group = group affiliation effect for every individual (i), lamb = effect of number of lambs for every individual, time = effect of changes of the repeated dependent variable for every individual (i), id = control for the characteristics of the individual at occasion (i) (random intercept) and ϵ = error term for every individual (i) at occasion (j). The two way interaction between time and group was included in the model. Results Considering change in FECDM over trial period, significant differences were found in slope for groups S and SB (- 1.51 and + 18.56 per day, respectively) compared to C (+ 224.09 per day). In contrast, change in group B (+ 244.03 FECDM per day) was not statistically different from C. Having two or more lambs increased FECDM about 727.34 versus having a single lamb, however difference was not significant. FECDM data are displayed in figure 1. Independent variables, standard errors and corresponding p – values are shown in table 1. 242
FEC adjusted for dry matter 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.) (2012): Tackling the Future Challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry. Proceedings of the 2 nd OAHC, Hamburg/Trenthorst, Germany, Sep 12-14, 2012 1 4 8 11 15 18 22 25 29 FEC sampling over trial period Figure 1. Faecal egg count [FEC; adjusted for dry matter (FECDM)] development of feeding groups over total trial period (original data) for groups SB (sainfoin & faba bean), B (faba bean), S (sainfoin) and C (control). Average lambing date was day 14.63 ± 1.67. Error bars are not displayed due to clarity of illustration. Table 1. List of independent variables, their coefficients, standard errors and corresponding p – value explaining correlation in FECDM Variable Coefficient Standard Error P - value Group S - 295.19 953.47 0.757 Group SB 239.60 956.00 0.802 Group B 193.76 953.74 0.839 > one lamb 727.34 687.74 0.290 Time 224.09 20.21 < 0.001 Time x Group S - 225.60 29.30 < 0.001 Time x Group SB - 205.52 29.30 < 0.001 Time x Group B 19.94 29.30 0.496 Constant 2892.35 800.53 < 0.001 Study 2: Influence of sainfoin on goat cheese quantity and quality Twelve lactating Alpine goats (mean 2.6 lactations) were used for the study. All animals were group fed with dehydrated alfalfa and ryegrass hay for a period of 15 days (control feeding period, CFP). Thereafter the feeding was switched to sainfoin hay for another 15 days period (sainfoin feeding period, SFP). Rations administered in CFP and SFP where balanced with commercial concentrates in order to assure isoproteic and isoenergetic feeding throughout the experiment. On day 10 of the respective feeding period, milk yield was determined for every goat and milk was analysed for fat, protein and urea content. Furthermore, milk collected between day 4 and 15 of the respective feeding period was separately transformed to cheese and matured for 8 weeks. The matured cheese resulting from the CFP and the SFP period were subjected to sensory analysis using 12 panellists and the two-out-of-five test with corresponding statistical analysis (Hough, 2012). Feed and milk data were analysed with paired T-Tests and p-values were corrected for multiple testing using the Bonferroni procedure (Hochberg, 1988). C S SB B 243
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Sonderheft 362 Special Issue Tackli
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Landbauforschung vTI Agriculture an
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Foreword Organic animal husbandry s
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RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.) (2012):
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Content RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.)
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Introduction RAHMANN G & GODINHO D
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References RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (E
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Abstract RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.
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Discussion RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (E
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Factors Plant Height (cm) RAHMANN G
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Kg liveweight (mean) RAHMANN G & GO
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Results RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.)
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