Tackling the future challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry - vTI

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! Agriculture and Forestry Research, Special Issue No 362 (Braunschweig, 2012) ISSN 0376-0723 Download: www.vti.bund.de/en/startseite/vti-publications/landbauforschung-special-issues.html site-related, which means that cow and farm type fit to each other (Spengler Neff et al. 2007). If the farm score is more than 10 percentage points higher than the cow score, it is assumed that the full potential of the farm is not tapped. If the cow score is more than 5 percentage points higher than the farm score, the cow demand is regarded as exceeding the possibilities of the farm environment. In this case, cows may not be well adapted to their environment and thus likely to be in stress and prone to disease. The difference between both scores was included in the statistical analysis as an explanatory variable. Health status was assesses by means of eight health and reproduction indicators. These were herd means of calving interval (CI), risk of acidosis, risk of ketosis, somatic cell score (SCS), veterinary treatments (udder treatments and all treatments), culling rate, and number of lactations. Risk of acidosis was determined by a fat-to protein ratio < 1.1 whilst risk of ketosis was determined by a fat-to protein ratio > 1.5, according to Čejna and Chládek (2005). Herd and farm factors were reduced by univariate analyses as recommended by Dohoo et al. (1996). Relationships between explanatory variables were examined by nonparametric rank correlations (Spearman’s rho). Independent variables strongly correlating with rs > 0.6 (Brosius, 2008) or overlapping with regard to their meaning were not simultaneously included in one model. Scale and ordinal independent variables were tested for associations with the dependent variable via rank correlations. ANOVA was used to find relationships between one nominal independent variable (breed) and the dependent variables. Explanatory variables univariably associated with p < 0.2 with the dependent variable were included into initial models of multivariable analyses as described by Dohoo et al. (1996). After pre-selection, multivariate linear regression models with stepwise backwards selection were used to explore effects on health and reproduction indicators. The acceptance and rejection criteria ‘probability of F-to-enter’ (PIN) at 0.05 and ‘probability of F-to-remove’ (POUT) at 0.1 were applied. Table 2. Herd factors and variable values Herd factor² Variable values¹ Age at first calving (months) numeric ECM per day (kg) numeric ECM per kg live weight (kg) numeric Mean minimum BCS of all cows numeric Difference between BCS minimums and maximums of all cows numeric Percentage of horned cows numeric Height at withers (cm) < 135, 135 - 140, 140 - 145, > 145 Weight (kg) < 600, > 600 Feet and legs rather big-boned, rather fine-boned Muscling rather heavy, rather light Temperament rather calm, rather spirited Breed Fleckvieh, Holstein-Friesian, Braunvieh (BV), BV and Original Braunvieh, mixed breeds ¹ all variable values are listed in ascending order; factors without variable values were interval-scaled ² ECM: energy-corrected milk; BCS: body condition score Results Factors influencing CI are presented in Table 3. CI was longer when BCS range was higher in the course of lactation. The difference between farm and herd score was negatively associated with calving interval. Age of first calving showed a trend to be higher for herds with longer CI. Factors influencing the risk of acidosis are presented in Table 4. Lower minimum BCS values were associated with less cows showing a risk of acidosis. Where cattle housing was lighter more cows 326
RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.) (2012): Tackling the Future Challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry. Proceedings of the 2 nd OAHC, Hamburg/Trenthorst, Germany, Sep 12-14, 2012 showed a risk of acidosis. Higher grazing quantities in spring and autumn were associated by tendency with a higher risk of acidosis, as was strip grazing in summer as opposed to continuous and alpine grazing. Table 3. Regressions of influences on the calving interval (R² = 0.190; adj.R² = 0.154; F = 5.315; p = 0.002) Variable¹ Estimate Standard error t p (Constant) 305.550 36.003 8.487
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Sonderheft 362 Special Issue Tackli
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Landbauforschung vTI Agriculture an
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Foreword Organic animal husbandry s
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RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.) (2012):
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Content RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.)
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Introduction RAHMANN G & GODINHO D
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References RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (E
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Abstract RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.
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Discussion RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (E
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Factors Plant Height (cm) RAHMANN G
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Results RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.)
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FEC adjusted for dry matter 12000 1
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Conclusions RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (
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Kg liveweight (mean) RAHMANN G & GO
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