0 INTRODUCTION

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2. –ING NOMINALS: ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT acquired verbal features. In this process of verbalization of –ing nominals, the writing style and their internal syntax played an important role. As for the writing style, Fanego’s (1998: 104, 116) data indicate that the acquisition of verbal characteristics, such as the verbalization of the object of the gerund, takes place at an earlier stage in the “more oral and less formal genres,” which means that this change is a change from below in Labovian terms (1994: 78). Syntactically speaking, the data provided by Fanego (1996: 132) suggests that verbalization took place earlier in gerunds having only post-head dependents, as in (33a), which are strongly reminiscent of verbal syntax. Verbal gerunds of this type are well represented already at the beginning of the EModE period (1500- 1570), and their process of verbalization was almost complete at the end of the period (1640-1710). Interestingly, the verbalization process was manifested not only in the realization as NPs of thenotional objects of gerunds, but also in properties such as the ability to take predicatives, and to allow negative forms, passive forms, and combinations of perfect and passive, as in (33b) below: (33) a. E3 1688 Beim Oroonoko 161: she cou'd only sigh and weep there, and think of Oroonoko; and oftentimes cou’d not forbear speaking of Him, b. E3 1688 Beim Oroonoko 161: He was troubled, for having been forc'd, by an irresistible passion, to rob his son of a treasure, he knew, cou'd not but be extremely dear to him; (Fanego 1996: 108, 132) On the contrary, –ing nominals having both pre- and post-head dependents acquire verbal features considerably later. The diffusion of direct objects from gerunds with only post-head dependents to gerunds with both pre- and post-head dependents brought about the emergence of hybrid structures of the kind shown in (34a) to (34f), henceforth referred to here as POSS-ing and mixed gerunds properly speaking (MIX). In POSS-ing constructions, the otherwise verbal –ing nominalizations have as their pre-head 52
2. –ING NOMINALS: ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT depentents a PossP or possessive pronoun. Consider, for instance, (34a) and (34b). Both –ing nominals exhibit nominal features such as possessive determiners (his, my) as prehead dependents, or premodification by adjectives (e.g. easy in [34b]). However, they also show verbal features such as NP objects (Nelthorp and them, respectively). On the other hand, in MIX constructions, the –ing nominalizations combine verbal properties with nominal properties other than having a possessive determiner or a PossP as pre-head dependent (cf. [34c] to [34f]). Thus, though they all govern NPs as post-head dependents (the minister, children, this Waterdog, and any such Door or House, respectively), they still retain nominal properties such as the presence of definite articles and adjectives (brave in [34e]) as their pre-head dependents. (34) a. E3 1685 Lisle Trial IV, 122C2: I never knew of Nelthorp’s coming, nor any thing of his being Nelthorp; b. E3 1666-1667 Pepys Diary 416: And among other things, I to my chamber and there to ticket a good part of my books, in order to the Numbring of them -for my easy finding them to read, as I have occasion. c. E2 1599-1601 Hoby Diary 72: I went to church and, from thence returninge, I praised God both for the inableinge the minister so profettably to declare the word as he had (...) d. E3 1673 Taylor The Marriage Ring 13: but of all these the noblest End is the multiplying children, e. E3 1676 Walton Compleat Angler 211: and I can tell you there is brave hunting this Waterdog in Cornwall, f. E3 1698 Statutes VIII 458: Provided alwaies That in case upon such breaking open any such Door or House no such Private or concealed Back Still or other Vessell (...) shall be found (Fanego 1996: 133-134) Fanego shows that, although very rarely, nominals with only post-head dependents can also show hybridization. Thus, having in (35) below governs an of-PP (of eights), but is also postmodified by an adverb (unnecessarily), a typically verbal property. 53
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UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOST
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DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOLOXIA INGLESA E
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pero que se ganaron o meu cariño c
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1.3.7. Text linguistic studies ....
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY ........
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6.3.1. Frequency of nominalizations
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Table 17. Dependents of -ing and Ro
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4. RHETORIC AND THE WORLD OF SCIENC
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY English
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Section
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Table 3.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY As can b
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Table 6.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY combinat
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY 5.2.1.2.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY and aton
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY nominal
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY (Jespers
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY (105) An
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY some cas
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY (122) (.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY respecti
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY By contr
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY of their
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6. FINDINGS 6. FINDINGS This chapte
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6. FINDINGS instance, the normalize
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6. FINDINGS in their writings since
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6. FINDINGS Table 11. Overall figur
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6. FINDINGS (151) And that is a way
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6. FINDINGS 6.1.2.1. Pre-head depen
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6. FINDINGS verbal -ing formations
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6. FINDINGS (164) M.Borrough in his
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6. FINDINGS As shown in the figure,
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6. FINDINGS (179) Lastly, it implye
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6. FINDINGS with which the gerund w
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6. FINDINGS complements of a prepos
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6. FINDINGS scientific and medical
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6. FINDINGS path-way to knowledge,
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6. FINDINGS The data presented abov
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6. FINDINGS Table 17. Dependents of
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6. FINDINGS (194) (...) so gentle m
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6. FINDINGS c. (...) he affirms tha
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6. FINDINGS expansion the point whe
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6. FINDINGS Figure 7. Earliest atte
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6. FINDINGS The data in Table 18 sh
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6. FINDINGS frequencies of 44.4 and
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6. FINDINGS that authors of surgica
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6. FINDINGS Table 20. Overall figur
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6. FINDINGS Figure 9. Suffixes used
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6. FINDINGS (210) Nor upon those wh
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6. FINDINGS Even when these texts w
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6. FINDINGS As can be seen from Tab
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6. FINDINGS vigilies, which may be
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6. FINDINGS of nominalizations in t
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6. FINDINGS Differences were also f
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7. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR
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REFERENCES Barton, David. 1994. Lit
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REFERENCES -----------. 1965. Aspec
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REFERENCES -----------. 1998. “De
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REFERENCES -----------. 2003. A Cog
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REFERENCES University of Pennsylvan
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REFERENCES Nevalainen, Terttu. 1999
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REFERENCES Russ, Charles V. J. 1982
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REFERENCES -----------. 1994b. “
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APPENDIX APPENDIX: ACTION NOMINALIZ
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APPENDIX and partly < accommodate +
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APPENDIX Tokens 8 Nominalization Ad
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APPENDIX heads with Cantharides, it
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation 1676
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APPENDIX he ceaseth not to be offic
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APPENDIX is to be done; direction,
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APPENDIX whych ben ioyned in wih th
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APPENDIX Tokens 17 Nominalization A
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APPENDIX signes of this disease: no
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APPENDIX Tokens brekynge/ for than
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APPENDIX Definition OED Bursting n.
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APPENDIX Nominalization Choosing Ba
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APPENDIX shutting; enclosing; drawi
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APPENDIX generally taken for any ki
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APPENDIX be rightly ordred & defend
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APPENDIX compression, and the offic
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APPENDIX Definition OED Concursion
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APPENDIX Conserving n., in same sen
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APPENDIX Example And therfore the s
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation c1374
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APPENDIX Tokens 14 Nominalization C
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation Examp
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APPENDIX Tokens Nominalization Base
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APPENDIX but y~ heet is meane witho
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APPENDIX bringing forth of offsprin
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APPENDIX detractynge of tyme. Gale,
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APPENDIX Base Definition Earliest a
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APPENDIX Nominalization Disclosing
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APPENDIX Base < Old French destempr
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APPENDIX Tokens is cured by diuerti
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APPENDIX Morbus. Tokens 1 Nominaliz
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation c1270
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APPENDIX Example Now it is most pro
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APPENDIX Nominalization Enjoying Ba
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APPENDIX Nominalization Base Defini
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APPENDIX examined. †1. A testing,
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APPENDIX observ’d, has any thing
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APPENDIX Base < Latin explānātiō
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APPENDIX excision or the applicatio
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Fa
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APPENDIX Nominalization Flying Base
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APPENDIX Nominalization Framing Bas
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APPENDIX continued in the state of
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APPENDIX Hooke, Life. Tokens 1 Nomi
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APPENDIX Nominalization Hurting Bas
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APPENDIX Example (...) only there i
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APPENDIX Tokens an instrument of tw
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APPENDIX through Consumptions; (...
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APPENDIX Tokens Morbus. 1 (verbal g
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APPENDIX Example The Dragon then si
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Ju
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APPENDIX Base < Old French lancier
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APPENDIX Example Tokens Nominalizat
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APPENDIX Nominalization Lucubration
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APPENDIX Base Measure (v) Definitio
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APPENDIX administration; an instanc
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APPENDIX Hippocrates [/28./] hauing
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APPENDIX fermentation, wherby the C
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APPENDIX which heer to repeate were
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APPENDIX offense) injury, wrong, an
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APPENDIX Hypochondriack patient is
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APPENDIX and knit againe after thei
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APPENDIX stem of perturbāre (to pe
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APPENDIX Definition OED Playing n.
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APPENDIX decay, or destruction; the
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Ba
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APPENDIX Tokens Nominalization Base
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APPENDIX publicly known; public not
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APPENDIX Nominalization Pursuance B
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APPENDIX declares it self in a more
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APPENDIX Decoction, which is all le
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APPENDIX Nominalization Renting Bas
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APPENDIX Example Nevertheless in re
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation ?1425
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APPENDIX Nominalization Restraining
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APPENDIX Nominalization Riding Base
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APPENDIX comprehended the arte of p
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APPENDIX Tokens 4 Nominalization Sh
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APPENDIX because the visible vertue
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APPENDIX Cf. Spring v. 9. Of condit
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APPENDIX tight, wrenching, etc.; th
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APPENDIX taking one group, matrix,
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APPENDIX something at a certain rat
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APPENDIX Tokens 17 (9 of them verba
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APPENDIX Nominalization Tension Bas
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APPENDIX Tokens 7 Nominalization Tr
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APPENDIX Definition Earliest attest
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APPENDIX Example Notwithstanding in
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APPENDIX Base Walk (v) Definition O
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation 1479-
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APPENDIX Base Wither (v) Definition
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL RESUMEN EN ESPA
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL verbos de los q
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL El análisis de
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL las formaciones
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL Gotti, Maurizio
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0 INTRODUCTION

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