0 INTRODUCTION

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6. FINDINGS amount of those appearing in natural science texts, which would imply a bigger difference between the normalized frequencies of the total for natural sciences and medical texts. Table 9. Overall figures for nominalizations in PPCEME, per type of text and subperiod (normalized frequencies per 10,000 words in brackets) E1 E2 E3 TOTAL (1500-1570) (1570-1640) (1640-1710) Natural sc. 49 (35.1) 96 (69.7) 306 (129.4) 451 (88.2) Medical texts 117 (89.6) 179 (119.5) - 296 (105.5) TOTAL 166 (61.4) 275 (95.7) 306 (129.4) 747 (94.3) What is undeniably confirmed by the data from both corpora (see Table 8 above) is that nominalizations tend to increase in frequency in the course of time. Thus, the number of nominalizations in E1 (normalized frequency: 90.5) almost doubles in E3 (normalized frequency: 173). The increase is even more noticeable if we consider Romance nominalizations (see Table 10), which in E3 show a normalized frequency of occurrence three times higher than in E1 (101.4 vs. 36.7). Table 10. Overall figures for –ing and Romance nominalizations from both corpora, per subperiod (normalized frequencies per 10,000 words in brackets) E1 E2 E3 TOTAL (1500-1570) (1570-1640) (1640-1710) –ing nominals 404 (53.9) 476 (61.9) 514 (71.6) 1,394 (62.3) Romance nom. 275 (36.7) 447 (58.2) 728 (101.4) 1,450 (64.8) TOTAL 679 (90.5) 923 (120.1) 1242 (173) 2,844 (127.2) A possible explanation for this fact may be that scientific English was starting to develop. It is usually said that the time when scientific English properly emerged was the late seventeenth century, when Newton used the vernacular language instead of Latin to publish his works (Banks 2008: 23). However, many other authors had been using English 168
6. FINDINGS in their writings since the time of Chaucer or even earlier, as medical texts such as remedy books were originally written in English already in OE (see Section 4.5.2.3). However, the first authors who used English in their scientific writings were aware of the lack of eloquence of the vernacular, and tried to adapt it in order to make it suitable for the transmission of scientific knowledge. One of their main strategies was the use of Romance words in their texts. Latin was the lingua franca used in science and French the language spoken by the upper classes since the Norman Conquest in 1066 (see Section 6.2 for further details). Thus, the prestigious status of these two languages favoured the extensive acquisition of nominalizations from these languages. Take, for instance, the passage below. (145) The deflux of an humor from the braine is called a rheume, which is the mother of many diseases. For somtimes it taketh course to the eyes, and thereof commeth a dropping and inflammation of the eyes, and a dimnesse and losse of sight; (...) sometimes to the mouth, and causeth great expuition, and spitting, and the falling of the uvula, and toothach; (...) somtimes to the lungs, and causeth exulceration or putrifaction thereof, or some great obstruction, which bringeth a difficulty of breathing and strangulation; sometimes it taketh course to the stomach, and causeth lack of appetite and ill digestion; (...) or in the conducts that convey the power of hearing unto the eares, and there causeth a dulnesse of hearing or deafnesse; or in the conducts that convey the power of smelling to the nose, and cause either a lack or losse of swelling; (...) (E2 1633 Holland Gutta podagrica Academic) Example (145) shows a high number of Romance nominalizations such as inflammation, expuition, exulceration, putrifaction, strangulation and (ill) digestion, which name different ailments caused by rheumatism. These Romance formations coexist with native formations such as dropping, spitting, breathing, hearing, smelling and swelling. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that –ing formations, as Romance nominalizations, also 169
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UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOST
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DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOLOXIA INGLESA E
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pero que se ganaron o meu cariño c
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1.3.7. Text linguistic studies ....
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY ........
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6.3.1. Frequency of nominalizations
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Table 17. Dependents of -ing and Ro
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0. INTRODUCTION It has been pointed
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0. INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 offers a
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0. INTRODUCTION conclusions reached
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION wo
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2. -ING NOMINALS: ORIGINS AND DEVEL
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6. FINDINGS vigilies, which may be
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6. FINDINGS of nominalizations in t
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6. FINDINGS Differences were also f
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7. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR
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REFERENCES Barton, David. 1994. Lit
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REFERENCES -----------. 1965. Aspec
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REFERENCES -----------. 1998. “De
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REFERENCES -----------. 2003. A Cog
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REFERENCES University of Pennsylvan
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REFERENCES Nevalainen, Terttu. 1999
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REFERENCES Russ, Charles V. J. 1982
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REFERENCES -----------. 1994b. “
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APPENDIX APPENDIX: ACTION NOMINALIZ
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APPENDIX and partly < accommodate +
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APPENDIX Tokens 8 Nominalization Ad
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APPENDIX heads with Cantharides, it
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation 1676
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APPENDIX he ceaseth not to be offic
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APPENDIX is to be done; direction,
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APPENDIX whych ben ioyned in wih th
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APPENDIX Tokens 17 Nominalization A
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APPENDIX signes of this disease: no
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APPENDIX Tokens brekynge/ for than
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APPENDIX Definition OED Bursting n.
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APPENDIX Nominalization Choosing Ba
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APPENDIX shutting; enclosing; drawi
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APPENDIX generally taken for any ki
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APPENDIX be rightly ordred & defend
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APPENDIX compression, and the offic
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APPENDIX Definition OED Concursion
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APPENDIX Conserving n., in same sen
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APPENDIX Example And therfore the s
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation c1374
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APPENDIX Tokens 14 Nominalization C
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation Examp
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APPENDIX Tokens Nominalization Base
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APPENDIX but y~ heet is meane witho
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APPENDIX bringing forth of offsprin
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APPENDIX detractynge of tyme. Gale,
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APPENDIX Base Definition Earliest a
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APPENDIX Nominalization Disclosing
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APPENDIX Base < Old French destempr
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APPENDIX Tokens is cured by diuerti
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APPENDIX Morbus. Tokens 1 Nominaliz
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation c1270
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APPENDIX Example Now it is most pro
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APPENDIX Nominalization Enjoying Ba
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APPENDIX Nominalization Base Defini
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APPENDIX examined. †1. A testing,
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APPENDIX observ’d, has any thing
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APPENDIX Base < Latin explānātiō
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APPENDIX excision or the applicatio
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Fa
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APPENDIX Nominalization Flying Base
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APPENDIX Nominalization Framing Bas
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APPENDIX continued in the state of
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APPENDIX Hooke, Life. Tokens 1 Nomi
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APPENDIX Nominalization Hurting Bas
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APPENDIX Example (...) only there i
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APPENDIX Tokens an instrument of tw
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APPENDIX through Consumptions; (...
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APPENDIX Tokens Morbus. 1 (verbal g
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APPENDIX Example The Dragon then si
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Ju
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APPENDIX Base < Old French lancier
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APPENDIX Example Tokens Nominalizat
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APPENDIX Nominalization Lucubration
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APPENDIX Base Measure (v) Definitio
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APPENDIX administration; an instanc
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APPENDIX Hippocrates [/28./] hauing
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APPENDIX fermentation, wherby the C
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APPENDIX which heer to repeate were
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APPENDIX offense) injury, wrong, an
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APPENDIX Hypochondriack patient is
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APPENDIX and knit againe after thei
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APPENDIX stem of perturbāre (to pe
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APPENDIX Definition OED Playing n.
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APPENDIX decay, or destruction; the
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Ba
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APPENDIX Tokens Nominalization Base
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APPENDIX publicly known; public not
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APPENDIX Nominalization Pursuance B
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APPENDIX declares it self in a more
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APPENDIX Decoction, which is all le
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APPENDIX Nominalization Renting Bas
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APPENDIX Example Nevertheless in re
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation ?1425
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APPENDIX Nominalization Restraining
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APPENDIX Nominalization Riding Base
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APPENDIX comprehended the arte of p
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APPENDIX Tokens 4 Nominalization Sh
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APPENDIX because the visible vertue
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APPENDIX Cf. Spring v. 9. Of condit
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APPENDIX tight, wrenching, etc.; th
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APPENDIX taking one group, matrix,
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APPENDIX something at a certain rat
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APPENDIX Tokens 17 (9 of them verba
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APPENDIX Nominalization Tension Bas
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APPENDIX Tokens 7 Nominalization Tr
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APPENDIX Definition Earliest attest
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APPENDIX Example Notwithstanding in
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APPENDIX Base Walk (v) Definition O
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation 1479-
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APPENDIX Base Wither (v) Definition
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL RESUMEN EN ESPA
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL verbos de los q
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL El análisis de
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL las formaciones
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL Gotti, Maurizio
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0 INTRODUCTION

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