0 INTRODUCTION

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6. FINDINGS accomplishment, passage), which indicates that these words might in fact be borrowings from Latin or French, rather than nominalizations formed in English using a Romance suffix (see Section 6.2 below for further details). In the corpora, the only instances of hybrid nominalizations formed from a native base and a Romance suffix are ailment, hindrance, tarriance and tillage. Interestingly, none of them is formed with the most common Romance suffix in the data, i.e. –(at)ion, but with suffixes showing much lower frequencies of use. This is surprising since it could be expected that the higher frequency of –(at)ion might have an impact on its analyzability and transparency to create action nouns also from Germanic bases. However, as Miller (1997: 238-239) shows, the range of bases to which Romance suffixes can be added is far more restricted than the number of bases allowing the native suffix –ing (see Section 6.2.2 for further details). 6.1.5. Doublets and nominalization Complete synonymy in language is said not to occur because it goes against the principle of economy; that is, two ways of referring to the same thing are usually avoided. However, when evidence from real language in use is considered, it is relatively common, for example, to find two different nominalizations coexisting, known as doublets, deriving from the same verbal root, as is the case of declaring and declaration, both deriving from the verb declare. As can be seen in (184) and (185) below, there is no apparent difference in meaning, both members of the doublet referring to the action of the base verb. (184) Nowe the thirde way to knowe what thing Chirurgerie is, It is also to be knowen by his beeing or declaring of his owne properties, (…) (E1 1548 Vicary The anatomie of the bodie of man) (185) your eye may iudg without muche declaracion, so that I shall not neede to make more exposition therof, (…) (E1 1551 Record The 190
6. FINDINGS path-way to knowledge, containing the first principles of geometrie) The aim of this section, therefore, is analyzing the possible structural differences between doublets that may have led to the coexistence of both kinds of nominalizations. After consulting the OED, it is clear that there is a tendency for Romance nominalizations to be used as both action and result nominals, whereas in the case of –ing nominals the stronger tendency is for them to be used only as action nouns. However, this difference cannot serve to account for the existence of the doublets considered in the current study because, as noted earlier, only action nouns have been considered here. Therefore, aspects such as chronology, frequency, and types of dependents were assessed to try to account for the coexistence of doublets. 6.1.5.1. Overview of the data A total of 102 doublets were found in the corpora. Five of these are doublets formed from Romance bases to which two different Romance suffixes are added, as in continuance/continuation. However, the majority of the doublets in my data are formed from a Romance verbal base, one member showing a Romance suffix, and the other the native suffix –ing; exceptions are hindering/hindrance and stoppage/stopping, whose bases are Germanic. More specifically, one of these doublets is actually a triplet. This triplet has the native suffix –ing and the Romance –(at)ion, which is attached to two variants of the same root, giving as a result the triplet union/unition/uniting. When looking at the Romance suffixes used, five different suffixes were found, namely, –(at)ion, –ment, –ance, –age and –ure. Of these five, –(at)ion is by far the most frequent since it was used 191
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UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOST
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DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOLOXIA INGLESA E
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pero que se ganaron o meu cariño c
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1.3.7. Text linguistic studies ....
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY ........
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6.3.1. Frequency of nominalizations
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Table 17. Dependents of -ing and Ro
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0. INTRODUCTION It has been pointed
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0. INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 offers a
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0. INTRODUCTION conclusions reached
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION wo
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION an
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION 1.
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION [t
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION no
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION se
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION 1.
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION si
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION [n
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION Wh
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION Th
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION (1
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION le
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION be
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION Al
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2. -ING NOMINALS: ORIGINS AND DEVEL
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3. NOMINAL COMPLEMENTATION AND ARGU
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4. RHETORIC AND THE WORLD OF SCIENC
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY English
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Section
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Table 3.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY As can b
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7. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR
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REFERENCES Barton, David. 1994. Lit
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REFERENCES -----------. 1965. Aspec
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REFERENCES -----------. 1998. “De
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REFERENCES -----------. 2003. A Cog
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REFERENCES University of Pennsylvan
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REFERENCES Nevalainen, Terttu. 1999
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REFERENCES Russ, Charles V. J. 1982
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REFERENCES -----------. 1994b. “
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APPENDIX APPENDIX: ACTION NOMINALIZ
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APPENDIX and partly < accommodate +
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APPENDIX Tokens 8 Nominalization Ad
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APPENDIX heads with Cantharides, it
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation 1676
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APPENDIX he ceaseth not to be offic
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APPENDIX is to be done; direction,
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APPENDIX whych ben ioyned in wih th
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APPENDIX Tokens 17 Nominalization A
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APPENDIX signes of this disease: no
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APPENDIX Tokens brekynge/ for than
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APPENDIX Definition OED Bursting n.
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APPENDIX Nominalization Choosing Ba
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APPENDIX shutting; enclosing; drawi
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APPENDIX generally taken for any ki
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APPENDIX be rightly ordred & defend
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APPENDIX compression, and the offic
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APPENDIX Definition OED Concursion
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APPENDIX Conserving n., in same sen
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APPENDIX Example And therfore the s
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation c1374
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APPENDIX Tokens 14 Nominalization C
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation Examp
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APPENDIX Tokens Nominalization Base
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APPENDIX but y~ heet is meane witho
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APPENDIX bringing forth of offsprin
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APPENDIX detractynge of tyme. Gale,
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APPENDIX Base Definition Earliest a
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APPENDIX Nominalization Disclosing
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APPENDIX Base < Old French destempr
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APPENDIX Tokens is cured by diuerti
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APPENDIX Morbus. Tokens 1 Nominaliz
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation c1270
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APPENDIX Example Now it is most pro
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APPENDIX Nominalization Enjoying Ba
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APPENDIX Nominalization Base Defini
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APPENDIX examined. †1. A testing,
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APPENDIX observ’d, has any thing
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APPENDIX Base < Latin explānātiō
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APPENDIX excision or the applicatio
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Fa
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APPENDIX Nominalization Flying Base
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APPENDIX Nominalization Framing Bas
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APPENDIX continued in the state of
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APPENDIX Hooke, Life. Tokens 1 Nomi
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APPENDIX Nominalization Hurting Bas
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APPENDIX Example (...) only there i
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APPENDIX Tokens an instrument of tw
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APPENDIX through Consumptions; (...
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APPENDIX Tokens Morbus. 1 (verbal g
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APPENDIX Example The Dragon then si
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Ju
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APPENDIX Base < Old French lancier
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APPENDIX Example Tokens Nominalizat
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APPENDIX Nominalization Lucubration
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APPENDIX Base Measure (v) Definitio
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APPENDIX administration; an instanc
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APPENDIX Hippocrates [/28./] hauing
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APPENDIX fermentation, wherby the C
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APPENDIX which heer to repeate were
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APPENDIX offense) injury, wrong, an
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APPENDIX Hypochondriack patient is
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APPENDIX and knit againe after thei
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APPENDIX stem of perturbāre (to pe
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APPENDIX Definition OED Playing n.
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APPENDIX decay, or destruction; the
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Ba
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APPENDIX Tokens Nominalization Base
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APPENDIX publicly known; public not
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APPENDIX Nominalization Pursuance B
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APPENDIX declares it self in a more
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APPENDIX Decoction, which is all le
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APPENDIX Nominalization Renting Bas
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APPENDIX Example Nevertheless in re
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation ?1425
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APPENDIX Nominalization Restraining
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APPENDIX Nominalization Riding Base
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APPENDIX comprehended the arte of p
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APPENDIX Tokens 4 Nominalization Sh
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APPENDIX because the visible vertue
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APPENDIX Cf. Spring v. 9. Of condit
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APPENDIX tight, wrenching, etc.; th
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APPENDIX taking one group, matrix,
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APPENDIX something at a certain rat
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APPENDIX Tokens 17 (9 of them verba
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APPENDIX Nominalization Tension Bas
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APPENDIX Tokens 7 Nominalization Tr
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APPENDIX Definition Earliest attest
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APPENDIX Example Notwithstanding in
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APPENDIX Base Walk (v) Definition O
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation 1479-
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APPENDIX Base Wither (v) Definition
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL RESUMEN EN ESPA
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL verbos de los q
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL El análisis de
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL las formaciones
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL Gotti, Maurizio
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