0 INTRODUCTION

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6. FINDINGS 6.2.1. Romance nominalizations in relation to borrowing and other word-formation processes This section analyzes how exactly Romance nominalizations were acquired by the English language. As already mentioned, the methods available for vocabulary expansion are borrowing, affixation and the revival of obsolete native words, but in the case under discussion here only the first two apply. As Nevalainen (1999: 397) points out, it is sometimes difficult to decide whether Romance nominalizations have been borrowed or rather created in English following Romance word-formation patterns. In this dissertation, Romance nominalizations which are attested in English at an earlier date than the corresponding verbs are considered borrowings, e.g. concoction (1531 vs. concoct 1607), convulsion (1599 vs. convulse 1643). Romance nominalizations having no corresponding verb in English are also considered borrowings, e.g. friction, deligation. By contrast, it can be safely assumed that Romance nominalizations having a Romance suffix but a native base can be regarded as English coinages on Latin patterns, e.g. tillage, ailment. Finally, those Romance nominalizations attested later than their corresponding verbs or attested in the same year could be either borrowings or English coinages, so they have been classified as indeterminate, e.g. advisement (1393 vs. advise 1325), suspension (1425 vs. suspend 1425). Table 18. Romance nominalizations: borrowing vs. affixation Borrowings English Indeterminate TOTAL coinages Romance nom. 189 4 154 347 204
6. FINDINGS The data in Table 18 show that most of the novel terms in the corpora are borrowings. This preference for borrowing is also pointed out by Nevalainen (1999: 351) and Görlach (1991: 155), who claims that “the number of loanwords was incomparably higher than that of coinages formed on Latin patterns.” However, in this respect there is a contrast between my data and Moessner’s (2007) results. In her article, Moessner shows that most of the neologisms in EModE scientific texts are formed by affixation. This difference may stem from the type of data analyzed. In the first place, she uses as her source of data the OED quotations from Power’s Experimental Philosophy (1664), which yielded 699 lexemes for analysis. Secondly, she takes into account a wider variety of word classes, including adjectives such as hydrargyral or funicular and verbs such as effluviate, whereas the present research is restricted to action nouns only. Furthermore, Moessner’s data are mainly from the natural sciences whereas most of the texts used here belong to the medical field. Moessner herself has pointed out to me (personal communication) that these are quite different categories. In fact, the data in Table 9 (see Section 6.1.1 above) demonstrate that, as far as nominalizations are concerned, the differences in frequency from one text to another in the fields of scientific writing can be very great. As for actual English coinages, only four unambiguous examples were found in the corpora, all of them coinages with native bases formed on Latinate patterns (ailment, hindrance, tarriance and tillage). The scarcity of such formations can be accounted for if one bears in mind that, as pointed out by Miller (1997: 238-239), native derivational affixes are naturally attached to French stems, whereas the range of environments in which a Romance suffix is allowed is far more restrictive (cf. Section 6.1.4 above). For instance, 205
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UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOST
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DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOLOXIA INGLESA E
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pero que se ganaron o meu cariño c
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1.3.7. Text linguistic studies ....
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY ........
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6.3.1. Frequency of nominalizations
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Table 17. Dependents of -ing and Ro
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0. INTRODUCTION It has been pointed
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0. INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 offers a
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0. INTRODUCTION conclusions reached
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION wo
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY English
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Section
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Table 3.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY As can b
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Table 6.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY combinat
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY 5.2.1.2.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY and aton
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY nominal
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY (Jespers
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Page 266 and 267: REFERENCES Barton, David. 1994. Lit
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REFERENCES -----------. 2003. A Cog
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REFERENCES University of Pennsylvan
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REFERENCES Nevalainen, Terttu. 1999
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REFERENCES Russ, Charles V. J. 1982
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REFERENCES -----------. 1994b. “
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APPENDIX APPENDIX: ACTION NOMINALIZ
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APPENDIX and partly < accommodate +
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APPENDIX Tokens 8 Nominalization Ad
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APPENDIX heads with Cantharides, it
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation 1676
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APPENDIX he ceaseth not to be offic
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APPENDIX is to be done; direction,
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APPENDIX whych ben ioyned in wih th
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APPENDIX Tokens 17 Nominalization A
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APPENDIX signes of this disease: no
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APPENDIX Tokens brekynge/ for than
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APPENDIX Definition OED Bursting n.
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APPENDIX Nominalization Choosing Ba
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APPENDIX shutting; enclosing; drawi
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APPENDIX generally taken for any ki
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APPENDIX be rightly ordred & defend
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APPENDIX compression, and the offic
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APPENDIX Definition OED Concursion
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APPENDIX Conserving n., in same sen
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APPENDIX Example And therfore the s
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation c1374
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APPENDIX Tokens 14 Nominalization C
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation Examp
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APPENDIX Tokens Nominalization Base
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APPENDIX but y~ heet is meane witho
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APPENDIX bringing forth of offsprin
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APPENDIX detractynge of tyme. Gale,
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APPENDIX Base Definition Earliest a
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APPENDIX Nominalization Disclosing
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APPENDIX Base < Old French destempr
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APPENDIX Tokens is cured by diuerti
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APPENDIX Morbus. Tokens 1 Nominaliz
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation c1270
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APPENDIX Example Now it is most pro
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APPENDIX Nominalization Enjoying Ba
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APPENDIX Nominalization Base Defini
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APPENDIX examined. †1. A testing,
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APPENDIX observ’d, has any thing
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APPENDIX Base < Latin explānātiō
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APPENDIX excision or the applicatio
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Fa
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APPENDIX Nominalization Flying Base
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APPENDIX Nominalization Framing Bas
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APPENDIX continued in the state of
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APPENDIX Hooke, Life. Tokens 1 Nomi
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APPENDIX Nominalization Hurting Bas
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APPENDIX Example (...) only there i
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APPENDIX Tokens an instrument of tw
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APPENDIX through Consumptions; (...
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APPENDIX Tokens Morbus. 1 (verbal g
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APPENDIX Example The Dragon then si
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Ju
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APPENDIX Base < Old French lancier
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APPENDIX Example Tokens Nominalizat
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APPENDIX Nominalization Lucubration
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APPENDIX Base Measure (v) Definitio
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APPENDIX administration; an instanc
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APPENDIX Hippocrates [/28./] hauing
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APPENDIX fermentation, wherby the C
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APPENDIX which heer to repeate were
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APPENDIX offense) injury, wrong, an
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APPENDIX Hypochondriack patient is
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APPENDIX and knit againe after thei
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APPENDIX stem of perturbāre (to pe
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APPENDIX Definition OED Playing n.
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APPENDIX decay, or destruction; the
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Ba
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APPENDIX Tokens Nominalization Base
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APPENDIX publicly known; public not
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APPENDIX Nominalization Pursuance B
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APPENDIX declares it self in a more
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APPENDIX Decoction, which is all le
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APPENDIX Nominalization Renting Bas
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APPENDIX Example Nevertheless in re
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation ?1425
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APPENDIX Nominalization Restraining
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APPENDIX Nominalization Riding Base
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APPENDIX comprehended the arte of p
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APPENDIX Tokens 4 Nominalization Sh
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APPENDIX because the visible vertue
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APPENDIX Cf. Spring v. 9. Of condit
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APPENDIX tight, wrenching, etc.; th
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APPENDIX taking one group, matrix,
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APPENDIX something at a certain rat
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APPENDIX Tokens 17 (9 of them verba
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APPENDIX Nominalization Tension Bas
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APPENDIX Tokens 7 Nominalization Tr
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APPENDIX Definition Earliest attest
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APPENDIX Example Notwithstanding in
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APPENDIX Base Walk (v) Definition O
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation 1479-
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APPENDIX Base Wither (v) Definition
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL RESUMEN EN ESPA
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL verbos de los q
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL El análisis de
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL las formaciones
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL Gotti, Maurizio
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0 INTRODUCTION

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