Tackling the future challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry - vTI

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! Agriculture and Forestry Research, Special Issue No 362 (Braunschweig, 2012) ISSN 0376-0723 Download: www.vti.bund.de/en/startseite/vti-publications/landbauforschung-special-issues.html novaeseelandiae), Pīwakawaka or fantail (Rhipidura fuliginosa) and weka (Gallirallus australis). A brief selection of species that are good providers of food and habitat for New Zealand native birds are given in Table 2. Table 2. Some examples of native plant species which will provide food and habitat to encourage the establishment of native fauna on Te Putahi Species Maori name Common name Ailment Cordyline australis Tī kōuka Tī Kāuka, Tī whanake Cabbage tree Food source Melicytus ramiflorus Māhoe, Hinahina, Inihina Whiteywood Habitat food source Podocarpus totara Tōtara Totara Habitat There are many benefits to each species chosen and a plant will contribute to the farm in multiple ways. For example, snowberry is also excellent for wounds, a favourite food of weka and provides good ground cover. Hebe is good for wounds and a tonic, matipo is a tonic and good for wounds and both provide favoured habitat. The cabbage tree is iconic (Simpson, 2000) with many uses from food and weaving to medicine. Totara previously clothed Banks Peninsula (Norton & Fuller, 1994) and there are many old Totara fence posts to be found on Te Putahi. Māori had multiple uses for the wood and bark of the Totara; the berries are good to eat and the tree has medicinal properties. Kawakawa has an important role in Māori culture (Riley 1994), as well as being an excellent tonic - it is antiparasitic, good for wounds and toothache (Porritt, 1967). The parts of the farm that are robust can be retained in pasture and every effort made to promote productivity on these areas. Other areas of the farm can be planted to different degrees. Densely planted blocks, areas that have been retired for soil conservation, and riparian margins, can be browsed over fences. Direct access can be given to herbaceous plantings and areas with an open canopy. In times of stress such as drought or storm, blocks of trees and shrubs can provide lifesaving feed and shelter. Conclusion Each farm is distinctive and its circumstances will be unique. As Te Rongoā encourages a holistic view, the requirements of individual farms will differ. Species of plants selected for each farm should suit the local climate and conditions, the soils and stock and the local ecology. In addition the plantings on any farm should reflect and support the existing ecosystems and the values of the local community. Te Rongoā has much in common with the principles of organic farming and as such can make an excellent contribution to the support of animal health on organic farms. Suggestions to tackle the future challenges of organic animal husbandry Farmed animals rely on the land for their sustenance if the land is in good heart animals will be healthy and productive. Stock contribute actively to the resilience of the land upon which they rely and should not be removed from the equation. If we treat the land and our animals with respect we shall all prosper. References Brooker, S., Cambie, R., & Cooper, R. (1987). New Zealand Medicinal Plants (2 ed.). Auckland New Zealand: Reed Books. Cambie, R. C., & Ferguson, L. R. (2003). Potential functional foods in the traditional Maori diet. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 523–524(0), 109-117. doi: 10.1016/s0027-5107(02)00344-5 Clayton, D. H., & Wolfe, N. D. (1993). The adaptive significance of self-medication. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 8(2), 60-63. doi: 10.1016/0169-5347(93)90160-q Connor, H. (1977). The poisonous plants of New Zealand (2 ed.): New Zealand government printer. 444
RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.) (2012): Tackling the Future Challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry. Proceedings of the 2 nd OAHC, Hamburg/Trenthorst, Germany, Sep 12-14, 2012 Cooper, M., Campbell, H., Manhire, J., Moller, H., Rosin, C., Norton, S., & Hunt, L. (2010). The New Zealand Organic Report, from www.mpi.govt.nz/agriculture/horticulture/organics Durie, M. (2001). Mauri Ora: The dynamics of Māori health. Auckland New Zealand: Oxford University Press. Githiori, J. B., Hoglund, J., Waller, P. J., & Baker, R. L. (2004). Evaluation of anthelmintic properties of some plants used as livestock dewormers against Haemonchus contortus infections in sheep. Parasitology, 129(Pt 2), 245-253. Huffman, M., & Seifu, M. (1989). Observations on the illness and consumption of a possibly medicinal plant, by a wild chimpanzee in the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. Primates, 30(1), 51- 63. doi: 10.1007/bf02381210 Huffman, M. A. M. A. (2003). Animal self-medication and ethno-medicine: exploration and exploitation of the medicinal properties of plants. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 62(2), 371-381. IFOAM. (2009), from www.ifoam.org/about_ifoam/principles/index.html Lans, C., & Brown, G. (1998). Ethnoveterinary medicines used for ruminants in Trinidad and Tobago. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 35(3), 149-163. doi: 10.1016/s0167-5877(98)00066-x Maddocks-Jennings, W., Wilkinson, J. M., Shillington, D., & Cavanagh, H. (2005). A fresh look at manuka and kanuka essential oils from New Zealand. International Journal of Aromatherapy, 15(3), 141- 146. doi: 10.1016/j.ijat.2005.07.003 Mark, G. T., & Lyons, A. C. (2010). Maori healers' views on wellbeing: The importance of mind, body, spirit, family and land. Social Science & Medicine, 70(11), 1756-1764. doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.02.001 McGlone, M. S., & Wilmshurst, J. M. (1999). Dating initial Maori environmental impact in New Zealand. Quaternary International, 59(1), 5-16. McGowan, R. (2009). Rongoa Maori. Tauranga New Zealand: Robert McGowan. Moon, P. (2011). A Tohunga's Natural World Plants gardening and food. Auckland New Zealand: David ling Publishing Limited. Norton, D. A., & Fuller, P. F. (1994). Restoration of lowland totara forest in Canterbury. New Zealand Journal of Forestry, May, 21-22. Pere, R. (1995). Te Wheke: a celebration of infinite wisdom (2 ed.). Gisborne New Zealand: AoAko. Perry, N. B., Brennan, N. J., Van Klink, J. W., Harris, W., Douglas, M. H., McGimpsey, J. A., . . . Anderson, R. E. (1997). Essential oils from New Zealand manuka and kanuka: Chemotaxonomy of Leptospermum. Phytochemistry, 44(8), 1485-1494. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9422(96)00743-1 Pieroni, A., Howard, P., Volpato, G., & Santoro, R. F. (2004). Natural Remedies and Nutraceuticals Used in Ethnoveterinary Practices in Inland Southern Italy. Veterinary Research Communications, 28(1), 55- 80. doi: 10.1023/B:VERC.0000009535.96676.eb Porritt, A. (1967). The History of Medicine in New Zealand. Medical History, 11(4), 334-344. Porter, N. G., & Wilkins, A. L. (1998). Chemical, physical and antimicrobial properties of essential oils of Leptospermum scoparium and Kunzea ericoides. Phytochemistry, 50(3), 407-415. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9422(98)00548-2 Riley, M. (1994). Maori Healing and Herbal New Zealand Ethnobotanical Source book (3 ed.). Paraparaumu New Zealand: Viking Sevenseas N.Z.Ltd. Sharma, P. K., & Singh, V. (1989). Ethnobotanical studies in NorthWest AND Trans-Himalaya. V. Ethnoveterinary medicinal plants used in Jammu and Kashmir, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 27(1–2), 63-70. doi: 10.1016/0378-8741(89)90078-0 Simpson, P. (2000). Dancing Leaves The story of New Zealand's cabbage tree, ti kouka. Christchurch: Canterbury University Press. Villalba, J. J., Provenza, F. D., & Shaw, R. (2006). Sheep self-medicate when challenged with illnessinducing foods. Animal Behaviour, 71(5), 1131-1139. doi: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.09.012 445
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Landbauforschung vTI Agriculture an
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Foreword Organic animal husbandry s
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Content RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.)
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Introduction RAHMANN G & GODINHO D
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Abstract RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.
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Discussion RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (E
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Factors Plant Height (cm) RAHMANN G
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Tackling the future challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry - vTI

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