0 INTRODUCTION

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3. NOMINAL COMPLEMENTATION AND ARGUMENT STRUCTURE subjects can be found on both sides (see [85a] and [85b]), and there is even one instance of an objective PossP (see [86]). (85) a. (…) I wolde vpon the Kynges gracious licence or rather… (Lettpri 200:77) b. (…) as well all the remenaunt as the mayden her selfe in the presence// of all the company… (Heresies 93: 28) (86) The brother hath bene the brothers bane. (History1 41: 26) Altenberg (1982: 125) points out that, in the 17 th century, the selection between PossPs and of-PPs is a matter of stylistic preference. Thus, whereas PossPs are the preferred option in non-religious prose, they are avoided in religious texts. 3.3.2.2. By-phrases As in the case of clauses with two-argument or transitive verbs, arguments in an NP can be reorganized by a process analogous to passivization (Haegeman and Guéron 1999: 414). (87a) below illustrates an active clause whereas (87b) is its passive counterpart. In turn, (87c) and (87d) represent the nominalizations of (87a) and (87b), respectively. In (87c), the external argument of the NP, i.e. the subject, is realized by the PossP Rembrandt’s, whereas the internal argument, the patient, is realized by the of-PP of Saskia. Instance (87d) is an example of a NP in which the internal argument of the noun is realized by the PossP Saskia’s functioning as pre-head dependent, while the external argument is realized by a by-phrase, namely by Rembrandt. As happens in passive sentences (cf. [87e] below), the external argument in the passivized nominal projection is not obligatory (cf. [87f]): (87) a. Rembrandt painted Saskia. b. Saskia was painted by Rembrand. c. Rembrandt’s picture of Saskia d. Saskia’s picture by Rembrandt e. Saskia has been painted very often. f. Saskia’s picture hangs on the wall. 82
3. NOMINAL COMPLEMENTATION AND ARGUMENT STRUCTURE Despite the similarities, there exist important differences between the passivization in clauses and in NPs. One of these is that for many speakers the understood external argument in a passivized nominal construction cannot easily be understood as the controller of the subject of a rationale clause. 9 This contrast is illustrated in (88a) and (88b) below: (88) a. The city was destroyed in order to prove a point. b. *? The city’s destruction in order to prove a point Furthermore, there are cases when the by-phrase is allowed in a passive sentence, but is ungrammatical in the corresponding NP. For instance, sentence (89b) below is the passive counterpart of (89a). Here, the by-phrase by everyone is allowed whereas the insertion of the by-phrase in (89c), the nominalization corresponding to sentence (89b), yields an ungrammatical sequence. (89) a. Everybody hated the boss. b. The boss was hated by everyone. c. *The hatred of the boss by everyone Grimshaw (1990: 141) tries to explain this by referring to the differences in argument structure between nouns and verbs. She maintains that, as in the case of possessives (cf. Section 3.3.1.2 above), by-phrases are licensed by a suppressed position in argument structure, which differs from passive verbs to nominals. While in passive verbs, the suppressed argument corresponds to the most prominent argument of the verb, whereas in nominals it corresponds to an external element (Ev in event nominals) which is added in the process of nominalization (Grimshaw 1990: 141; see also Section 3.2). Thus, the external argument of the base verb which is suppressed in the process of nominalization, 9 Rationale constructions or “in order to” clauses “encode the rationale or reason, the goal to be accomplished, that results from the action/event encoded in the matrix clause. The second or complement event is to be a result of the first or matrix event; the second event serves as a motivation or rationale for doing the first event” as in, for instance, John bought Mary a book in order to please her (Cutrer 1993: 177). 83
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UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOST
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DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOLOXIA INGLESA E
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pero que se ganaron o meu cariño c
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1.3.7. Text linguistic studies ....
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY ........
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6.3.1. Frequency of nominalizations
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Table 17. Dependents of -ing and Ro
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0. INTRODUCTION It has been pointed
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0. INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 offers a
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0. INTRODUCTION conclusions reached
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION wo
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION an
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION cl
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION th
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION 1.
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION co
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION [t
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION no
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION se
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION 1.
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION si
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION [n
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY English
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Section
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Table 3.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY As can b
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Table 6.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY combinat
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY 5.2.1.2.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY and aton
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY nominal
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY (Jespers
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY (105) An
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY some cas
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY (122) (.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY respecti
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY By contr
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY of their
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6. FINDINGS 6. FINDINGS This chapte
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6. FINDINGS instance, the normalize
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6. FINDINGS in their writings since
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6. FINDINGS Table 11. Overall figur
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6. FINDINGS (151) And that is a way
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6. FINDINGS 6.1.2.1. Pre-head depen
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6. FINDINGS verbal -ing formations
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6. FINDINGS (164) M.Borrough in his
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6. FINDINGS As shown in the figure,
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6. FINDINGS (179) Lastly, it implye
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6. FINDINGS with which the gerund w
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6. FINDINGS complements of a prepos
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6. FINDINGS scientific and medical
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6. FINDINGS path-way to knowledge,
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6. FINDINGS The data presented abov
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6. FINDINGS Table 17. Dependents of
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6. FINDINGS (194) (...) so gentle m
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6. FINDINGS c. (...) he affirms tha
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6. FINDINGS expansion the point whe
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6. FINDINGS Figure 7. Earliest atte
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6. FINDINGS The data in Table 18 sh
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6. FINDINGS frequencies of 44.4 and
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6. FINDINGS that authors of surgica
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6. FINDINGS Table 20. Overall figur
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6. FINDINGS Figure 9. Suffixes used
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6. FINDINGS (210) Nor upon those wh
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6. FINDINGS Even when these texts w
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6. FINDINGS As can be seen from Tab
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6. FINDINGS vigilies, which may be
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6. FINDINGS of nominalizations in t
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6. FINDINGS Differences were also f
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7. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR
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REFERENCES Barton, David. 1994. Lit
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REFERENCES -----------. 1965. Aspec
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REFERENCES -----------. 1998. “De
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REFERENCES -----------. 2003. A Cog
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REFERENCES University of Pennsylvan
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REFERENCES Nevalainen, Terttu. 1999
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REFERENCES Russ, Charles V. J. 1982
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REFERENCES -----------. 1994b. “
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APPENDIX APPENDIX: ACTION NOMINALIZ
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APPENDIX and partly < accommodate +
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APPENDIX Tokens 8 Nominalization Ad
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APPENDIX heads with Cantharides, it
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation 1676
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APPENDIX he ceaseth not to be offic
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APPENDIX is to be done; direction,
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APPENDIX whych ben ioyned in wih th
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APPENDIX Tokens 17 Nominalization A
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APPENDIX signes of this disease: no
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APPENDIX Tokens brekynge/ for than
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APPENDIX Definition OED Bursting n.
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APPENDIX Nominalization Choosing Ba
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APPENDIX shutting; enclosing; drawi
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APPENDIX generally taken for any ki
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APPENDIX be rightly ordred & defend
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APPENDIX compression, and the offic
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APPENDIX Definition OED Concursion
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APPENDIX Conserving n., in same sen
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APPENDIX Example And therfore the s
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation c1374
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APPENDIX Tokens 14 Nominalization C
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation Examp
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APPENDIX Tokens Nominalization Base
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APPENDIX but y~ heet is meane witho
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APPENDIX bringing forth of offsprin
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APPENDIX detractynge of tyme. Gale,
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APPENDIX Base Definition Earliest a
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APPENDIX Nominalization Disclosing
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APPENDIX Base < Old French destempr
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APPENDIX Tokens is cured by diuerti
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APPENDIX Morbus. Tokens 1 Nominaliz
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation c1270
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APPENDIX Example Now it is most pro
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APPENDIX Nominalization Enjoying Ba
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APPENDIX Nominalization Base Defini
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APPENDIX examined. †1. A testing,
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APPENDIX observ’d, has any thing
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APPENDIX Base < Latin explānātiō
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APPENDIX excision or the applicatio
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Fa
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APPENDIX Nominalization Flying Base
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APPENDIX Nominalization Framing Bas
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APPENDIX continued in the state of
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APPENDIX Hooke, Life. Tokens 1 Nomi
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APPENDIX Nominalization Hurting Bas
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APPENDIX Example (...) only there i
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APPENDIX Tokens an instrument of tw
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APPENDIX through Consumptions; (...
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APPENDIX Tokens Morbus. 1 (verbal g
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APPENDIX Example The Dragon then si
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Ju
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APPENDIX Base < Old French lancier
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APPENDIX Example Tokens Nominalizat
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APPENDIX Nominalization Lucubration
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APPENDIX Base Measure (v) Definitio
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APPENDIX administration; an instanc
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APPENDIX Hippocrates [/28./] hauing
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APPENDIX fermentation, wherby the C
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APPENDIX which heer to repeate were
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APPENDIX offense) injury, wrong, an
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APPENDIX Hypochondriack patient is
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APPENDIX and knit againe after thei
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APPENDIX stem of perturbāre (to pe
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APPENDIX Definition OED Playing n.
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APPENDIX decay, or destruction; the
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Ba
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APPENDIX Tokens Nominalization Base
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APPENDIX publicly known; public not
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APPENDIX Nominalization Pursuance B
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APPENDIX declares it self in a more
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APPENDIX Decoction, which is all le
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APPENDIX Nominalization Renting Bas
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APPENDIX Example Nevertheless in re
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation ?1425
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APPENDIX Nominalization Restraining
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APPENDIX Nominalization Riding Base
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APPENDIX comprehended the arte of p
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APPENDIX Tokens 4 Nominalization Sh
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APPENDIX because the visible vertue
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APPENDIX Cf. Spring v. 9. Of condit
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APPENDIX tight, wrenching, etc.; th
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APPENDIX taking one group, matrix,
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APPENDIX something at a certain rat
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APPENDIX Tokens 17 (9 of them verba
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APPENDIX Nominalization Tension Bas
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APPENDIX Tokens 7 Nominalization Tr
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APPENDIX Definition Earliest attest
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APPENDIX Example Notwithstanding in
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APPENDIX Base Walk (v) Definition O
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation 1479-
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APPENDIX Base Wither (v) Definition
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL RESUMEN EN ESPA
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL verbos de los q
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL El análisis de
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL las formaciones
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL Gotti, Maurizio
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0 INTRODUCTION

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