0 INTRODUCTION

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3. NOMINAL COMPLEMENTATION AND ARGUMENT STRUCTURE nouns (i.e. complex event nouns) are capable of licensing arguments (Alexiadou 2001: 66), although she concedes that it is only in the case of event nouns that these arguments are obligatory. Following van Hout (1998) and Levin (1999), Alexiadou assumes that event structure 5 plays an important role in the licensing of argument structure. She relies on Levin’s (1999) proposal that verb-meanings have two components, namely one provided by the event structure and one provided by the core meaning, that is, the part of meaning idiosyncratic to a specific verb. This second component is the ‘constant,’ in Levin’s terminology. The constants are integrated into the event structure templates in order to yield the verb meanings. Alexiadou (2001: 67) equates constants with unspecified roots. Hence, the semantics of the root can license an internal argument. In this sense, the “presence of arguments is guaranteed independently of the eventive character of the outcome of word-formation” (ibid.). However, it must be conceded that arguments in process nominals such as (44a) below are always obligatory, whereas in result nominals such as (44b), arguments are optional. Alexiadou (2001: 66) assumes that the obligatory presence of arguments is determined by functional structure (voice and aspect), and only process nominals include voice and aspect in their internal structure. (44) a. the examination of the students at noon b. an exam (Alexiadou 2001: 11) Sleeman and Brito (2010) accept much of the theoretical model proposed by Alexiadou. However, they criticize that Alexiadou sticks to the dichotomy event versus result nominals proposed by Grimshaw (1990) despite the fact that it is not clear-cut. Thus, Sleeman and Brito (2010: 121) list five factors that illustrate the fuzzy boundaries between event and result nominals: 5 According to Grimshaw (1990: 26), the event structure “represents the aspectual analysis of the clause, and determines such things as which adjuncts are admissible.” She proposes that each verb has an event structure associated with it. 62
3. NOMINAL COMPLEMENTATION AND ARGUMENT STRUCTURE 0. As happens with result nominals, event nominals may pluralize (cf. [45]) (see van Hout 1991: 75 for Dutch; Brito and Oliveira 1997: 61 for Portuguese). (45) Os jornalistas estavam a assistir a várias destruições de cidades, quando chegaram as tropas. “The journalists were watching several destructions of towns, when the troops arrived” (Brito and Oliverira 1997: 61) 1. Event nominals may be preceded by an indefinite determiner (cf. [46]) (see Brito and Oliveira 1997: 60 for Portuguese; Heyvaert 2000: 120, note 1, for English). (46) Os jornalistas estavam a assistir a uma destruição da ponte, cuando a bomba caiu. “The journalists were watching a/one destruction of the bridge, when the bomb fell” (Brito and Oliveira: 1997: 60) 2. Event nominals do not obligatorily take internal arguments (cf. [47]) (Zubizarreta 1987). (47) a. L’arrivée eut lieu à minuit. “The arrival took place at midnight” b. The execution was filmed by the TV-stations. 3. Some event nominals can combine with an of-PP instead of a by-phrase (cf. [48]). (48) Ik heb alle uitvoeringen van Youri Egorov van het Schumannprogramma bijgewoond. “I have attended all of Youri Egorov’s performances of the Scumann program” (Van Hout 1991: 76) 4. Result nouns can take internal arguments, and finally, in certain circumstances result nouns can combine with a by-phrase (cf. [49]). (49) A análise do texto pelo aluno enriquecem o conhecimento dos colegas. “The analysis of the text by the student enlarged the knowledge of the colleagues” (Brito and Oliveira 1997: 65) Therefore, for Sleeman and Brito (2010: 127) the difference between process nouns and result nouns is not an eventive one, but an aspectual one, and as a consequence, these two classes of nouns can behave similarly with respect to the projection of their arguments, as well as with respect to plurality and the choice of determiners. 63
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UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOST
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DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOLOXIA INGLESA E
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pero que se ganaron o meu cariño c
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1.3.7. Text linguistic studies ....
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY ........
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6.3.1. Frequency of nominalizations
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Table 17. Dependents of -ing and Ro
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0. INTRODUCTION It has been pointed
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0. INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 offers a
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0. INTRODUCTION conclusions reached
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION wo
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION an
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4. RHETORIC AND THE WORLD OF SCIENC
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY English
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Section
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Table 3.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY As can b
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Table 6.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY combinat
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY 5.2.1.2.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY and aton
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY nominal
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY (Jespers
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY (105) An
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY some cas
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY (122) (.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY respecti
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY By contr
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY of their
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6. FINDINGS 6. FINDINGS This chapte
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6. FINDINGS instance, the normalize
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6. FINDINGS in their writings since
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6. FINDINGS Table 11. Overall figur
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6. FINDINGS (151) And that is a way
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6. FINDINGS 6.1.2.1. Pre-head depen
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6. FINDINGS verbal -ing formations
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6. FINDINGS (164) M.Borrough in his
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6. FINDINGS As shown in the figure,
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6. FINDINGS (179) Lastly, it implye
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6. FINDINGS with which the gerund w
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6. FINDINGS complements of a prepos
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6. FINDINGS scientific and medical
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6. FINDINGS path-way to knowledge,
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6. FINDINGS The data presented abov
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6. FINDINGS Table 17. Dependents of
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6. FINDINGS (194) (...) so gentle m
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6. FINDINGS c. (...) he affirms tha
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6. FINDINGS expansion the point whe
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6. FINDINGS Figure 7. Earliest atte
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6. FINDINGS The data in Table 18 sh
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6. FINDINGS frequencies of 44.4 and
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6. FINDINGS that authors of surgica
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6. FINDINGS Table 20. Overall figur
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6. FINDINGS Figure 9. Suffixes used
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6. FINDINGS (210) Nor upon those wh
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6. FINDINGS Even when these texts w
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6. FINDINGS As can be seen from Tab
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6. FINDINGS vigilies, which may be
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6. FINDINGS of nominalizations in t
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6. FINDINGS Differences were also f
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7. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR
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REFERENCES Barton, David. 1994. Lit
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REFERENCES -----------. 1965. Aspec
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REFERENCES -----------. 1998. “De
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REFERENCES -----------. 2003. A Cog
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REFERENCES University of Pennsylvan
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REFERENCES Nevalainen, Terttu. 1999
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REFERENCES Russ, Charles V. J. 1982
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REFERENCES -----------. 1994b. “
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APPENDIX APPENDIX: ACTION NOMINALIZ
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APPENDIX and partly < accommodate +
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APPENDIX Tokens 8 Nominalization Ad
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APPENDIX heads with Cantharides, it
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation 1676
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APPENDIX he ceaseth not to be offic
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APPENDIX is to be done; direction,
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APPENDIX whych ben ioyned in wih th
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APPENDIX Tokens 17 Nominalization A
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APPENDIX signes of this disease: no
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APPENDIX Tokens brekynge/ for than
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APPENDIX Definition OED Bursting n.
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APPENDIX Nominalization Choosing Ba
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APPENDIX shutting; enclosing; drawi
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APPENDIX generally taken for any ki
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APPENDIX be rightly ordred & defend
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APPENDIX compression, and the offic
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APPENDIX Definition OED Concursion
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APPENDIX Conserving n., in same sen
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APPENDIX Example And therfore the s
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation c1374
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APPENDIX Tokens 14 Nominalization C
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation Examp
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APPENDIX Tokens Nominalization Base
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APPENDIX but y~ heet is meane witho
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APPENDIX bringing forth of offsprin
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APPENDIX detractynge of tyme. Gale,
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APPENDIX Base Definition Earliest a
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APPENDIX Nominalization Disclosing
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APPENDIX Base < Old French destempr
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APPENDIX Tokens is cured by diuerti
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APPENDIX Morbus. Tokens 1 Nominaliz
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation c1270
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APPENDIX Example Now it is most pro
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APPENDIX Nominalization Enjoying Ba
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APPENDIX Nominalization Base Defini
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APPENDIX examined. †1. A testing,
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APPENDIX observ’d, has any thing
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APPENDIX Base < Latin explānātiō
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APPENDIX excision or the applicatio
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Fa
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APPENDIX Nominalization Flying Base
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APPENDIX Nominalization Framing Bas
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APPENDIX continued in the state of
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APPENDIX Hooke, Life. Tokens 1 Nomi
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APPENDIX Nominalization Hurting Bas
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APPENDIX Example (...) only there i
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APPENDIX Tokens an instrument of tw
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APPENDIX through Consumptions; (...
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APPENDIX Tokens Morbus. 1 (verbal g
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APPENDIX Example The Dragon then si
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Ju
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APPENDIX Base < Old French lancier
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APPENDIX Example Tokens Nominalizat
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APPENDIX Nominalization Lucubration
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APPENDIX Base Measure (v) Definitio
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APPENDIX administration; an instanc
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APPENDIX Hippocrates [/28./] hauing
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APPENDIX fermentation, wherby the C
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APPENDIX which heer to repeate were
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APPENDIX offense) injury, wrong, an
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APPENDIX Hypochondriack patient is
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APPENDIX and knit againe after thei
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APPENDIX stem of perturbāre (to pe
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APPENDIX Definition OED Playing n.
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APPENDIX decay, or destruction; the
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Ba
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APPENDIX Tokens Nominalization Base
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APPENDIX publicly known; public not
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APPENDIX Nominalization Pursuance B
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APPENDIX declares it self in a more
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APPENDIX Decoction, which is all le
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APPENDIX Nominalization Renting Bas
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APPENDIX Example Nevertheless in re
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation ?1425
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APPENDIX Nominalization Restraining
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APPENDIX Nominalization Riding Base
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APPENDIX comprehended the arte of p
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APPENDIX Tokens 4 Nominalization Sh
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APPENDIX because the visible vertue
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APPENDIX Cf. Spring v. 9. Of condit
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APPENDIX tight, wrenching, etc.; th
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APPENDIX taking one group, matrix,
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APPENDIX something at a certain rat
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APPENDIX Tokens 17 (9 of them verba
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APPENDIX Nominalization Tension Bas
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APPENDIX Tokens 7 Nominalization Tr
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APPENDIX Definition Earliest attest
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APPENDIX Example Notwithstanding in
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APPENDIX Base Walk (v) Definition O
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation 1479-
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APPENDIX Base Wither (v) Definition
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL RESUMEN EN ESPA
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL verbos de los q
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL El análisis de
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL las formaciones
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL Gotti, Maurizio
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0 INTRODUCTION

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