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6. FINDINGS –(at)ion is the only alternative available for verbs ending in –ise, –ate, and –fy, whereas the native suffix –ing can be added to all bases. 6.2.1. The influence of translation on the acquisition of Romance nominalizations Gotti (2006: 675), among many others, has claimed that translation may favour borrowing. The aim of this section is to examine if this factor really plays a role in the increasing use of Romance nominalizations in scientific texts. For this task, the category of surgical treatises has been singled out, since there are among its texts two translations from French and Latin originals, namely, de Vigo’s Most excellent workes of chirurgerye and Chauliac’s Qvydos qvestions. The number of Romance nominalizations in these texts will be compared with their number in native texts from the same category in order to check whether significant differences are found. Table 19. Influence of translation on borrowing. Normalized frequencies per 10,000 words. (Translations from Latin or French in red) Period Title Romance nominalizations E1 (1500-1560) E2 (1560-1640) E3 (1640-1710) Handy warke of surgery 8 (14.6) Most excellent workes of chirurgerye 24 (44.4) Institution of a chirurgian 44 (81.1) Qvydos qvestions 39 (72.1) Whole art of chyrvrgerie 87 (159.8) Chyrvrgians closet 20 (38.6) Workes of that famous physitian 69 (126.4) Of wounds 74 (134) Novum lumen chirurgicum 76 (139.7) The data in Table 19 show that, except for E3, in which the number of Romance nominalizations is very similar in all texts, the amount of Romance nominalizations varies enormously from text to text. Surprisingly, none of the translations, with normalized 206
6. FINDINGS frequencies of 44.4 and 72.1 respectively, is the text showing the highest number of Romance nominalizations in its particular subperiod. However, these results should be handled with care, since they are based on a not very large set of data. By way of illustration, as can be seen in (202) and (203), two instances from translated texts, the amount of Romance nominalizations is quite similar to their number in (204) and (205) below, which are from texts originally written in English. (202) [F]or the Chyrurgions that be ignoraunt in the Anatomie, maye erre in many manners in their incision of sinues and their knittings, the which if they knew the nature of euery member, their setting and collygation that they haue in all the body, and with euery onely member perticular, if it did happen that they were hurt they should know if that sinewes were cut or not (E2 1579 Chauliac Qvydos qvestions Surgery) (203) Secondly it is to bee noted that there be two manners of regeneration. One is very regenartion, which is very reformation of the member in the selfe same substaunce, forme, qualytie and quantitie: and other such accidents properly as it was afore the corruption and alteration. And the other is regeneration not very, but like therto as nigh as may be. (E2 1579 Chauliac Qvydos qvestions Surgery) (204) [}Pet.}] Which are causes? [} Ioh.}] Some are interne, and some externe. Interne, as grosse humor, which moysten the nerues in the braines and marrow, which let the vitall spirit to passe. Externe are wounds, incision, falls, strokes, contusion, aposthume, cold bandage, all outward things that may let the animall spirit to passe. (E2 1612 Lowe Whole art of chyrvrgerie Surgery) (205) Thirdly, the amputation of a limme by reason of a mortification, or some other accident. Here shall be set downe the most accurate method of dismembring. Fourthly, the extirpation of any part, as the breast, when a cancerous either tumor or ulcer doth possesse it (E3 1650 Read Workes of that famous physitian Surgery) In both E1 and E2, the texts showing the highest frequency of Romance nominalizations are texts originally written in English. Two main reasons can be found for 207
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UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOST
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DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOLOXIA INGLESA E
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pero que se ganaron o meu cariño c
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1.3.7. Text linguistic studies ....
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY ........
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6.3.1. Frequency of nominalizations
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Table 17. Dependents of -ing and Ro
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0. INTRODUCTION It has been pointed
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0. INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 offers a
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0. INTRODUCTION conclusions reached
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2. -ING NOMINALS: ORIGINS AND DEVEL
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY English
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Section
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Table 3.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Table 6.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY 5.2.1.2.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY and aton
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY nominal
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY some cas
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Page 266 and 267: REFERENCES Barton, David. 1994. Lit
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REFERENCES University of Pennsylvan
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REFERENCES Nevalainen, Terttu. 1999
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REFERENCES Russ, Charles V. J. 1982
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REFERENCES -----------. 1994b. “
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APPENDIX APPENDIX: ACTION NOMINALIZ
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APPENDIX and partly < accommodate +
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APPENDIX Tokens 8 Nominalization Ad
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APPENDIX heads with Cantharides, it
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation 1676
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APPENDIX he ceaseth not to be offic
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APPENDIX is to be done; direction,
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APPENDIX whych ben ioyned in wih th
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APPENDIX Tokens 17 Nominalization A
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APPENDIX signes of this disease: no
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APPENDIX Tokens brekynge/ for than
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APPENDIX Definition OED Bursting n.
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APPENDIX Nominalization Choosing Ba
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APPENDIX shutting; enclosing; drawi
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APPENDIX generally taken for any ki
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APPENDIX be rightly ordred & defend
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APPENDIX compression, and the offic
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APPENDIX Definition OED Concursion
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APPENDIX Conserving n., in same sen
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APPENDIX Example And therfore the s
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation c1374
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APPENDIX Tokens 14 Nominalization C
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation Examp
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APPENDIX Tokens Nominalization Base
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APPENDIX but y~ heet is meane witho
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APPENDIX bringing forth of offsprin
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APPENDIX detractynge of tyme. Gale,
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APPENDIX Base Definition Earliest a
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APPENDIX Nominalization Disclosing
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APPENDIX Base < Old French destempr
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APPENDIX Tokens is cured by diuerti
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APPENDIX Morbus. Tokens 1 Nominaliz
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation c1270
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APPENDIX Example Now it is most pro
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APPENDIX Nominalization Enjoying Ba
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APPENDIX Nominalization Base Defini
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APPENDIX examined. †1. A testing,
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APPENDIX observ’d, has any thing
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APPENDIX Base < Latin explānātiō
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APPENDIX excision or the applicatio
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Fa
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APPENDIX Nominalization Flying Base
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APPENDIX Nominalization Framing Bas
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APPENDIX continued in the state of
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APPENDIX Hooke, Life. Tokens 1 Nomi
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APPENDIX Nominalization Hurting Bas
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APPENDIX Example (...) only there i
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APPENDIX Tokens an instrument of tw
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APPENDIX through Consumptions; (...
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APPENDIX Tokens Morbus. 1 (verbal g
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APPENDIX Example The Dragon then si
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Ju
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APPENDIX Base < Old French lancier
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APPENDIX Example Tokens Nominalizat
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APPENDIX Nominalization Lucubration
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APPENDIX Base Measure (v) Definitio
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APPENDIX administration; an instanc
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APPENDIX Hippocrates [/28./] hauing
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APPENDIX fermentation, wherby the C
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APPENDIX which heer to repeate were
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APPENDIX offense) injury, wrong, an
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APPENDIX Hypochondriack patient is
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APPENDIX and knit againe after thei
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APPENDIX stem of perturbāre (to pe
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APPENDIX Definition OED Playing n.
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APPENDIX decay, or destruction; the
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Ba
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APPENDIX Tokens Nominalization Base
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APPENDIX publicly known; public not
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APPENDIX Nominalization Pursuance B
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APPENDIX declares it self in a more
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APPENDIX Decoction, which is all le
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APPENDIX Nominalization Renting Bas
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APPENDIX Example Nevertheless in re
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation ?1425
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APPENDIX Nominalization Restraining
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APPENDIX Nominalization Riding Base
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APPENDIX comprehended the arte of p
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APPENDIX Tokens 4 Nominalization Sh
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APPENDIX because the visible vertue
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APPENDIX Cf. Spring v. 9. Of condit
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APPENDIX tight, wrenching, etc.; th
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APPENDIX taking one group, matrix,
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APPENDIX something at a certain rat
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APPENDIX Tokens 17 (9 of them verba
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APPENDIX Nominalization Tension Bas
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APPENDIX Tokens 7 Nominalization Tr
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APPENDIX Definition Earliest attest
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APPENDIX Example Notwithstanding in
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APPENDIX Base Walk (v) Definition O
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation 1479-
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APPENDIX Base Wither (v) Definition
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL RESUMEN EN ESPA
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL verbos de los q
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL El análisis de
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL las formaciones
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL Gotti, Maurizio
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0 INTRODUCTION

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