Tackling the future challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry - vTI

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! Agriculture and Forestry Research, Special Issue No 362 (Braunschweig, 2012) ISSN 0376-0723 Download: www.vti.bund.de/en/startseite/vti-publications/landbauforschung-special-issues.html Sahiwal: Sahiwal breed of zebu cattle (Bos-indicus) symbolizes the best germplasm in India and Pakistan as far as dairy merits are concerned. Though the original breeding tract of this breed lies in Sahiwal district of Pakistan, yet some herds are found in India along the Indo-Pak border in Ferozepur and Amritsar districts of Punjab and Sriganganagr district of Rajasthan. Some Muslim community called ‘Joiay’ or ‘Gujar’ who reared them in large herds. However, unfortunately, this convention vanished with the transformation of irrigation and farming system in recent years. Sahiwal have docile temperament, operate extremely well under drought condition, need little feed and are heat and tick resistant. In addition to being tick resistant, Sahiwal cattle show a general resistance to all internal and external parasites (NBAGR, 2005). This makes them ideal for tropical, arid, or sub-tropical dairy farmers. This breed has been utilized for the production of strains like Jamaica Hope, Australian Milking Zebu and Australian Friesian Sahiwal. Gir: The Gir breed (Bosindicus) is a well known milch breed of cattle in India and famous for its best potential for milk in village condition. Gir breed is mainly found in Sourashtra region (22°- 24°N and 68°-72°E) of Gujarat state of India. It has been used in the development of the Brahman breed in North America. The Gir cows and bulls may weigh 400-425 kg and 525-550 kg respectively. The Gir cattle can be easily diffentiate from other breeds of cattle because of its massive bulging forehead with curved horns and long pendulous ears. Under village condition 1 st lactation milk yield is 2215.6 kg, lactation length varies from 257 days to 378 days. The heat tolerance and diseases resistance of the breed make it fit for draft purpose (NBAGR, 2006). 366
RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.) (2012): Tackling the Future Challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry. Proceedings of the 2 nd OAHC, Hamburg/Trenthorst, Germany, Sep 12-14, 2012 Materials and Methods The state of West Bengal is divided into six agro-climatic zones. Except from Hilly zone data were collected from all five zones through semi-structured, pretested interview schedule. Regarding production data of farms the records of Bull Mother Farms were collected. Production and other data at farmers’ level were collected by direct interview. The farmers were selected randomly having at least two graded up or cross bred animals which have completed at least one lactation. For data on disease occurrence and treatment health card of the animals were checked during interview. All the data were pulled and analyzed by simple statistical test like mean and percentage etc. Result and Discussion Production and reproduction parameters of both graded up Sahiwal and Gir are depicted in table 1 and these are compared with performance of pure Sahiwal and Gir at Bull Mother Farms. Table 1. Production and reproduction performance of Sahiwal and Gir cattle and their graded-up progenies Sl. No. Parameter At farmers’ level At farm level Graded-up Graded-up Pure Sahiwal Pure Gir Sahiwal (N=60) Gir (N=50) (N=93) (N=41) 1. Age of Maturity (1 st heat) in days 926 ± 17.3 1043 ± 12.20 807.5 ± 13.4 928.6 ± 10.25 2. Age of 1 st Calving (days) 1256 ± 9.5 1348 ± 8.5 1112.6 ± 3.29 1288.4 ± 5.23 3. Calving Interval (days) 498 ± 4.6 515 ± 5.23 466.9 ± 6.7 481 ± 7.2 4. 1 st Lactation Yield (kg) 1812 ± 23.08 1854 ± 21.09 2574.2 ± 2445.6 ± corrected to 305 days 18.056 21.70 5. Lactation Length (days) 290 ± 8.8 281 ± 9.6 282 ± 7.5 276 ± 5.9 6. Best yield reported in a day (kg) 11.8 10.9 14.4 14.2 Table 2. occurrence of different diseases, required veterinary attention, expenditure involved for treatment and prophylaxis, which are summarized below. Sl. No. Parameter Graded Sahiwal 1. Different diseases re- Calf dyportedsentery,indigestion & tympani, epimeral fever, mastitis 2. Average no. of illness in last one year per cow 3. Ave. no. of Dewormer used per animal per year 4. Ave. no of call for veterinarian 5. Ave. cost of treatment per animal per year 6. Ave. return per cow per lactation Graded Gir Cross-bred Jersey Remarks. Calf dysentery,indigestion & tympani, epimeral fever, trypanosomiasis Calfscours, FMD, pneumonia, red urine, trypanosomiasis, amphistomiasis, milk fever, retention of placenta 2.0 2.2 6.8 1.7dose 1.5 dose 3.8 dose 0.6 0.75 2.5 No case of tick borne disease in Sahiwal and occurrence of mastitis is very low in Gir. $2.07 $2.380 $10.45 One $ = INR 50 $235.8 $226.9 $235.8 Under Central Herd Registration Scheme, Govt. of India, 1 st Lactation yield of pure Gir was recorded in village condition as 2215.64 kg. ( Mathur and Khosla, 1994) but the 1 st Lactation yield of Sahiwal at village level is 1756 ± 47.61 kg ( Raja, 2004). Milk yield of both the breeds both in farm 367
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Foreword Organic animal husbandry s
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Content RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.)
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Introduction RAHMANN G & GODINHO D
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Abstract RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.
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Discussion RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (E
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Factors Plant Height (cm) RAHMANN G
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Results RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.)
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FEC adjusted for dry matter 12000 1
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Kg liveweight (mean) RAHMANN G & GO
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