Tackling the future challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry - vTI

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! Agriculture and Forestry Research, Special Issue No 362 (Braunschweig, 2012) ISSN 0376-0723 Download: www.vti.bund.de/en/startseite/vti-publications/landbauforschung-special-issues.html Algae is an excellent source of methionine which could replace synthetic amino acids that are used in conventional poultry diet formulation but are prohibited under organic standards. Local feed suitability Table 1. Suitability of feed ingredients available in the UK UK Total Metab- area 2010 olisable Organic & Energy Crude Methi- in Conver- (MJ/kg Protein onine Feed sion ) (g/kg) (g/kg) ANF’s Suitability Wheat 20,959 12.9 135 2.0 N/A Good Barley 16,490 11.8 113 2.0 Low levels of β- Good, more suited to layers glucans than broilers Oats 12,064 10.7 115 2.2 Low levels of β- Ok, high fibre and low energlucansgy makes them most suitable for pullet diets Naked 13.31 98-181 Some β-glucans Good for all classes of poul- Oats try Rye, 7,337 Rye 11 118 3.6 β-glucans & Significantly reduced due to mixed arabinoxylans ANF’s corn & Triticale Tritica- 12.7 125 2.0 Low levels Good especially for home le grown and when diet is supplemented with sunflower oil Maize, 2,786 Maize 13.75 83 1.7 N/A Good for all classes of poul- Oilseeds try. High levels of xantho- & prophylls can increase yellow tein pigmentation of eggs and crops meat beyond acceptable for some markets. Huge competition from human food and other livestock sectors Flax/ 343 5.8 Linatine and Good particularly for meat Linseed Linamarin birds as meat is healthier. Can cause “fishy eggs”. Good especially for home grown when fed as a whole grain Leg- 1,856 Faba 254 2 umes Beans Field 228 2.1 Many but all at Good for all but very young Peas low levels that have little effect poultry Lupins 349 2.7 Alkaloids and tannins but varieties with low levels available Good Other Algae 490 N/A Good for all classes of poul(Spirulinaplatenis) 2.5 try 400
Abstract RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.) (2012): Tackling the Future Challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry. Proceedings of the 2 nd OAHC, Hamburg/Trenthorst, Germany, Sep 12-14, 2012 Quality of organic legumes – prediction of main ingredients and amino acids by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy KAREN AULRICH, HERWART BÖHM Thuenen-Institute for Organic Farming, Westerau, Germany, www.bund.de, karen.aulrich@vti.bund.de The analytical potential of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) for predicting the chemical composition and the amino acid contents of grain legumes was evaluated. Pea and bean samples from field trials of different organically-managed experimental locations in Germany were analysed with reference methods. The reference data were used for developing calibration equations for the main ingredients and for the estimation of the amino acids. The calibration equations were validated on a remaining sample set. The statistics of NIRS calibrations showed that the predictions were successful or satisfactory for all main ingredients. The predictions of the essential amino acids were successful and respectively, for cystine in beans satisfactory as well. The obtained results indicated that the NIRS could be successfully used for the prediction of the main ingredients and amino acids in field beans and peas and therefore to evaluate the feed quality quickly and easy. The exact calculation of feed rations seems to be possible if the samples are analysed by NIRS directly after harvesting. Key words: feed quality, legumes, near-infrared spectroscopy, amino acids, main ingredients Introduction The quality evaluation of organic feeds, especially the quick and easy determination of the main ingredients and the amino acid pattern in locally grown legumes, is very important to fulfil the requirements regarding the protein and amino acid supply of organically fed animals, especially monogastric animals. The analytical data of organic feeds, as compared with conventional table values, shows a clear deviation of protein and amino acids between conventional and organic feeds. The standard tabular values (DLG 1991) are not sufficient for the calculation of the feed rations in organic monogastric nutrition. Therefore the ability of NIRS to predict the chemical composition and the amino acids of organically grown legumes was tested. Material and methodology Pea and bean samples from field trials of different organically managed experimental locations in Germany, collected over two years, were used for the investigations. The main ingredients of the beans were determined according to VDLUFA methods (VDLUFA 1997) and amino acids by HPLC (EG 1998, Cohen and Michaud 2004). NIRS analysis was carried out with the ground samples using the Fourier-Transform NIR spectrometer (NIRLab N-200, Fa. Büchi, Essen) in the spectral range from 1000 to 2500 nm. Spectral data were exported to the NIRCal chemometric software (Fa. Büchi, Essen) and different mathematical pre-treatments were performed. Calibration equations for crude nutrients and each amino acid were developed by partial least square regression (PLS) on about two-thirds of the pea or bean samples using the results from the analytical reference methods. The calibration equations were than validated on the remaining sample sets (1/3 of pea or bean samples). The performance of the calibrations was evaluated in terms of standard error of prediction and coefficient of determination. 401
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Foreword Organic animal husbandry s
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RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.) (2012):
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Content RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.)
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Introduction RAHMANN G & GODINHO D
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Abstract RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.
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Discussion RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (E
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Factors Plant Height (cm) RAHMANN G
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Results RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.)
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