Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops - ICARDA

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98 11th FAWWON The 11th FAWWON consisted of 146 entries and was distributed for planting in 2001/02 to around 80 co-operators from more than 40 countries. Most lines developed by the IWWIP programme show good levels of resistance, while the majority of lines from other areas of the world are highly susceptible to YR (Figures 3 and 4). The figures show the maximum YR score from evaluation of 11th FAWWON across 9 locations, namely Azerbaijan (1 location), Iran (5 locations), Syria (1 location), Tajikistan (1 location) and Turkey (1 location). Entries within each group of origin (Checks, IWWIP, CAC [Caucasian and Central Asian Countries], Eastern Europe, USA, Western Europe, China and Iran) are sorted by ascending susceptibility. The number on the X-axis refers to entry number in 11th FAWWON. However, since many of these are excellent lines with highly favourable characteristics, it is important that such information is shared with all co-operators in order to more efficiently utilize these lines in breeding programmes. Otherwise, they may be at risk of being discarded by breeders due to YR. 4th WWEERYT The 4th WWEERYT consisted of 64 genotypes submitted by breeding programmes from twelve countries, and YR data was reported from three locations: Turkey, Iran and Tajikistan (Table 1). Highest disease pressure was observed in Turkey under artificial inoculation, where susceptible checks reached levels of 80S and 90S. High levels of susceptibility to YR were observed for most lines submitted by the majority of the breeding programmes, although a limited number of lines were found to have acceptable levels of resistance to YR. Discussion YR has long been a major threat to winter wheat producers in CWANA, and with the disease recently moving into areas (such as the USA) where it has become an important constraint, even more focus is now placed on the development of resistant cultivars. The majority of the lines and cultivars submitted by breeding programmes to be included in the international nurseries (FAWWON and WWEERYT) are high yielding lines and potential candidates for release in several countries. However, if these countries are lacking the facilities for artificial inoculation and other facilities necessary to assure a high degree of disease pressure, and natural epidemics do not occur on a regular basis, then breeding programmes in these countries may run the risk of releasing cultivars that will be highly susceptible under conditions that permit natural epidemics. Having an international testing network, like the one facilitated by IWWIP, where promising lines can be evaluated under conditions assuring good artificial epidemics, reduces this threat.
99 Table 1. Yellow rust reaction of entries in 4th WWEERYT evaluated in Turkey, Iran and Tajikistan, and origin of germplasm Entry Cultivar or cross Origin Yellow rust Score Max. score Turkey Iran Tajikistan CHECKS 3 JAGGER USA (KS) 5 5 0 1 BEZ Russia (KRA) 80 80 20 0 2 SERI Mexico 90 90 60 40 CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA 41 AKINCI-84 Azerbaijan 90 90 30 20 42 AZERI Azerbaijan 90 90 20 20 24 VARDZIA Georgia 10 10 0 22 GEORGE Georgia 90 90 90 60 23 KAKHU Georgia 90 90 70 60 15 ALMATY Kazakhstan 70 70 20 0 17 ARAP Kazakhstan 70 70 20 0 14 BAYANDY Kazakhstan 80 80 60 35 16 ERITROSPERMUM 350 Kazakhstan 90 90 50 40 EASTERN EUROPE 19 KM45/PLOVDIV Bulgaria (SAD) 20 20 5 15 18 LC924/PETJA Bulgaria (SAD) 70 70 0 0 32 IVETA NTA-92/89-6 Bulgaria (DOB) 80 80 20 35 33 1078-2KK Bulgaria (DOB) 100 100 90 90 34 SG-U 8069 Czech Rep. 10 10 0 0 13 MAMBO Hungary (MV) 15 5 0 15 12 MV PALOTAS Hungary (MV) 70 70 0 40 6 GK VEVECKY Hungary (SZ) 70 70 10 50 46 GK FORRAS Hungary (SZ) 70 70 5 0 5 GK BAGOLY Hungary (SZ) 80 80 10 40 39 MV 04-96 Hungary (MV) 90 90 80 60 48 MV 05-96 Hungary (MV) 90 90 40 11 MV DALMA Hungary (MV) 90 90 0 50 26 MANYPA Moldova 20 20 10 0 25 CAPUZ Moldova 80 80 50 15 10 EXPRES Romania (FUN) 0 0 0 0 8 DESTIN Romania (FUN) 70 70 0 60 7 TURDA 2000 Romania (TUR) 70 70 0 0 9 EFECT Romania (FUN) 90 90 20 40 45 KNJAZHNA Russia (KRA) 20 20 5 0 44 KROSHKA Russia (KRA) 70 70 40 5 43 KUPAVA Russia (KRA) 90 90 70 15 31 MIRONIVSKA Ukraine (MIR) 1 1 0 0 RANNYOSTYGLA 30 REMESLIVNA Ukraine (MIR) 30 20 20 30 21 ERYTHROSPERMUM 185 Ukraine (KHA) 70 70 5 10 29 MIRONIVSKA 35 Ukraine (MIR) 70 70 30 35 27 LADA Ukraine (OD) 70 70 20 15 47 ERYTHROSPERMUM 270 Ukraine (KHA) 80 80 50 20 28 STRUMOK Ukraine (OD) 100 100 80 25 IWWIP 35 TAM200/KAUZ IWWIP 1 1 0 0 36 TAM200/KAUZ IWWIP 1 1 0 0 TURKEY 37 BAYRAKTAR Turkey 10 10 0 0 38 DEMIR Turkey 90 90 10 25
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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iii Foreword Wheat is grown on roug
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v Preface The Central and West Asia
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vii About this publication This vol
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ix 2nd Regional Yellow Rust Confere
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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4 Epidemiology of wheat yellow rust
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6 Prevalent yellow rust pathotypes
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8 Pakistan Dr Badaruddin Soomro, PA
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10 Dr Naeem Ahmad, Wheat Research I
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Yellow rust of wheat in Nepal: an o
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inoculum originating from infected
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17 Control Efforts were made to dev
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Karki, C.B. 1994. Genetics of rust
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No virulence was observed on plants
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23 Results and discussion In the tw
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Virulence to yellow rust resistance
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and Yr27, the seedling data may not
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Yield evaluations of the PBW 343- a
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variation for yellow rust resistanc
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A number of Kauz-derived cvs, e.g.
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Kisana, S.N., Mujahid, Y.M. & Musta
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37 Material and methods Wheat nurse
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Challenge of a new race of Puccinia
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41 Table 1. Response of the yellow
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43 Occurrence and importance of yel
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To better explain the differences i
Page 57 and 58: Weather data were taken from the ne
Page 59 and 60: Disease progress stopped, in genera
Page 61 and 62: Roelfs, A.P. 1985. Epidemiology in
Page 63 and 64: The wheat stripe rust pathogen over
Page 65 and 66: 55 6E150A+ 4E8A+ 6E130A+ 130E2A+ 6E
Page 67 and 68: Agriculture-guided evolution of pat
Page 69 and 70: Yr SD, Yr SU and YrA was observed.
Page 71 and 72: The data presented in Table 3 show
Page 73 and 74: Kirmani, M.A.S. 1980. Comparative e
Page 75 and 76: ust infection at the CIMMYT station
Page 77 and 78: 67 Table 1. Estimation of the numbe
Page 79 and 80: Resistance to stripe rust disease o
Page 81 and 82: may be from the Aegilops parent as
Page 83 and 84: McNeal, F.H., Konzak, C.F., Smith,
Page 85 and 86: Disease severity (percentage of rus
Page 87 and 88: 77 Table 2. Genetic analysis of res
Page 89 and 90: Defence mechanisms against rust, an
Page 91 and 92: for the biosynthesis of a large num
Page 93 and 94: components of the signalling pathwa
Page 95 and 96: Xing, T., Wang, X.J., Malik, K. & M
Page 97 and 98: provided for final decision regardi
Page 99 and 100: spreader, cv. Morocco. The data was
Page 101 and 102: 91 Table 4A. Entries included in Na
Page 103 and 104: 93 Table 5A. Entries in the Nationa
Page 105 and 106: 95 References Ahmad, S., Rodriguez,
Page 107: Yellow rust (YR) is one of the most
Page 111 and 112: 101 100 90 80 CHECKS IW IWWIP CAC E
Page 113 and 114: • To investigate the effectivenes
Page 115 and 116: 105 Figure 1. Locations of yellow r
Page 117 and 118: Table 2. Terminal reaction of diffe
Page 119 and 120: Isogenic lines possessing Yr9 and Y
Page 121 and 122: Inqilab 91 at Nowshera, Swabi and M
Page 123 and 124: Selection of yellow rust-resistant
Page 125 and 126: These genotypes—depending on the
Page 127 and 128: Reaction of some international whea
Page 129 and 130: nurseries were irrigated with mist
Page 131 and 132: Name Pedigree Source 23 Tevee'S'//B
Page 133 and 134: Name Pedigree Source 71 NS732/HER S
Page 135 and 136: Name Pedigree Source 41 Gcn/4/D68-1
Page 137 and 138: 127 Role of yellow rust-resistance
Page 139 and 140: genes, such as with Yr6 in cultivar
Page 141: Dubin, H.J., Johnson, R. & Stubbs,
Page 144 and 145: 134 Yellow rust of wheat in Ethiopi
Page 146 and 147: 136 Virulence of stripe rust on dif
Page 148 and 149: 138 Turkey, Lebanon and Syria. Race
Page 150 and 151: 140 Evaluation of seedling and adul
Page 152 and 153: 142 of resistance not only to yello
Page 154 and 155: 144 Yellow rust reaction, disease d
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148 Outputs of the ten years of eva
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150 Characterization of resistance
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152 Results of testing winter wheat
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154 Dr Valentina Ibragimoval, Kyrgy
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156 Surveys of yellow rust populati
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158 nurseries. ICARDA, at its headq
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160 Table 2. Yellow rust differenti
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162 Table 4. Selected elite cultiva
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164 Table 7 shows the relative effe
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166 Table 8. Field reaction of whea
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168 Syria, Lebanon, Iran and Turkey
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170 Regional Conference on Yellow R
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172 moderate and high levels of res
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174 Umanka. The same disease reacti
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176 genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8 a
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178 Table 3. Resistance to yellow r
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180 Monitoring bread wheat genotype
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182 3000 masl. Susceptible check cv
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184 Table3. Disease severity and re
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186 with great effect, particularly
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188 Conclusion Relatively old bread
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191 Abstracts of other papers prese
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193 Global perspectives in wheat ye
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195 Yellow rust in Central and West
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197 Outputs of the ten-year evaluat
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199 Yellow rust resistance of bread
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201 Influence of weather conditions
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203 Virulent pathotypes of yellow r
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associated with a greater yielding
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een based on a single major gene or
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209 Monitoring stripe [yellow] rust
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211 Pathotype and molecular variabi
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Functional analysis of yellow rust
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215 Study on resistance reaction of
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217 Resistance of International Win
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219 Researching the influence of an
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Australian pathotypes of Puccinia s
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and cultural practices have been ad
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225 Development of a detached leaf
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227 Virulence variation of Puccinia
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intervals and also as the border of
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231 Virus-induced gene silencing in
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233 Inheritance of resistance to ye
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generated from monogenically segreg
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• slow-rusting genes: Yr9, Yr12,
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239 Meeting the Challenge of Yellow
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241 Contents List of participants i
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Resistance response of promising wh
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Constructing physical and genomic m
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Inheritance of yellow rust resistan
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249 Algeria List of participants Dr
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Tajikistan Prof. Dr Hafiz Muminjano
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Identification of effective and dur
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For each resistant genotype (Table
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257 Figure 1. AUDPC of ineffective
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259 Figure 3. AUDPC of susceptible
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Among the wheat lines tested, 51% c
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263 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
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wheat germplasm lines from were tes
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An analysis of the 2009 epidemic of
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Overall yield loss estimation A gen
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271 Table 4a. Monthly mean temperat
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Further studies on Yr9 virulent pat
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evaluation, these varieties were ha
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277 Table 1. Genotype response to p
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may result in losses of up to 70% i
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Table 1A. Wheat yellow rust scenari
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283 Table 1C. Wheat yellow rust sce
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285 No. Cultivar/Yr genes Yellow ru
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Roelfs, A.P., Singh. R.P. & Saari,
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289 Materials and methods This stud
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ineffective (Yahyaoui et al., 2004)
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Combining high yield potential and
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Breeding for yellow rust-resistant
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It is evident from Table 3 that Lu2
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299 Table 4. Rust reactions in hot-
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Evaluation of Indian wheat genotype
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components individually is quite la
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305 Table 1. Grouping of AVT-2nd ye
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Effective and ineffective resistanc
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seedling resistance and adult plant
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The cultivars expressing an infecti
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New approaches in traditional resis
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(resistant × resistant); susceptib
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twice that of resistant ones. When
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nurseries from Oklahoma University
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321 Figure 1. Map of the Republic o
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323 % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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In comparison with the local variet
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327 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
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Virulence and avirulence factors of
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(Peterson, Campbell and Hannah, 194
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333 No. Genotype Gene(s) Severity a
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An overview of results of five year
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combinations of adult plant resista
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Sources of resistance to wheat stri
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APR. A spectacular example was the
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In our breeding programme we are lo
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345 Introduction Stripe Rust of whe
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Table 1. Adult plant infection type
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Dehghani, H., Moghadam, M.R., Ghann
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species in the region determined th
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353 Table 4. The materials tested f
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Breeding for resistance to rust dis
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diseases, powdery mildew, sunn pest
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359 References Dzhunusova, M., Yahy
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high yielding widely grown cultivar
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susceptible to susceptible in 2007,
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Of the yellow rust samples collecte
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367 Abstracts of other papers prese
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369 Monitoring pathogen dynamics in
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1980s. Occurrence of virulence for
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373 Race changes of Puccinia striif
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375 High-temperature, adult-plant (
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types with race Pst-3 than with Pst
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379 Investigation of genetic resist
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381 Gene sequencing reveals heterok
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383 Molecular characterization of w
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papillae, cell wall appositions and
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infection are obtained through arti
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2000 masl; Ae. cylindrica is locate
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391 Reaction of winter facultative
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393 Yellow rust in the south of Ukr
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395 Study of diverse winter wheat g
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397 Yellow rust epidemics and virul
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399 Wheat yellow rust situation in
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401 Inheritance of yellow rust resi
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infection of the pathogen for four
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Club and other susceptible wheat cv
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407 Selection of wheat cultivars fo
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conditions. In 2006 and 2008, due t
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411 Regulation of development of ye
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops - ICARDA

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