0 INTRODUCTION

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6. FINDINGS Table 22. Number of bases specific to a kind of audience Remedy books Surgical trs. Academic trs. –ing 41 98 127 –(at)ion 18 75 68 –ment 1 5 9 –ance 3 2 16 –age 1 2 1 –ure - 3 2 –al - - - TOTAL 59 185 214 Table 22 shows that specific bases are more frequent in surgical and academic treatises. When bases are shared by texts for popular and learned audiences, the vast majority of these are common, everyday words, of native origin such as bruise, drink, run and stand. As Table 20 above shows, texts for specialists have a preference for Romance nominalizations. For example, surgical and academic treatises show a high number of Romance bases, including compromise, discover and purify. This may be a consequence of their learned audience, as well as of the Romance substratum of these categories (see sections 4.5.2.1 and 4.5.2.2 above). However, the frequency of native formations here is still noticeable. On the other hand, as I observed in Section 6.3.1 above, texts for popular audiences present quite a small number of Romance nominalizations compared to both surgical and academic treatises. Thus, bases used with the –(at)ion suffix, the most frequent Romance suffix (see Figures 10, 11 and 12 above) are more than three times as numerous in academic treatises than in remedy books. It was often made explicit in texts, however, that even learned audiences might have problems with these foreign terms, as examples (217) and (218) show. Instance (217) is particularly illustrative. Three native nominalizations (overwaking, breathing and drawing) are used to explain not only Romance words such as 220
6. FINDINGS vigilies, which may be obscure for the reader, but also the hybrid nominalizations ventilating and attracting, which must already have been integrated in the language, given that their Romance bases are employed in the creation of a formation with the native –ing suffix. Nevertheless, the author prefers to leave no room for doubt, and hence introduces a native equivalent. 21 Instance (218) illustrates in turn how some of the Romance nominalizations already known to the audience are also used to clarify the meaning of those Romance words with a more obscure meaning. So, diminution and extenuation are used in the definition of a true and false Marasmus. We might also note that the author decides to give a native equivalent for extenuation, since this Romance term may itself have been obscure for his audience. (217) Add hereunto the continual vigilies (overwaking, or want of sleep,) melancholique, sorry, dull, lingring passions, the said Hypochondriack patient is præcipitated (forced) into, whereby the spirits being rendred dull, stupid, languid (fainting), and suppressed, are deserted (left) incapable of ventilating (breathing) and purifying the blood, and debilitated (weakened) in attracting (drawing) nutriment for the parts, which consequently must wither and shrink. (E3 1666 Harvey Morbus anglicus Academic) (218) A Marasmus is otherwise distinguish’d into true and false. The former is an equal diminution of all the parts of the body; the latter is an extenuation (shrinking) of a single part only. (E3 1666 Harvey Morbus anglicus Academic) As pointed out in sections 6.1.4 and 6.2.2 above, both native and Romance bases combine with the –ing suffix (e.g. swimming, curing), whereas hybrids formed from native 21 The same technique of clarification is applied to foreign adjectives such as præecipitated, languid, deserted or debilitated, although these fall outside the scope of this study. 221
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UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOST
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DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOLOXIA INGLESA E
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pero que se ganaron o meu cariño c
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1.3.7. Text linguistic studies ....
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY ........
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6.3.1. Frequency of nominalizations
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Table 17. Dependents of -ing and Ro
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0. INTRODUCTION It has been pointed
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0. INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 offers a
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0. INTRODUCTION conclusions reached
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY English
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY nominal
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6. FINDINGS 6. FINDINGS This chapte
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Page 266 and 267: REFERENCES Barton, David. 1994. Lit
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Page 276 and 277: REFERENCES Nevalainen, Terttu. 1999
Page 278 and 279: REFERENCES Russ, Charles V. J. 1982
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Page 283 and 284: APPENDIX APPENDIX: ACTION NOMINALIZ
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APPENDIX heads with Cantharides, it
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation 1676
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APPENDIX he ceaseth not to be offic
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APPENDIX is to be done; direction,
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APPENDIX whych ben ioyned in wih th
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APPENDIX Tokens 17 Nominalization A
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APPENDIX signes of this disease: no
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APPENDIX Tokens brekynge/ for than
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APPENDIX Definition OED Bursting n.
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APPENDIX Nominalization Choosing Ba
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APPENDIX shutting; enclosing; drawi
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APPENDIX generally taken for any ki
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APPENDIX be rightly ordred & defend
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APPENDIX compression, and the offic
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APPENDIX Definition OED Concursion
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APPENDIX Conserving n., in same sen
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APPENDIX Example And therfore the s
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation c1374
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APPENDIX Tokens 14 Nominalization C
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation Examp
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APPENDIX Tokens Nominalization Base
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APPENDIX but y~ heet is meane witho
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APPENDIX bringing forth of offsprin
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APPENDIX detractynge of tyme. Gale,
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APPENDIX Base Definition Earliest a
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APPENDIX Nominalization Disclosing
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APPENDIX Base < Old French destempr
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APPENDIX Tokens is cured by diuerti
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APPENDIX Morbus. Tokens 1 Nominaliz
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation c1270
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APPENDIX Example Now it is most pro
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APPENDIX Nominalization Enjoying Ba
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APPENDIX Nominalization Base Defini
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APPENDIX examined. †1. A testing,
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APPENDIX observ’d, has any thing
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APPENDIX Base < Latin explānātiō
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APPENDIX excision or the applicatio
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Fa
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APPENDIX Nominalization Flying Base
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APPENDIX Nominalization Framing Bas
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APPENDIX continued in the state of
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APPENDIX Hooke, Life. Tokens 1 Nomi
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APPENDIX Nominalization Hurting Bas
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APPENDIX Example (...) only there i
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APPENDIX Tokens an instrument of tw
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APPENDIX through Consumptions; (...
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APPENDIX Tokens Morbus. 1 (verbal g
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APPENDIX Example The Dragon then si
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Ju
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APPENDIX Base < Old French lancier
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APPENDIX Example Tokens Nominalizat
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APPENDIX Nominalization Lucubration
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APPENDIX Base Measure (v) Definitio
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APPENDIX administration; an instanc
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APPENDIX Hippocrates [/28./] hauing
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APPENDIX fermentation, wherby the C
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APPENDIX which heer to repeate were
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APPENDIX offense) injury, wrong, an
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APPENDIX Hypochondriack patient is
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APPENDIX and knit againe after thei
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APPENDIX stem of perturbāre (to pe
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APPENDIX Definition OED Playing n.
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APPENDIX decay, or destruction; the
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Ba
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APPENDIX Tokens Nominalization Base
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APPENDIX publicly known; public not
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APPENDIX Nominalization Pursuance B
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APPENDIX declares it self in a more
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APPENDIX Decoction, which is all le
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APPENDIX Nominalization Renting Bas
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APPENDIX Example Nevertheless in re
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation ?1425
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APPENDIX Nominalization Restraining
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APPENDIX Nominalization Riding Base
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APPENDIX comprehended the arte of p
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APPENDIX Tokens 4 Nominalization Sh
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APPENDIX because the visible vertue
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APPENDIX Cf. Spring v. 9. Of condit
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APPENDIX tight, wrenching, etc.; th
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APPENDIX taking one group, matrix,
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APPENDIX something at a certain rat
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APPENDIX Nominalization Tension Bas
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APPENDIX Tokens 7 Nominalization Tr
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APPENDIX Definition Earliest attest
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APPENDIX Example Notwithstanding in
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APPENDIX Base Walk (v) Definition O
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation 1479-
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APPENDIX Base Wither (v) Definition
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL RESUMEN EN ESPA
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL verbos de los q
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL El análisis de
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL las formaciones
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL Gotti, Maurizio
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0 INTRODUCTION

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