Tackling the future challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry - vTI

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! Agriculture and Forestry Research, Special Issue No 362 (Braunschweig, 2012) ISSN 0376-0723 Download: www.vti.bund.de/en/startseite/vti-publications/landbauforschung-special-issues.html bulls are registered with the national herd book as breeding bulls. Marketing by the foundation Bio- KI (Organic AI) is primarily by e-mail, and augmented by meetings with farmers, glossy flyers and newsletters. When semen is purchased and used, the calves that are born and kept for production will be registered. In this way estimated breeding values will automatically be calculated and published by the Dutch herd book organization. The direct cost of the procedure until the semen is frozen is €2500. These costs are paid by the owner/farmer who receives €5 per straw for the first 500 doses sold. The total price per straw is €8. For the first 500 doses sold, €2 goes to distribution and €1 to promotion and marketing by Bio-KI. For the second 500 doses, the farmer is paid €3, the distributor €2.50 and Bio-KI €2.50. Results The organization and set up of this breeding programme with five organic AI bulls and first sales is our first result. Table 1 shows the performance of the bulls’ (grand)parents and their (expected) breeding values. Up to June 2012, a total of 2,430 doses have been sold – 1,360 of the first bull Opneij Wytze and an average of 268 doses of each of the other bulls – to some 100 organic farmers and also some conventional farmers. The total number of doses sold will yield about 245 daughters. One bull, Bio NB Jeroen already has 11 lactating daughters from natural mating at three farms. His first breeding values for production can be found in Table 1, and he has positive breeding values for fertility, claws, udder health, character and calving ease when used on Holsteins, although the reliability of those breeding values are still low. The bull, Opneij Wytze will currently get many daughter lactating and has already a positive estimated breeding value of 105 for calving ease. Discussion Initial results are the set-up, selection and sale of bulls plus the first breeding values for calving ease results. Setting up a distinct breeding programme was described as ‘very complex’ due to the many stakeholders involved (Nauta et al., 2009). The current scheme shows us that, by using existing facilities and working with a small group of dedicated people, a breeding scheme can be achieved. A growing group of farmers, also newly converting farmers, is getting interested in buying semen from organic bulls. It is becoming clear that personal contact is important for selling semen. Breeding companies often work as a cooperation with member farmers and invest in personal contacts (meetings, farm visits) to stimulate the sales. In a scheme such as we have developed, we miss these personal contacts. More time for contacts is needed but will increase the costs. The price of semen is relatively low. Per bull, 500 straws need to be sold to recoup farmers’ direct investment. The market is formed by some 250 farms that use AI every year on some 20,000 organic milking cows plus female young stock. Pregnancy rate with AI are 50-60% so that in total > 40,000 doses would be needed for this population. However, many organic farmers breed a specific cattle breed (Nauta, 2009) and do not need semen from other breeds. About 25% of organic farms does breed purebred Holstein cows. The actual market for organic AI is thus smaller, but it should be possible to sell up to 10,000 doses per year. Selling semen is also a matter of trust. Most farmers have been members of a breeding cooperation for a long time, often following in their parents’ footsteps, and are loyal to their organisation. They are accustomed to the testing schemes and high reliabilities of estimated breeding values of conventional breeding bulls. The young bull system does not have such reliable breeding values based on statistics yet. We also select the bulls based on lifetime production. More than three lactations are needed to establish that a cow is genetically predisposed to a high lifetime production and that her performance is not due primarily to environmental factors (Haiger, 1998). To see such reliability takes time and is therefore not used as a selection criteria by most conventional breeders. Farmers have to 348
349 Table 1. Breeding information of Bio AI bulls. Bio Nieuw Bromo Jeroen Nanny 57 5 1797 52002 3,76 3,34 Mother has 100.000 kg milk, also possible for her. Bio Arkemheen 110 Sofie 104 9 3,94 Cow from excellent cow family that stayed after con- 2780 56932 3,53 version. Bio Classic Jaap Dora 69 7 47458 Strong cow with good performance in organic en- 1892 4,66 3,56 vironment. TMY= total life time milk yield, %MF= % milk fat, %MP = % milk protein. Milk production of bull mothers and farmers opinion. Mother # lact days TMY (kg) %MF %MP Farmers opinion on cow Bio Opneij Wytze P Martha 3733 3 873 21036 5.01 4.00 Cow has good conformation, very robust animal. Bio Proostmeer Henkie Boy Eentje 30 11 3581 88856 4,00 3,33 Strong Holstein cow for organic production from grass. Expected breeding values Yield Conformation Functional traits Kg % % Inet Frame Rob. Udder Legs Tot. SCC F UH CH CE Char. Milk MF MP Conv. Bio Opneij Wytze P (RHF) +447 -.12 +.03 +85 102 103 107 104 106 100 99 102 104 105* 105 Bio Proostmeer Henkie Boy (HF) -264 +.06 +.06 -32 102 103 101 99 101 101 104 102 103 106 98 Bio Nieuw Bromo Jeroen HFxGB) -1007 +.06 +.02 -221 93 97 92 100 93 101 105 102 103 101 100 Bio Arkemheen 110 (FH) -738 +.38 +.09 -116 98 99 102 97 98 104 103 105 97 104 -- Bio Classic Jaap (100% RHF) -98 -.06 -.06 -42 108 107 108 105 110 99 97 103 96 102 104 Inet = Dutch index for milk production, Rob.=robustness, SCC = somatic cell count in milk, F = fertility, UH = udder health, L = Claw health, CE = calving ease, Char.= character. Pedigree, Triple-A code and life time yield of bull mother line (mother + grandmother) Name Breed aAa* Pedigree (father line) Kg milk % MF % MP Bio Opneij Wytze P (RHF) Red-HF 231 Lawn Boy x Kian x Stadel 65.200 4,51 3,68 Bio Proostmeer Henkie Boy (HF) HF 342 Kelstein Dolman x Sunny Boy x Omar 137.834 4.03 3,32 Bio Nieuw Bromo Jeroen HFxGB) HFxGB 462 Italië’s Paul x Kelstein Crosby x Tops 159.880 4.06 3,35 Bio Arkemheen 110 (FH) DF 531 A 92 x A 57 x A 47 94.254 4,25 3,64 Bio Classic Jaap (100% RHF) Red-HF 623 Classic x Stadel x Koerier 104 114.242 4,90 3,62 HF= Holstein Friesian, GB = Groninger Blaarkop (native Dutch breed), DF = Dutch Friesian, RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.) (2012): Tackling the Future Challenges of Organic Animal Husbandry. Proceedings of the 2 nd OAHC, Hamburg/Trenthorst, Germany, Sep 12-14, 2012
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Sonderheft 362 Special Issue Tackli
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Landbauforschung vTI Agriculture an
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Foreword Organic animal husbandry s
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RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.) (2012):
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Content RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.)
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Introduction RAHMANN G & GODINHO D
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Abstract RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.
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Discussion RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (E
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Factors Plant Height (cm) RAHMANN G
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Results RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (Ed.)
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FEC adjusted for dry matter 12000 1
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Conclusions RAHMANN G & GODINHO D (
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Kg liveweight (mean) RAHMANN G & GO
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