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MOZART AND THE PRACTICE OF SACRED MUSIC, 1781-91 a ...

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estricted to only the Hofkapelle and St Stephen’s Cathedral when the archbishop<br />

officiated.” 8 These misconceptions have their origins in an account by the Berlin critic<br />

Friedrich Nicolai of a visit to Vienna in <strong>1781</strong>. Nicolai was not present in the city when the<br />

Gottesdienstordnung was introduced in 1783, and must have relied on second-hand reports<br />

when writing this passage:<br />

Bey der neuen Anordnung des Gottesdienstes im Jahre 1783 ist die figurirte und<br />

Instrumentalmusik aus den Kirchen zu Wien ganz verbannet worden. Nur bloß in der Kaiserl.<br />

Hofkapelle werden noch Messen in Musik aufgeführt; und bey St. Stephan wird, wenn der<br />

Kardinal-Erzbischoff pontificirt, noch musicirt, er muß aber die Musik besonders bezahlen. 9<br />

Nicolai’s claim may be easily dismissed: there is no reference in the Gottesdienstordnung to<br />

such arrangements at the Hofkapelle or the Cathedral, and the passage was explicitly rejected<br />

by the Viennese demographer Ignaz de Luca in 1794:<br />

Die Kirchenmusik sondert sich in die Choral- und Instrumentalmusik. Die Choralmusik ist nur<br />

in den Kirchen in Uebung, wo Chor z. B. in der Metropolitankirche, und in den Mönchkirchen<br />

gehalten wird. Die Instrumentalmusik ist unter Josephs Regierung nicht erloschen, sondern nur<br />

beschränkt worden. Man hört sie alle Sonntage in Pfarrkirchen, in den übrigen Kirchen findet sie<br />

bey hohen Festen statt. Nicht bloß in der Metropolitankirche, sondern fast alle Pfarrkirchen<br />

haben ihre eigene Kapelle...Herr Nicolai ist sehr irrig daran, wenn er glaubt, daß der Kardinal<br />

Erzbischof, wenn er pontificirt, die Musik besonders bezahlen muß. 10<br />

The importance of de Luca’s statement that Instrumentalmusik was not extinguished, merely<br />

restricted under Joseph can hardly be overestimated, and we shall see repeated confirmation<br />

of it in this dissertation. Although instrumental litanies and vespers mostly disappeared, the<br />

provision for instrumental masses on Sundays and feast days remained entirely unaffected. 11<br />

Such eucharistic services were the focal point of the church week, and included the musical<br />

8 Bruce C. Mac Intyre, “Religion and Liturgy,” in The Cambridge Mozart Encyclopedia, ed. Cliff Eisen and<br />

Simon Keefe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 414.<br />

9 Friedrich Nicolai, Beschreibung einer Reise Durch Deutschland und die Schweiz im Jahre <strong>1781</strong>, 12 vols. (Berlin<br />

and Stettin: n.p., 1783-96), iv.549-50.<br />

10 Ignaz de Luca, Topographie von Wien, 2 vols. (Vienna: Thad. Edlen von Schmidbauer und Komp., 1794),<br />

i.381-82.<br />

11 The position of instrumental vespers is rather ambiguous. Although there was no provision for them in the<br />

Gottesdienstordnung, Joseph did grant permission for Migazzi to hold them as long as they were not supported<br />

by state subsidy, as we have seen in the previous chapter; see also RGZJ, 163n31. A 1786 setting of vespers by<br />

Johann Georg Spangler, regens chori at the Michaelerkirche will be discussed in the final chapter.<br />

55

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