Tackling the future challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry - vTI

! Agriculture and Forestry Research, Special Issue No 362 (Braunschweig, 2012) ISSN 0376-0723
Download: www.vti.bund.de/en/startseite/vti-publications/landbauforschung-special-issues.html
The assumption is that 0-19-year old, (e.g. 6-month old baby) and 66 to 75+ year-old will produce
and consume meat as much as a mature person (20-65-year old) man and/or woman. The use of PC
to evaluate food produce, meat consumption predictions has rarely been directly challenged. The
above assumption will lead to faulty conclusions in the kind of actions that are required by both
developed and developing countries, (Hasimoglu 1984; 1989; 2000; 2010 and Prskawetz et al.
2007).
1. Nutrition and Energy Expenditure for Human Productivity: Method deals primarily with
energy obtained from foodstuffs and may not be able to fix the total energy requirement for a
standard reference individual. On the other hand minimal standard energy, called metabolic body
rate (MBR), basal metabolic body size (BMS) or energy (BME) can be determined and calculated
for each age group (5-year intervals) are selected as one of the method criteria.
2. Age and Gender Structure of a Population: Method design selected correlates to deviant
anthropometry that includes defined age and sex structure and other factors (Body weight,
height, body frame, environmental temperature etc.) affecting BMR are also considered and included
in calculations. Anthropometric indices are essential for the interpretation of measurements:
e.g., a value for body weight alone has no meaning unless it is related to an individual
age, height and energy requirement.
3. Scientific Findings and Calculation Procedure of PAHU: BMR is the criteria used to calculate
the PAHU conversion factors (Table 1.) for the different age and gender groups to standardize
a population or a target group under one standardized unit, because BMR or metabolic energy
is an essential part of human vitality and productivity. The formula and calculations were
based on the long-term research findings and the mathematical equation representing the internationally
well accepted model: BMR kcal) = 70 (W kg)0.75
4. Selected Anthropometric Criteria: In order to serve the purpose, age groups and their live
weights are recalculated according to their heights for males and females from the values and
tables given by different scientists. These values serve as guidance for calculating the energy
needs for the age groups on their BMRs. An age group of 20-24 is chosen as a standard adult
age group (Per Adult Human Unit or Reference Person) for both male and female because, up to
this age, the growth based on bone and muscle, whereas weight increases after that age almost
always represent fat. The calculated BMR values, 1694 kcal/d for males and 1319.3 kcal/d females,
averaging 1528.7 kcal/d are very close to the values given by the literature. BMR calculated
values are presented in Table 1. for selected each age group.
Results
Through the expansion of EU to 27 members where each member is evaluated individually over ten
years, (Addition of 106 million PC and 89.5 million PAHU), its population increased to 480 million
PC and 406 million PAHU in 2010. With the expansion of EU to 29 [EU-27 plus Croatia and (Turkey-if
accepted until 2020)], PC and PAHU numbers will reach to 561 million and 469 million in
the year 2020 respectively. EU27 is one of the largest meat/organic meat consumer markets of the
world after China and India.
In addition, the calculation of the PAHU of the German population indicates that consuming and/or
producing 81.1 and 81.4 million PC populations for the years 2010 and 2020 respectively, would be
reduced down to standardized 69.2 and 68.3 million PAHU populations with a difference of 17.2
and 19.1 percentage unit from PAHU respectively, indicating an increase in ageing population and
reduction in the birth rate. The methodology underlying the PC estimate is an indirect procedure of
arriving at a conclusion by disregarding not only the young but also the older proportion of a population
with energy intakes above their requirements. Further graphic analysis made by using Table
1. BMR kcal requirement values against age groups, clearly illustrated faulty and deleterious assessments.
These deleterious assessments are not less than 7.6 percentage units for the age group
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