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Tackling the future challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry - vTI

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! Agriculture and Forestry Research, Special Issue No 362 (Braunschweig, 2012) ISSN 0376-0723<br />

Download: www.vti.bund.de/en/startseite/vti-publications/landbauforschung-special-issues.html<br />

get used to that too. Bichard (2010) also pointed out that a young bull system can achieve similar<br />

genetic progress as a testing scheme and setting up such a system needs time. This situation can be<br />

compared to farmers’ trust needed for breeding values based on genomic selection (Veerkamp,<br />

2008).<br />

Cloning, genomic modification and biopatents <strong>of</strong> animals are slowly gaining ground in agricultural<br />

industry (Brophy et al., 2003; Tvedt, 2007). Such practices can make distinct organic breeding programmes<br />

very important in <strong>the</strong> near <strong>future</strong>. Experiences with organic breeding schemes are needed<br />

if <strong>the</strong> sector is to hold its own in <strong>the</strong> fact <strong>of</strong> such developments. Current animal-unfriendly practices<br />

in cattle breeding conflict with one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> most important reasons for consumers to buy organic<br />

products: <strong>the</strong> perception <strong>of</strong> greater animal welfare (De Wit and Van Amersfoort, 2001). <strong>Organic</strong> AI<br />

can be an important step towards more organic breeding, not only in <strong>the</strong> Ne<strong>the</strong>rlands but also elsewhere.<br />

It is possible, but it will not happen without effort. Can organic AI in <strong>the</strong> Ne<strong>the</strong>rlands pave<br />

<strong>the</strong> way for o<strong>the</strong>r countries? A concerted international effort also depends on <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong><br />

rules on organic breeding. This is important to close <strong>the</strong> organic production chain completely, including<br />

<strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> breeding stock.<br />

References<br />

Anonymous, 1999. EC Council Regulation No 1804/1999 <strong>of</strong> July 1999, Supplementing Regulation (EEC)<br />

No 2092/91 on <strong>Organic</strong> Production <strong>of</strong> Agricultural Products and Indications Referring <strong>the</strong>reto on Agricultural<br />

Products and Foodstuffs to Include Livestock Production. www.europe.eu.int/eur–lex/en.<br />

Bichard, M., 2002. Genetic improvement in dairy cattle – an outsider’s perspective. Livest. Prod. Sci. 75: 1-<br />

10.<br />

Bichard, M., 2010. Breed improvement based up on young bulls. Workshop <strong>Organic</strong> breeding and unlimited<br />

posibilities. De Glind, 28 September, 2010, http://www.biologischefokkerij.nl/images2/<br />

Brophy, B., Smolenski, G., Wheeler, T., Wells, D.,L’Huillier, Ph., Liable, G., 2003. Cloned transgenic cattle<br />

produce milk with higher levels <strong>of</strong> β-casein and κ-casein. Nature Biotechnology 21: 157-162.<br />

De Wit, H.M.M. & I. Van Amersfoort, 2001. Especially post-materialists and cosmopolitans buy organic.<br />

Voeding Nu 4: 18–20.<br />

Falconer, D.S. & T.F.C. Mackay, 1996. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics (4th edition). Addison Wesley<br />

Longman, Harlow, 464 p.<br />

Haiger A., 1998, Lifetime dairy performance as breeding aim. Proceedings 13th IFOAM Scientific Conference.<br />

Nauta, W.J., 2009. Selective breeding in organic dairy farming. PhD Thesis. Wageningen University.<br />

Nauta W. J., Veerkamp, R,F., Brascamp, E.W., Bovenhuis, H., 2006. Genotype by Environment Interaction<br />

for Milk Production Traits between <strong>Organic</strong> and Conventional Dairy Cattle Production in <strong>the</strong> Ne<strong>the</strong>rlands.<br />

J. Dairy Sci. 89: 2729-2737.<br />

Tvedt, M.W., 2007. Patent protection in <strong>the</strong> field <strong>of</strong> animal breeding. Acta Agric. Scandinavica, Section A -<br />

<strong>Animal</strong> Sciences, Vol. 57, No 3, 2007, pp. 105-120.<br />

Veerkamp, R.F., 2008. British Cattle Breeders Club, Bold predictions for genomic selection. Newsletter<br />

Spring 2008 http://www.cattlebreeders.org.uk/newsletter /index.php5<br />

350

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