0 INTRODUCTION

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3. NOMINAL COMPLEMENTATION AND ARGUMENT STRUCTURE b. an Oxford student As Fanego (1998) shows, from EModE pre-head noun dependents functioning as the subject argument of a gerund (see [69] below) can also be found. Occasionally, we also come accross nouns functioning as pre-head dependents which correspond to the semantic object of the verbal gerund (cf. [69]). They were not very frequent in EModE due to the fixation of (S)VO in all kinds of clauses (Fanego 1998: 94). However, they were relatively frequent in ME, when the OV order was still common (see Tajima 1985a: 45-60, Visser 1963-1973: §§1108ff). (69) no Exceptions were to be taken to them, but only for their upright Honesties, notwithstanding the Attorney prompting Sergeant Dier (Fanego 1998: 91) (70) (...) and herein you shall finde that an inch straightning, or an inch inlarging, will adde or abate at least halfe a foote in his full and direct stroake. (Fanego 1998: 94) 3.3.1.5. Adverbs and adverbial phrases Pullum and Huddleston (2002a: 563) point out that the defining feature of adverbs is that they “characteristically modify verbs and other categories except nouns, especially adjectives and adverbs.” However, locative and temporal adverbials in post-head position can also modify nouns, both in PDE (see [71a] and [71b]) and in previous stages of the language ([71c]; see Jack 1988: 56; Fanego 1996: 109). (71) a. the shop on the corner b. circumstances today c. his tenantʒ there Apart from locative and temporal adverbials, Alexiadou and Grimshaw (2008) also concede that complex event nominals can contain some adverbs, though only in post-head position as well (see [72a] and [72b] below). (72) a. The arrival of the trains promptly at the station... b. His careful destruction of the documents immediately.... 74
3. NOMINAL COMPLEMENTATION AND ARGUMENT STRUCTURE In addition, as made clear in Chapter 1, the present study also examines verbal gerunds, and naturally one of their defining characteristics is that they can be modified by adverbs and adverbial adjuncts like any other VP (Jespersen 1940 [1909] Vol. V: 89-90, Fanego 1996: 98). (73) a. my quietly leaving b. *my quietly voice (Fanego 1996: 108-109) Once the reasons for including adverbs in the analysis have been clarified, some remarks on the category adverb are in order. Huddleston (2002c: 57-58) refers to adverbs as “the least homogeneous of the traditional parts of speech.” This statement is better understood if we take into account the multiple contexts in which adverbs can be used, and the huge range of categories they can modify, namely verbs (cf. [74a] below), adjectives (cf. [74b]), adverbs (cf. [74c]) and NPs (cf. [74d]). (74) a. She [almost died]. b. An [almost inaudible] response c. He spoke [almost inaudibly]. d. They ate [almost the whole pie] (Huddleston 2002c: 57). It must also be taken into account that not all adverbs can modify heads belonging to all these categories, which makes the picture even more heterogeneous. In the chapter on “Adjectives and adverbs,” Pullum and Huddleston (2002a: 562-565) try to delimit the category ‘adverb,’ emphasizing its heterogeneity at the same time. They concede that almost is the most “versatile” adverb, since it can occur with verbs, adjectives, adverbs and NPs (as exemplified above), but also with determiners (cf. [75a]) and PPs (cf. [75b]). (75) a. [Almost all] the candidates failed. b. They are [almost without equal]. On the other hand, there are adverbs, such as very or too, that, despite modifying adjectives, adverbs and a few PPs, are far removed from the prototypical adverb due to 75
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UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOST
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DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOLOXIA INGLESA E
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pero que se ganaron o meu cariño c
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1.3.7. Text linguistic studies ....
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY ........
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6.3.1. Frequency of nominalizations
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Table 17. Dependents of -ing and Ro
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0. INTRODUCTION It has been pointed
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0. INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 offers a
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0. INTRODUCTION conclusions reached
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION wo
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION an
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION cl
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION th
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION 1.
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION co
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION [t
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION no
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4. RHETORIC AND THE WORLD OF SCIENC
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY English
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Section
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Table 3.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY As can b
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Table 6.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY combinat
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY 5.2.1.2.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY and aton
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY nominal
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY (Jespers
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY (105) An
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY some cas
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY (122) (.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY respecti
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY By contr
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY of their
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6. FINDINGS 6. FINDINGS This chapte
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6. FINDINGS instance, the normalize
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6. FINDINGS in their writings since
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6. FINDINGS Table 11. Overall figur
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6. FINDINGS (151) And that is a way
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6. FINDINGS 6.1.2.1. Pre-head depen
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6. FINDINGS verbal -ing formations
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6. FINDINGS (164) M.Borrough in his
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6. FINDINGS As shown in the figure,
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6. FINDINGS (179) Lastly, it implye
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6. FINDINGS with which the gerund w
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6. FINDINGS complements of a prepos
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6. FINDINGS scientific and medical
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6. FINDINGS path-way to knowledge,
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6. FINDINGS The data presented abov
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6. FINDINGS Table 17. Dependents of
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6. FINDINGS (194) (...) so gentle m
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6. FINDINGS c. (...) he affirms tha
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6. FINDINGS expansion the point whe
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6. FINDINGS Figure 7. Earliest atte
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6. FINDINGS The data in Table 18 sh
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6. FINDINGS frequencies of 44.4 and
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6. FINDINGS that authors of surgica
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6. FINDINGS Table 20. Overall figur
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6. FINDINGS Figure 9. Suffixes used
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6. FINDINGS (210) Nor upon those wh
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6. FINDINGS Even when these texts w
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6. FINDINGS As can be seen from Tab
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6. FINDINGS vigilies, which may be
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6. FINDINGS of nominalizations in t
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6. FINDINGS Differences were also f
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7. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR
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REFERENCES Barton, David. 1994. Lit
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REFERENCES -----------. 1965. Aspec
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REFERENCES -----------. 1998. “De
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REFERENCES -----------. 2003. A Cog
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REFERENCES University of Pennsylvan
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REFERENCES Nevalainen, Terttu. 1999
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REFERENCES Russ, Charles V. J. 1982
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REFERENCES -----------. 1994b. “
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APPENDIX APPENDIX: ACTION NOMINALIZ
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APPENDIX and partly < accommodate +
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APPENDIX Tokens 8 Nominalization Ad
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APPENDIX heads with Cantharides, it
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation 1676
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APPENDIX he ceaseth not to be offic
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APPENDIX is to be done; direction,
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APPENDIX whych ben ioyned in wih th
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APPENDIX Tokens 17 Nominalization A
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APPENDIX signes of this disease: no
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APPENDIX Tokens brekynge/ for than
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APPENDIX Definition OED Bursting n.
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APPENDIX Nominalization Choosing Ba
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APPENDIX shutting; enclosing; drawi
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APPENDIX generally taken for any ki
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APPENDIX be rightly ordred & defend
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APPENDIX compression, and the offic
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APPENDIX Definition OED Concursion
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APPENDIX Conserving n., in same sen
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APPENDIX Example And therfore the s
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation c1374
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APPENDIX Tokens 14 Nominalization C
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation Examp
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APPENDIX Tokens Nominalization Base
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APPENDIX but y~ heet is meane witho
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APPENDIX bringing forth of offsprin
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APPENDIX detractynge of tyme. Gale,
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APPENDIX Base Definition Earliest a
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APPENDIX Nominalization Disclosing
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APPENDIX Base < Old French destempr
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APPENDIX Tokens is cured by diuerti
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APPENDIX Morbus. Tokens 1 Nominaliz
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation c1270
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APPENDIX Example Now it is most pro
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APPENDIX Nominalization Enjoying Ba
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APPENDIX Nominalization Base Defini
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APPENDIX examined. †1. A testing,
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APPENDIX observ’d, has any thing
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APPENDIX Base < Latin explānātiō
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APPENDIX excision or the applicatio
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Fa
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APPENDIX Nominalization Flying Base
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APPENDIX Nominalization Framing Bas
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APPENDIX continued in the state of
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APPENDIX Hooke, Life. Tokens 1 Nomi
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APPENDIX Nominalization Hurting Bas
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APPENDIX Example (...) only there i
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APPENDIX Tokens an instrument of tw
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APPENDIX through Consumptions; (...
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APPENDIX Tokens Morbus. 1 (verbal g
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APPENDIX Example The Dragon then si
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Ju
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APPENDIX Base < Old French lancier
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APPENDIX Example Tokens Nominalizat
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APPENDIX Nominalization Lucubration
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APPENDIX Base Measure (v) Definitio
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APPENDIX administration; an instanc
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APPENDIX Hippocrates [/28./] hauing
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APPENDIX fermentation, wherby the C
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APPENDIX which heer to repeate were
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APPENDIX offense) injury, wrong, an
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APPENDIX Hypochondriack patient is
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APPENDIX and knit againe after thei
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APPENDIX stem of perturbāre (to pe
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APPENDIX Definition OED Playing n.
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APPENDIX decay, or destruction; the
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Ba
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APPENDIX Tokens Nominalization Base
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APPENDIX publicly known; public not
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APPENDIX Nominalization Pursuance B
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APPENDIX declares it self in a more
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APPENDIX Decoction, which is all le
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APPENDIX Nominalization Renting Bas
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APPENDIX Example Nevertheless in re
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation ?1425
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APPENDIX Nominalization Restraining
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APPENDIX Nominalization Riding Base
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APPENDIX comprehended the arte of p
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APPENDIX Tokens 4 Nominalization Sh
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APPENDIX because the visible vertue
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APPENDIX Cf. Spring v. 9. Of condit
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APPENDIX tight, wrenching, etc.; th
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APPENDIX taking one group, matrix,
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APPENDIX something at a certain rat
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APPENDIX Tokens 17 (9 of them verba
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APPENDIX Nominalization Tension Bas
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APPENDIX Tokens 7 Nominalization Tr
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APPENDIX Definition Earliest attest
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APPENDIX Example Notwithstanding in
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APPENDIX Base Walk (v) Definition O
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation 1479-
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APPENDIX Base Wither (v) Definition
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL RESUMEN EN ESPA
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL verbos de los q
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL El análisis de
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL las formaciones
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL Gotti, Maurizio
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0 INTRODUCTION

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