Tackling the future challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry - vTI

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! Agriculture and Forestry Research, Special Issue No 362 (Braunschweig, 2012) ISSN 0376-0723 Download: www.vti.bund.de/en/startseite/vti-publications/landbauforschung-special-issues.html Control cows had higher β-carotene and a tendency for higher α-tocopherol concentration in colostrum than the NSV cows in year 1 (Table 1). There were no other differences found between treatments in vitamin concentrations in milk. Table 1. Mean concentrations (and standard error of means, SEM) of α-tocopherol, βcarotene and retinol in milk (mg/l) at 3 sampling occasions; colostrum, 4 days post calving (PC) and 3-4 weeks PC for year 1 and 2, n=14 Sampling time P Colostrum 4 days PC 3-4 weeks PC Treatm. x Time NSV C NSV C NSV C SEM Year 1 α-tocopherol 2.61 4.72(*) 1.22 1.47 0.66 0.72 0.51 0.098 ß- carotene 0.94 1.70* 0.37 0.51 0.12 0.13 0.16 0.036 Retinol Year 2 2.55 2.92 0.52 0.84 0.24 0.25 0.30 NS α-tocopherol 4.50 4.28 0.81 1.23 0.85 0.60 0.65 NS ß- carotene 2.01 2.23 0.31 0.58 0.30 0.16 0.31 NS Retinol 2.36 2.24 0.44 0.80 0.48 0.38 0.30 NS (*) significant within row and time at P = 0.056 and * at P < 0.05, NS = not significant (P > 0.10) The NSV cows had a lower lnSCC than C cows after 3 months of lactation in year 1 (4.31 and 4.74/ml, respectively, P=0.017). In year 2 the situation was the opposite when NSV cows tended to have higher lnSCC in the same lactation period (5.59 and 5.19/ml, respectively, P=0.086). Also, there was a tendency for a higher mastitis incidence year 2 in NSV cows than in C cows (Table 2). In NSV cows, a higher mastitis incidence and fewer healthy cows were found in year 2 than in year 1. No differences were found between treatment groups in milk yield, milk composition or fertility parameters. Table 2. Number (and percentage) of healthy or treated cows fed without synthetic vitamins (NSV) or with synthetic vitamins (C), n=14 P P NSV P C P NSV/C NSV/C Year 1 Year 2 Year 1 Year 2 Year 1 Year 2 Healthy 11 (78) 2 (14) 0.001 7 (50) 6 (43) NS NS NS Paresis 0 (0) 3 (21) NS 2 (14) 4 (28) NS NS NS Mastitis 1 (7) 9 (64) 0.002 2 (14) 4 (28) NS NS 0.060 Other 2 (14) 4 (28) NS 4 (7) 3 (21) NS NS NS NS not significant (P > 0.10) Discussion Organic diets with high levels of grass-legume silages are expected to have a high level of natural vitamin E and β-carotene (Lindqvist et al, 2011 ), but apparently not enough to secure sufficient αtocopherol and retinol concentrations in plasma around calving. The higher β-carotene and tendency for higher α-tocopherol concentrations in colostrum in C cows in year 1 agrees with other studies (Lindqvist et al, 2011). A relationship has been shown between feeding cows no vitamin supplement and calf mortality (Waller et al, 2007), and low serum levels of α-tocopherol and β-carotene in the calves (Torsein et al, 2011). The tendency in year 2 for higher SCC after 3 months of lactation in NSV cows agrees with other experiments e.g. showing 25 % lower SCC in cows supplemented with synthetic vitamin E than unsupplemented cows (Politis et al, 2004). It is also in accordance with the tendency for higher mastitis incidence year 2 in NSV cows than in C cows. The shown long term effect in NSV cows with higher mastitis incidence and less healthy cows in year 2 com- 396
RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.) (2012): Tackling the Future Challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry. Proceedings of the 2 nd OAHC, Hamburg/Trenthorst, Germany, Sep 12-14, 2012 pared to year 1 might be due to depressed immune status in NSV cows year 2 because of no vitamin supplement. Suggestions to tackle the future challenges of organic animal husbandry As supplementation of synthetic vitamins resulted in higher vitamin levels in colostrum and influenced cow health, dairy cows need vitamin A and E supplements, at least around calving when the requirements are high. However, vitamin status in late lactation can be upheld without supplementation. The varying vitamin concentrations in silages contribute to insecurity of the supply from natural vitamins in feeds. More studies on vitamin contents in different grasses and legumes are needed. References Calderon F, Chauveau-Duriot B, Pradel P, Martin B, Graulet B, Doreau M & Noziere P (2007): Variations in carotenoids, vitamins A and E, and color in cow's plasma and milk following a shift from hay diet to diets containing increasing levels of Carotenoids and vitamin E. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 5651-5664. EU (2005): Council directive no. 1916/2005. Official Journal of European Communities L307/10. Lindqvist H (2012): α-Tocopherol and β-carotene in forages and their utilization by dairy cows in organic production. PhD thesis, Swedish University of Agricultural sciences, Skara. Lindqvist H, Nadeau E, Persson Waller K, Jensen S K, & Johansson B (2011): Effects of RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate supplementation during the transition period on vitamin status in blood and milk of organic dairy cows during lactation. Livestock Science 142(1-3), 155-163. Politis I, Bizelis I, Tsiaras A, & Baldi A (2004): Effect of vitamin E supplementation on neutrophil function, milk composition and plasmin activity in dairy cows in a commercial herd. Journal of Dairy Research 71(3), 273-278. Politis I, Hidiroglou N, White J H, Gilmore J A, Williams S N, Scherf H & Frigg M (1996): Effects of vitamin E on mammary and blood leukocyte function, with emphasis on chemotaxis, in periparturient dairy cows. American Journal of Veterinary Research 57(4), 468-471. SAS (2003): User’s Guide. Release 9.1 Ed. Cary, NC, USA. SAS Institute Inc. Torsein M, Lindberg A, Sandgren C H, Waller K P, Tornquist M & Svensson C (2011): Risk factors for calf mortality in large Swedish dairy herds. Prev Vet Med 99(2-4),136-147. Vagni S, Saccone F, Pinotti L & Baldi A (2011): Vitamin E bioavailability: past and present insights. Food and Nutrition Sciences 2(10),1088-1096. Waller K P, Sandgren C H, Emanuelson U & Jensen S K (2007): Supplementation of RRR-alpha-tocopheryl acetate to periparturient dairy cows in commercial herds with high mastitis incidence. Journal of Dairy Science 90(8), 3640-3646. 397
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Sonderheft 362 Special Issue Tackli
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Landbauforschung vTI Agriculture an
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Foreword Organic animal husbandry s
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RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.) (2012):
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Content RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.)
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Introduction RAHMANN G & GODINHO D
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References RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (E
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Abstract RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.
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Discussion RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (E
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Factors Plant Height (cm) RAHMANN G
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Results RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.)
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