0 INTRODUCTION

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7. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH extensively, the greatest problem faced by the vernacular was a lack of eloquence and of technical terms, which rendered it unfit for the scientific register. As a way of expanding vocabulary, two main trends emerged: creating a new word or giving a specialized meaning to an existing one, and borrowing words from other languages, especially from the prestigious classical ones. However, the extensive borrowing that took place during this period was strongly criticized by some authors at the time, who considered these new words difficult to understand. Looking particularly at the field of science, there was also strong opposition to the vernacular. Classical scientists were opposed to the use of English in scientific writings because they considered that it worked against the prestige of universities and of learned men. In short, they did not want to make things easier for others. This was especially so in the field of medical science, where many scientists argued that as any person able to read in English could practise medicine, people’s lives would be endangered; in reality such arguments were more a matter of self-preservation. Section 4.4 explored the question of literacy in the EModE period, paying special attention to its spread as well as to clarifying the related terms audience, readership and discourse community. As seen in Section 4.4.1, the spread of literacy in English was a consequence of the Puritan ethic, which considered literacy to be the key to achieving personal and material success. This rise in the level of literacy led to a new and increasing demand for books, including those related to science. Section 4.4.2 focused on the discussion of the differences between audience, readership and discourse community. Audience is the author’s idea regarding those who will read his/her writings, whereas readership refers to the actual readers of a book, and discourse community denotes the group of people who share a given discourse and communicate with each other. Hence, if nominalizations were 234
7. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH seen as a feature of scientific writing, all members of the scientific community would be likely to use them in their texts. They would also use a kind of register that the audience they had in mind would understand, although it is also true that audience and readership did not always coincide. Finally, Section 4.5 was devoted to medical texts and the categories of writing therein. The field of medicine in EModE was more heterogeneous and less clearly defined than nowadays. However, the different kinds of medical writings were perfectly delimited, and ranged from most popular to most academic. In Chapter 6 of this dissertation, remedy books, surgical treatises and academic treatises have been analyzed in detail, with findings showing differences in the use, origin and frequency of nominalizations in these three types of texts (see Section 6.3). Remedy books belonged to the vernacular tradition and were intended for a wider audience, read not only by doctors but also by the middle classes. Surgical treatises, in turn, were learned texts compiled by doctors and used mainly by surgeons and trainee surgeons. However, since their use was mainly practical, they were not considered to be learned works. By contrast, academic treatises were used to teach at universities, and sometimes dealt with very specific topics; thus, their audience was learned and specialized. Chapter 5 described the methodology followed in this dissertation. In order to analyze the behaviour and frequency of nominalizations in Early Modern scientific writing, and their possible variation according to writing tradition and audience, two corpora were selected, the Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Early Modern English and Early Modern English Medical Texts. The latter contains a selection of medical texts covering the whole picture of medical writing at the time, from the most popular to the 235
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UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOST
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DEPARTAMENTO DE FILOLOXIA INGLESA E
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pero que se ganaron o meu cariño c
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1.3.7. Text linguistic studies ....
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY ........
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6.3.1. Frequency of nominalizations
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Table 17. Dependents of -ing and Ro
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0. INTRODUCTION It has been pointed
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0. INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 offers a
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0. INTRODUCTION conclusions reached
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION wo
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1. THE CONCEPT OF NOMINALIZATION Al
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2. -ING NOMINALS: ORIGINS AND DEVEL
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3. NOMINAL COMPLEMENTATION AND ARGU
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4. RHETORIC AND THE WORLD OF SCIENC
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY English
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Section
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Table 3.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY As can b
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY Table 6.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY combinat
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY 5.2.1.2.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY and aton
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY nominal
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY (Jespers
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY (105) An
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY some cas
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY (122) (.
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY respecti
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY By contr
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5. CORPORA AND METHODOLOGY of their
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6. FINDINGS 6. FINDINGS This chapte
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6. FINDINGS instance, the normalize
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6. FINDINGS in their writings since
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6. FINDINGS Table 11. Overall figur
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6. FINDINGS (151) And that is a way
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6. FINDINGS 6.1.2.1. Pre-head depen
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6. FINDINGS verbal -ing formations
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6. FINDINGS (164) M.Borrough in his
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6. FINDINGS As shown in the figure,
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Page 266 and 267: REFERENCES Barton, David. 1994. Lit
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Page 274 and 275: REFERENCES University of Pennsylvan
Page 276 and 277: REFERENCES Nevalainen, Terttu. 1999
Page 278 and 279: REFERENCES Russ, Charles V. J. 1982
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Page 283 and 284: APPENDIX APPENDIX: ACTION NOMINALIZ
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Page 291 and 292: APPENDIX Earliest attestation 1676
Page 293 and 294: APPENDIX he ceaseth not to be offic
Page 295 and 296: APPENDIX is to be done; direction,
Page 297 and 298: APPENDIX whych ben ioyned in wih th
Page 299 and 300: APPENDIX Tokens 17 Nominalization A
Page 301 and 302: APPENDIX signes of this disease: no
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation 1563
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APPENDIX Tokens brekynge/ for than
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APPENDIX Definition OED Bursting n.
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APPENDIX Nominalization Choosing Ba
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APPENDIX shutting; enclosing; drawi
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APPENDIX generally taken for any ki
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APPENDIX be rightly ordred & defend
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APPENDIX compression, and the offic
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APPENDIX Definition OED Concursion
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APPENDIX Conserving n., in same sen
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APPENDIX Example And therfore the s
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation c1374
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APPENDIX Tokens 14 Nominalization C
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation Examp
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APPENDIX Tokens Nominalization Base
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APPENDIX but y~ heet is meane witho
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APPENDIX bringing forth of offsprin
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APPENDIX detractynge of tyme. Gale,
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APPENDIX Base Definition Earliest a
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APPENDIX Nominalization Disclosing
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APPENDIX Base < Old French destempr
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APPENDIX Tokens is cured by diuerti
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APPENDIX Morbus. Tokens 1 Nominaliz
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation c1270
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APPENDIX Example Now it is most pro
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APPENDIX Nominalization Enjoying Ba
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APPENDIX Nominalization Base Defini
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APPENDIX examined. †1. A testing,
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APPENDIX observ’d, has any thing
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APPENDIX Base < Latin explānātiō
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APPENDIX excision or the applicatio
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Fa
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APPENDIX Nominalization Flying Base
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APPENDIX Nominalization Framing Bas
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APPENDIX continued in the state of
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APPENDIX Hooke, Life. Tokens 1 Nomi
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APPENDIX Nominalization Hurting Bas
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APPENDIX Example (...) only there i
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APPENDIX Tokens an instrument of tw
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APPENDIX through Consumptions; (...
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APPENDIX Tokens Morbus. 1 (verbal g
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APPENDIX Example The Dragon then si
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Ju
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APPENDIX Base < Old French lancier
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APPENDIX Example Tokens Nominalizat
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APPENDIX Nominalization Lucubration
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APPENDIX Base Measure (v) Definitio
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APPENDIX administration; an instanc
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APPENDIX Hippocrates [/28./] hauing
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APPENDIX fermentation, wherby the C
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APPENDIX which heer to repeate were
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APPENDIX offense) injury, wrong, an
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APPENDIX Hypochondriack patient is
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APPENDIX and knit againe after thei
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APPENDIX stem of perturbāre (to pe
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APPENDIX Definition OED Playing n.
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APPENDIX decay, or destruction; the
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APPENDIX Tokens 1 Nominalization Ba
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APPENDIX Tokens Nominalization Base
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APPENDIX publicly known; public not
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APPENDIX Nominalization Pursuance B
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APPENDIX declares it self in a more
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APPENDIX Decoction, which is all le
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APPENDIX Nominalization Renting Bas
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APPENDIX Example Nevertheless in re
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation ?1425
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APPENDIX Nominalization Restraining
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APPENDIX Nominalization Riding Base
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APPENDIX comprehended the arte of p
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APPENDIX Tokens 4 Nominalization Sh
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APPENDIX because the visible vertue
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APPENDIX Cf. Spring v. 9. Of condit
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APPENDIX tight, wrenching, etc.; th
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APPENDIX taking one group, matrix,
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APPENDIX something at a certain rat
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APPENDIX Tokens 17 (9 of them verba
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APPENDIX Nominalization Tension Bas
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APPENDIX Tokens 7 Nominalization Tr
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APPENDIX Definition Earliest attest
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APPENDIX Example Notwithstanding in
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APPENDIX Base Walk (v) Definition O
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APPENDIX Earliest attestation 1479-
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APPENDIX Base Wither (v) Definition
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL RESUMEN EN ESPA
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL verbos de los q
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL El análisis de
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL las formaciones
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RESUMEN EN ESPAÑOL Gotti, Maurizio
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0 INTRODUCTION

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