ovdje - Hrvatsko filozofsko društvo

GHOLAMREZA HASHEMI TABAR
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran /
Veterinarski fakultet, Ferdowsijevo sveučilište u Mashhadu, Iran
MEDICAL ETHICS FROM THE ISLAMIC POINT OF VIEW
Islam is a monotheistic religion that was established in the seventh
century by the Prophet of Islam, Muhammad. It has a common root with
other Abrahamic religions – Judaism and Christianity. The Qur’an as well
as Sunna (the traditions extracted from the Prophet’s life), are the main
sources of ethical and legal systems and the basis for normative practice
in Islamic society. These two sources are the ultimate authority in Islamic
bioethics. As a tradition since the ninth century, Islamic scholars are affiliated
with one of the five legal schools, namely Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi’i,
Hanbali and Shi’i. In the contemporary Islam, bioethics is largely perceived
as a subfield of Islamic legal reasoning (fiqh). As a field, it developed since
the 1970s and 1980s following the introduction of groundbreaking medical
technologies. Islam has different views on the various issues of bioethics.
In this paper, the matters such as contraception, abortion, IVF, organ transplants,
organ donation, suicide and euthanasia will be discussed in great
detail.
MEDICINSKA ETIKA S ISLAMSKOGA GLEDIŠTA
Islam je monoteistička religija koju je u sedmom stoljeću utemeljio
prorok Muhamed. Islam ima zajednička ishodišta s drugih abrahamskim
religijama – židovstvom i kršćanstvom. Kur’an i sunnet (tradicije izvedene
iz Prorokova života) glavni su izvori etičkih i pravnih sustava te osnovica
normativne prakse u islamskome društvu. Ova su dva izvora vrhovni
autoritet u islamskoj bioetici. Od devetoga stoljeća, islamski učenjaci su
povezani s jednom od pet pravnih škola, a to su: hanefijski, malikijski,
šafijski, hanbelijski i šiitski mezheb. U suvremenom se islamu bioetiku
uglavnom poima kao podvrstu islamske pravne prosudbe (fikh). Kao disciplina,
ona se razvijala od sedamdesetih i osamdesetih godina dvadesetog
stoljeća, zahvaljujući razvoju prijelomnih medicinskih tehnologija. Islam
ima različite poglede na razna pitanja bioetike. U ovom će se izlaganju podrobno
razmatrati problemi kao što su kontracepcija, pobačaj, IVF, transplantacija
i donacija organa, samoubojstvo i eutanazija.
63