Tackling the future challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry - vTI

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! Agriculture and Forestry Research, Special Issue No 362 (Braunschweig, 2012) ISSN 0376-0723 Download: www.vti.bund.de/en/startseite/vti-publications/landbauforschung-special-issues.html ration and milk yield), which was conducted after the on-farm data collection. The changes in the feed amounts modeled in GAS-EM lead sometimes to conside-rable differences between input and model values in the share of concentrates. The per cow GHG-emissions of the Intensive Dairy Farms 13 to 85 and the Extensive Deep Litter Farm 11 are on the same level, between 4531 (13_2009) and 5060 (85_2009) kg CO2-eq cow -1 a -1 , and differ by no more than 13 % (Figure 1). The other extensive farm (Farm 10) shows clearly lower per-cow GHG-emissions. Reason for the higher values of the Extensive Farm 11 are the higher GHG-emissions from its deep litter system compared to the slurry systems of the other five farms. GHG-emissions in relation to milk yield range from 0.54 (73_2010) to 0.96 kg (11_2010) CO2-eq kg ECM -1 . These results agree with the findings of other studies (de Vries et al., 2010), but are on a lower level, as some emission sources are not included in the dairy module of GAS-EM. The farms with higher milk yields have lower GHG-emissions per kg ECM than low yielding farms when regarding solely the emissions from manure and enteric fermentation. D: mean value for the respective district for the year 2009; the farms 10 and 20 are located in the same district, so the district value is given only once Figure 1. GHG-emissions from selected sources of six dairy farms calculated with the model GAS-EM Discussion GAS-EM can be used to calculate GHG-emissions of single dairy farms. But to do so the model should be refined, so data (e.g., share of concentrates) which are available on farm can be incorporated directly into the model. The sometimes large deviance in the share of concentrates between model and survey is problematic when detailed equations based on feed properties are used to calculate emissions from enteric fermentation. 24 GHG-emissions [kg CO2-eq.*cow -1 *a -1 ] 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 10_2009 10_2010 20_2009 20_2010 20_D 11_2009 11_2010 11_D 13_2009 13_2010 13_D Farm and year 73_2009 73_2010 73_D N2O grazing N2O housing+storage N2O spreading CH4 enteric fermentation CH4 grazing CH4 housing+storage 85_2009 85_2010 85_D
RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.) (2012): Tackling the Future Challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry. Proceedings of the 2 nd OAHC, Hamburg/Trenthorst, Germany, Sep 12-14, 2012 Besides, the modular design of GAS-EM makes it difficult to calculate a comprehensive GHGbalance of a dairy farm. Important emission sources belonging to dairy cows indirectly (e.g., replacement animals, feed production on- and off-farm) are not part of the dairy module and can be included only with difficulty or not at all. A comparison of the studied farms shows the importance of the level of milk yield, as the basis for the calculation of feed intake, and thus emissions from enteric fermentation and the amount of manure produced, for the GHG-emissions per cow. Suggestions to tackle the future challenges of organic animal husbandry To realistically and comprehensively estimate GHG-emissions from dairy farms, models should incorporate all relevant emission sources, including feed production off-farm, land use change and carbon sequestration. This is of special importance for organic farms, as they might have advantages in these areas. The adequate modeling of feed flows and qualities is fundamental for a realistic calculation of dairy farm GHG-balances. Calculation procedures with smaller uncertainties are desirable. References Ellis JL, Dijkstra J, Kebreab E, Bannink A, Odongo NE, McBride BW, France J (2008): Aspects of rumen microbiology central to mechanistic modelling of methane production in cattle. J Agr Sci 146:213-233 De Vries M, de Boer IJM (2010): Comparing environmental impacts of livestock products: A review of live cycle assessments. Livest Sci 128:1-11 Haenel HD (ed.) (2010): Calculations of Emissions from German Agriculture – National Emission Inventory Report (NIR) 2010 for 2008. Landbauforsch SH 334 IPCC (1996): Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Vol. 3. Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reference Manual. IPCC WGI Technical Support Unit, Bracknell Rahmann, Gerold; Oppermann, Rainer; Paulsen, Hans Marten; Weißmann, Friedrich (2009) Good, but not good enough? : Research and development needs in Organic Farming. Landbauforschung vTI agriculture and forestry research, Band 59, Heft 1, Seiten 29-40 Rahmann, Gerold; Aulrich, Karen; Barth, Kerstin; Böhm, Herwart; Koopmann, Regine; Oppermann, Rainer; Paulsen, Hans Marten; Weißmann, Friedrich (2008) Klimarelevanz des ökologischen Landbaus : Stand des Wissens. Landbauforschung vTI agriculture and forestry research, Band 58, Heft 1-2, Seiten 71-89 Roesemann C, Haenel HD, Poddey E, Dämmgen U, Döhler H, Eurich-Menden B, Laubach P, Dieterle M, Osterburg B (2011): Calculations of gaseous and particulate emissions from German agriculture 1990- 2009. Landbauforsch SH 342 25
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Factors Plant Height (cm) RAHMANN G
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Discussion RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (E
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Introduction RAHMANN G & GODINHO D
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Tackling the future challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry - vTI

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