Tackling the future challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry - vTI

More documents

Recommendations

Info

! Agriculture and Forestry Research, Special Issue No 362 (Braunschweig, 2012) ISSN 0376-0723 Download: www.vti.bund.de/en/startseite/vti-publications/landbauforschung-special-issues.html Material and methodology The study was carried out on two research farms working according to the standards of organic farming. On Farm1 84 German Holstein black and white cows (Farm1-GH, 21 primipar, 63 pluripar) were analyzed. On Farm2, two breeds (German Holstein black and white and the local dualpurpose German Red Pied – GRP) are kept under the same management conditions (barn design, milking technique and routine, feedstuff, bedding material as well as farm staff). 49 GRP (18 primipar, 31 pluripar) and 46 GH (19 primipar, 27 pluripar) were analyzed on Farm2. Feeding management at Farm1 and Farm2 differed, resulting in better fulfillment the energy needs of the cows on Farm1 than on Farm2 (for details see Barth et al. 2011). Animals were sampled weekly during the first five weeks of lactation, gaining fore-milk samples according to the standards of the DVG (2000). Cyto-bacteriological analyses were carried out by the Department of Safety and Quality of Milk and Fish Products (MRI, Kiel, Germany) following the recommendations of DVG (2000). Cows were classified as shown in Table 1. Table 1. Classification of cows according to their results of cyto-bacteriological analyses of fore-milk samples gained during the first five weeks of lactation Class Description Healthy no pathogen isolated during the five sampling weeks Newly infected the first sample/s p.p. was/were negative but pathogens were isolated later Self-healed the first sample/s p.p. contained pathogens but the following samples were negative Changing results results were not consistent Clinical/ treated cow showed clinical symptoms and was treated if necessary Statistical analyses used R 2.15.0 (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2012), especially the package “vcd” (Meyer et al. 2010). Results Due to missing results caused by contaminated samples, 20 cows (Farm1: 13 GH, farm2: 2 GH, 5 GRP) had to be excluded from analyses. The analyses of the udder health status revealed that the German Holstein cows at both farms had a better udder health than the German Red Pied cows: Nearly 50% of the GH cows did not show any sign of an udder infection while only 27% of the GRP cows were not infected (Figure 1). This is reflected in the number of cows which showed symptoms of clinical mastitis: 15% and 25% of GH and GRP cows, respectively. The direct comparison between the GH and GRP at Farm1 showed an increased risk for the GRP to be infected by a pathogen (OR= 2.4, Odds-Ratio-Test: z=1.929, p=0.027) whereas the risk of GH at Farm1 and Farm2 did not differ significantly (OR=1.07, Odds-Ratio-Test: z=0.184, p=0.427). Discussion Compared to the results concerning the metabolic status of the two breeds respectively the herds at the two differently managed farms, the breed was more important than the management for the udder health status of the cows. Although all animals at Farm2 are kept under the same management conditions, a clear difference between the GH and GRP cows could be observed indicating a higher susceptibility to udder infections of the GRP. The intensive breeding activities aiming to improve the milkability and udder characteristics of dairy breeds might be an explanation for the advantages of GH cows in this study. In addition, the study revealed – when considered at farm level - that a higher metabolic load does not necessarily lead to an increase of udder infections. High quality standards in milking and hous- 322
RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.) (2012): Tackling the Future Challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry. Proceedings of the 2 nd OAHC, Hamburg/Trenthorst, Germany, Sep 12-14, 2012 ing may protect cows with high genetic merits for milk yield to be affected by other production diseases while they are subject to negative energy balance in early lactation. Frequency Figure 1. Frequencies of cows in classes of udder health status depending on farm and breed (GH = German Holstein black and white, GRP = German Red Pied) Suggestions to tackle the future challenges of organic animal husbandry Organic animal husbandry should focus on improving farm management and animal welfare on the farms. The origin of a breed does not guarantee its appropriateness for an organic farm in the same region. Thus, the selection of a breed should be based on the conditions and the management of the farm instead of rules such as “local breeds are to be preferred”. Nevertheless, the biodiversity of farm animals has to be conserved but under conditions of intensive agriculture as in Europe, special programs might be required. Acknowledgement The project was financed by the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food within the Federal Program for Organic and Sustainable Farming (BÖLN, FöKz 07OE012…22). References Farm1-GH Farm2-GH Farm2-GRP Barth K, Aulrich K, Haufe HC, Müller U, Schaub D & Schulz F (2011): Metabolic status in early lactating dairy cows of two breeds kept under conditions of organic farming - a case study. Landbauforschung 61, 307-316 Deutsche Veterinärmedizinische Gesellschaft (DVG)(2000): Leitlinien zur Entnahme von Milchproben unter antiseptischen Bedingungen und Leitlinien zur Isolierung und Identifizierung von Mastitiserregern. FG Milchhygiene; Sachverständigenausschuss: „Subklinische Mastitis“, DVG, Giessen Meyer D, Zeileis A, & Hornik K (2010) vcd: Visualizing Categorical Data. R package version 1.2-9 citated in Hatzinger R, Hornik K & Nagel H (2011): R Einführung durch angewandte Statistik. Pearson Studium, Munich Knaus WF, Steinwidder A & Zollitsch W(2001): Energy and protein balance in organic dairy cow nutrition: model calculations based on EU regulations. In: Hovi M, Baars T (eds) Breeding and feeding for animal health and welfare in organic livestock systems: proceedings of the fourth NAHWOA Workshop, Wageningen, 24-27 March 2011. Reading: Univ, 141-154 323
Page 1 and 2:
Sonderheft 362 Special Issue Tackli
Page 3:
Landbauforschung vTI Agriculture an
Page 7 and 8:
Foreword Organic animal husbandry s
Page 9 and 10:
RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.) (2012):
Page 11 and 12:
Content RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.)
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Introduction RAHMANN G & GODINHO D
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
References RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (E
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Abstract RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Discussion RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (E
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Factors Plant Height (cm) RAHMANN G
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Results RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.)
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
FEC adjusted for dry matter 12000 1
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Conclusions RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278: Results RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.)
Page 279 and 280: RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.) (2012):
Page 291 and 292: Abstract RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.
Page 327: Abstract RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.
Page 353 and 354: Introduction RAHMANN G & GODINHO D
Page 355 and 356: 349 Table 1. Breeding information o
Page 379 and 380:
Page 381 and 382:
Page 383 and 384:
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
Page 407 and 408:
Page 409 and 410:
Page 411 and 412:
Page 413 and 414:
Page 415 and 416:
Page 417 and 418:
Page 419 and 420:
Page 421 and 422:
Page 423 and 424:
Page 425 and 426:
Page 427 and 428:
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
Page 433 and 434:
Page 435 and 436:
Page 437 and 438:
Page 439 and 440:
Page 441 and 442:
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
Kg liveweight (mean) RAHMANN G & GO
Page 447 and 448:
Page 449 and 450:
Page 451 and 452:
Page 453 and 454:
Results RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.)
Page 455 and 456:
Page 457 and 458:
Page 459 and 460:
Page 461 and 462:
Page 463 and 464:
Page 465 and 466:
Page 467 and 468:
Page 469 and 470:
Page 471 and 472:
Page 473 and 474:
Page 475 and 476:
Page 477 and 478:
Page 479 and 480:
Page 481 and 482:
Page 483 and 484:
Page 485 and 486:
Page 487 and 488:
Page 489:
348 Herwart Böhm (Hrsg.) (2011) Op
show all

Tackling the future challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry - vTI

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?