Tackling the future challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry - vTI

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! Agriculture and Forestry Research, Special Issue No 362 (Braunschweig, 2012) ISSN 0376-0723 Download: www.vti.bund.de/en/startseite/vti-publications/landbauforschung-special-issues.html ported by Ayano (2005) for P. maximum unimproved that was fertilized with different animal manures (Table 2). This might be due to different factors such as the soil fertility as well as the feed offered the animals that produced the manure used for fertilizing the grasses. However, the trend in the change in concentration of P with plant maturity is in line with the report of Minson (1990). The P contents however fell within the recommended (1-4.8 g/kg) range for different classes of ruminant animals as stated by McDowell (1992; 1997). The values recorded for Ca content of the grasses as influenced by the manure types in this study is in consonance with the report of Chang et al. (1994) in which the Ca content of zero-manured barley had higher concentration. This might be as a result of salinity associated with manure application (Chang et al., 1991), also chelating properties of manure could be responsible in which elements such as calcium are bond into a chelate with the soil colloids and are release gradually and this is one of the importance of manure as they are known for binding up mineral elements against being washed away during erosion. The requirement of different ruminant animals in terms of Ca concentration ranged between 1.8 to 8.2 g/kg as reported by McDowell (1992; 1997). The crude protein (CP) recorded for the grasses as affected by the animal manure were within the range of 82– 112.8 g/kg reported by Bilal et al. (2001) when farmyard manure was applied to P. purpureum (Table 2). The values were generally above the critical limit below which forage intake by ruminants and rumen microbial activity could be negatively affected (Van Soest, 1994). These values were also above the minimum range of 65–80 g/kg prescribed for optimum performance of tropical ruminant animals (Minson, 1981). Table 2. Effects of manure type and age at harvest on the phosphorus (P) calcium (Ca) and crude protein (CP) composition of three grass species. Factors P Ca CP Manure type Cattle 1.67 d 7.11 d 101.60 a Swine 2.48 b 7.91 c 100.84 a Poultry 3.33 a 9.51 b 88.95 c Sheep and goats 1.90 c 9.76 ab 93.62 b Control 1.89 c 10.41 a 84.94 c SEM 0.2 0.4 2.9 Species P. maximum (Local) 1.80 b 8.19 b 92.52 b P. maximum (Ntchisi) 1.75 b 10.01 a 91.33 b P. purpureum 3.22 a 8.62 b 98.22 a SEM 0.1 0.4 2.4 Age at harvest (WAP) 4 2.24 b 9.19 b 110.60 a 8 2.53 a 10.15 a 101.54 b 12 2.59 a 8.65 b 90.52 c 16 1.66 c 7.78 c 73.32 d SEM 0.2 0.4 1.9 P-value Manure
References RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.) (2012): Tackling the Future Challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry. Proceedings of the 2 nd OAHC, Hamburg/Trenthorst, Germany, Sep 12-14, 2012 Anele U. Y., Arigbede, O. M., Südekum, K.-H., Oni, A. O., Jolaosho, A. O., Olanite, J. A., Adeosun, A. I., Dele, P. A., Ike, K. A. and Akinola, O. B. 2009. Seasonal chemical composition, in vitro fermentation and in sacco dry matter degradation of four indigenous multipurpose tree species in Nigeria. Animal Feed Science and Technology 154: 47– 57. Ayano, R. T. 2005. Influence of fertilizer types on mineral profile of Guinea grass and digestibility study using WAD sheep. M. Agric Dissertation Department of Animal Production and Health, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. 102pp Bilal, M. Q., Saeed, M. and Sarwar, M. 2000. Effect of varying levels of nitrogen and farmyard manure application on tillering and height of Mott grass. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 2(1-2) 21-23. Bilal, M. Q., Sarwar, M. and Ahmad, S. 2001. Effect of Stage of Growth and Nitrogen Fertilization on Protein Contents of Mott Grass and its Morphological Fractions. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 3(1):39–41 Chang, C., Janzen, H. H. and Entz, T. 1994. Long-term manure application effects on nutrient uptake by barley. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74: 327-330 Dele, P. A. 2008. Effect of plot management and fertilizer treatments on the growth, biomass yield and seed quality of two guinea grass varieties. M. Agric Dissertation, Department of Pasture and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta 84pp. Ezenwa, I., Reynold, L., Aken’Ova, M. E., Atta-Krah, A. N. and Cobbina, J. 1995. Cutting management of alley cropped leucaena-gliricidia- guinea grass mixtures for forage production in South Western Nigeria. Agroforestry Systems 29: 9-20. Fasae, O. A., Emiola, O. S. and Adu, I. F. 2009. Production of manure from West African dwarf sheep. Archivos Zootecnia 58: 601-604. MacDonald, R. C. and Wilson, K. R. 1980. Dry matter yields, digestibilities, mineral levels and cattle growth rates on greenfeed oats at different stages of development. New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture 8: 105–109. Martínez-Sánchez, J. L. 2005. Nitrogen and phosphorus resorption in a neotropical rain forest of a nutrient rich soil. Revista de Biologia Tropical 53: 353-359. McDowell, L. R. 1992. Minerals in animal and human nutrition. Academic Press, San Diego, 524pp McDowell, L. R. 1997. Minerals for grazing ruminants in tropical regions, 3rd edn. University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA, 81pp Minson, D. J. 1990. Forage in Ruminant Nutrition. Academic Press, London, 483 pp. Mohammed-Saleem, M. A. 1994. Evaluation of Stylosanthes for pasture development: An overview of ILCA’s experience in Nigeria. In: De Leeuw, P.N., Mohammed-Saleem, M. A., Nyamu, A.M. (Eds.), Stylosanthes as a Forage and Fallow Crop. Proceedings of the Regional Workshop on the Use of Stylosanthes in West Africa. Kaduna, Nigeria, October 23–31, 1992, pp. 17–23. Nyambati, E. M., Muyekho, F. N., Onginjo, E. and Lusweti, C. M. 2010. Production, characterization and nutritional quality of Napier grass [Pennisetum purpureum (Schum.)] cultivars in Western Kenya. African Journal of Plant Science 4(12): 496-502. Olanite, J. A., Anele, U. Y., Arigbede, O. M., Jolaosho, O. A. and Onifade, O. S. 2010. Effect of plant spacing and nitrogen fertilizer levels on the growth, dry matter yield and nutritive quality of Columbus grass in southwest Nigeria. Grass and Forage Science 65:369-375. Olanite, J. A., Arigbede, O. M., Jolaosho, A. O., Onifade, O. S. and Alabi, B. O. 2006. Effect of cutting intervals on the dry matter yield and nutritive quality of two varieties of Panicum maximum in the humid zone of Nigeria. ASSET Series A 6 (1): 171-180. Onifade, O. S., Olanite, J. A., Jolaosho, A. O., Arigbede, O. M. and Tijani, N. K. 2005. Response of guinea grass (Panicum maximum) to application of cow dung in South West, Nigeria. In: Proceedings of the XX International Grassland Congress in Dublin Ireland from 26 th June to 1 st July 2005. Edited by F. P. O’Mara, R. J. Wilkins, L. t’Mannetje, D. K. Lovett, P. A. M. Rogers and T. M. Boland. Pp. 396. Osuhor, C. U., Alawa, J. P. and Akpa, G. N. 2002. Research note: Manure production by goats grazing native pasture in Nigeria. Tropical Grasslands 36: 123-125 Sodeinde, F. G., Akinlade, J. A., Aderinola, O. A., Amao S. R., Alalade, J. A. and Adesokan, A. T. 2009. The effect of poultry manure on proximate composition and in vitro gas production of Panicum maximum cv T 58 in the derived savanna zone of Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 8:1262-1265 Tylutki, T. P., Fox, D. G., Durbal, V. M., Tedeschi, L. O., Russell, J. B., Van Amburgh, M. E., Overton, T. R., Chase, L. E. and Pell, A. N. 2008. Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System: A model for precision feeding of dairy cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology 143: 174–202. Van Soest, P. J. 1994. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant, 2 nd edn. Ithaca, NY USA: Comstock Publishing Associates/Cornell University Press. 476pp Waskom, R. M. 1994. Best management practices for manure utilization. Colorado State University Cooperative Extension. Bulletin # XCM-174 Pg 5 87
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Landbauforschung vTI Agriculture an
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Foreword Organic animal husbandry s
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Introduction RAHMANN G & GODINHO D
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