Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops - ICARDA

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24 References Afshari, F., Torabi, M. & Malihipour, A. 2004. Appearance of a new race of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici. Seed and Plant Journal of Agricultural Res. [Karaj, Iran]. In press. Ma, H. & Singh, R.P. 1996. Contribution of adult plant resistance gene Yr18 in protecting wheat from yellow rust. Plant Disease, 81: 66–69. Peterson, R.F., Campbell, A.B. & Hannah, A.E. 1948. A diagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity of leaves and stems on cereals. Canadian Journal of Research, 26c(5): 496–500. Roelfs, A.P. 1978. Estimated losses caused by rust in small grain cereals in the United States, 1918–1976. USDA Miscellaneous Publication, No. 1363. 85 p. Torabi, M., Mardoukhi, V., Nazari, K., Afshari, F., Forootan, A.R., Ramai, M.A., Golzar, H. & Kashani, A.S. 1995. Effectiveness of wheat yellow rust resistance genes in different parts of Iran. Cereal Rusts and Powdery Mildews Bulletin, 23: 9–12.
Virulence to yellow rust resistance gene Yr27: a new threat to stable wheat production in Asia R.P. Singh, 1 E. Duveiller and J. Huerta-Espino 3 1. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico 2. CIMMYT South Asia, P.O. Box 5186, Kathmandu, Nepal 3. INIFAP-CEVAMEX, Chapingo, Mexico 25 Introduction Yellow [stripe] rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst) is an important disease of wheat in Asia, where use of genetic resistance is the most common control strategy. Genetic resistance to yellow rust can involve major (race-specific) or minor (race-non-specific) genes. In the recent past, a Yr9- virulent Pst race that evolved in eastern African highlands during the mid- 1980s had migrated to South Asia by the mid-1990s, via Middle East and West Asia, causing severe epidemics on various cultivars that were formerly protected by the resistance gene Yr9. Several resistant cultivars released in the region following the abovementioned epidemics were protected by the resistance gene Yr27. These included two most important cultivars—Inqilab 91 and PBW 343 (= Attila)—grown on over 11 million ha of the stripe rust-prone areas of Pakistan and India. Other selections out of Attila released as Shirudi and Chamran in Iran, and selections of Kauz released as Bakhtwar in Pakistan and WH 542 in India, and under different names in several other countries, were also protected by Yr27. These cultivars are now under threat as virulence for gene Yr27 has been now observed and confirmed in India, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and possibly Iran. Yr27-virulence has so far not been seen in eastern Africa, Turkey, Syria or Georgia, but it is expected that soon it will be widespread in the region. In the present paper we aim to provide information on gene Yr27 and explain the methodology used in incorporating durable stripe rust and leaf rust resistance in cultivars PBW 343 and Inqilab 91.
Page 1 and 2: Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
Page 3 and 4: iii Foreword Wheat is grown on roug
Page 5 and 6: v Preface The Central and West Asia
Page 7 and 8: vii About this publication This vol
Page 9 and 10: ix 2nd Regional Yellow Rust Confere
Page 11: Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
Page 14 and 15: 4 Epidemiology of wheat yellow rust
Page 16 and 17: 6 Prevalent yellow rust pathotypes
Page 18 and 19: 8 Pakistan Dr Badaruddin Soomro, PA
Page 20 and 21: 10 Dr Naeem Ahmad, Wheat Research I
Page 23 and 24: Yellow rust of wheat in Nepal: an o
Page 25 and 26: inoculum originating from infected
Page 27 and 28: 17 Control Efforts were made to dev
Page 29 and 30: Karki, C.B. 1994. Genetics of rust
Page 31 and 32: No virulence was observed on plants
Page 33: 23 Results and discussion In the tw
Page 37 and 38: and Yr27, the seedling data may not
Page 39 and 40: Yield evaluations of the PBW 343- a
Page 41 and 42: variation for yellow rust resistanc
Page 43 and 44: A number of Kauz-derived cvs, e.g.
Page 45 and 46: Kisana, S.N., Mujahid, Y.M. & Musta
Page 47 and 48: 37 Material and methods Wheat nurse
Page 49 and 50: Challenge of a new race of Puccinia
Page 51 and 52: 41 Table 1. Response of the yellow
Page 53 and 54: 43 Occurrence and importance of yel
Page 55 and 56: To better explain the differences i
Page 57 and 58: Weather data were taken from the ne
Page 59 and 60: Disease progress stopped, in genera
Page 61 and 62: Roelfs, A.P. 1985. Epidemiology in
Page 63 and 64: The wheat stripe rust pathogen over
Page 65 and 66: 55 6E150A+ 4E8A+ 6E130A+ 130E2A+ 6E
Page 67 and 68: Agriculture-guided evolution of pat
Page 69 and 70: Yr SD, Yr SU and YrA was observed.
Page 71 and 72: The data presented in Table 3 show
Page 73 and 74: Kirmani, M.A.S. 1980. Comparative e
Page 75 and 76: ust infection at the CIMMYT station
Page 77 and 78: 67 Table 1. Estimation of the numbe
Page 79 and 80: Resistance to stripe rust disease o
Page 81 and 82: may be from the Aegilops parent as
Page 83 and 84: McNeal, F.H., Konzak, C.F., Smith,
Page 85 and 86:
Disease severity (percentage of rus
Page 87 and 88:
77 Table 2. Genetic analysis of res
Page 89 and 90:
Defence mechanisms against rust, an
Page 91 and 92:
for the biosynthesis of a large num
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components of the signalling pathwa
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Xing, T., Wang, X.J., Malik, K. & M
Page 97 and 98:
provided for final decision regardi
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spreader, cv. Morocco. The data was
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91 Table 4A. Entries included in Na
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93 Table 5A. Entries in the Nationa
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95 References Ahmad, S., Rodriguez,
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Yellow rust (YR) is one of the most
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99 Table 1. Yellow rust reaction of
Page 111 and 112:
101 100 90 80 CHECKS IW IWWIP CAC E
Page 113 and 114:
• To investigate the effectivenes
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105 Figure 1. Locations of yellow r
Page 117 and 118:
Table 2. Terminal reaction of diffe
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Isogenic lines possessing Yr9 and Y
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Inqilab 91 at Nowshera, Swabi and M
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Selection of yellow rust-resistant
Page 125 and 126:
These genotypes—depending on the
Page 127 and 128:
Reaction of some international whea
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nurseries were irrigated with mist
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Name Pedigree Source 23 Tevee'S'//B
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Name Pedigree Source 71 NS732/HER S
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Name Pedigree Source 41 Gcn/4/D68-1
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127 Role of yellow rust-resistance
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genes, such as with Yr6 in cultivar
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Dubin, H.J., Johnson, R. & Stubbs,
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134 Yellow rust of wheat in Ethiopi
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136 Virulence of stripe rust on dif
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138 Turkey, Lebanon and Syria. Race
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140 Evaluation of seedling and adul
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142 of resistance not only to yello
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144 Yellow rust reaction, disease d
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146
Page 158 and 159:
148 Outputs of the ten years of eva
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150 Characterization of resistance
Page 162 and 163:
152 Results of testing winter wheat
Page 164 and 165:
154 Dr Valentina Ibragimoval, Kyrgy
Page 166 and 167:
156 Surveys of yellow rust populati
Page 168 and 169:
158 nurseries. ICARDA, at its headq
Page 170 and 171:
160 Table 2. Yellow rust differenti
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162 Table 4. Selected elite cultiva
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164 Table 7 shows the relative effe
Page 176 and 177:
166 Table 8. Field reaction of whea
Page 178 and 179:
168 Syria, Lebanon, Iran and Turkey
Page 180 and 181:
170 Regional Conference on Yellow R
Page 182 and 183:
172 moderate and high levels of res
Page 184 and 185:
174 Umanka. The same disease reacti
Page 186 and 187:
176 genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8 a
Page 188 and 189:
178 Table 3. Resistance to yellow r
Page 190 and 191:
180 Monitoring bread wheat genotype
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182 3000 masl. Susceptible check cv
Page 194 and 195:
184 Table3. Disease severity and re
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186 with great effect, particularly
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188 Conclusion Relatively old bread
Page 201 and 202:
191 Abstracts of other papers prese
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193 Global perspectives in wheat ye
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195 Yellow rust in Central and West
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197 Outputs of the ten-year evaluat
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199 Yellow rust resistance of bread
Page 211 and 212:
201 Influence of weather conditions
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203 Virulent pathotypes of yellow r
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associated with a greater yielding
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een based on a single major gene or
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209 Monitoring stripe [yellow] rust
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211 Pathotype and molecular variabi
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Functional analysis of yellow rust
Page 225 and 226:
215 Study on resistance reaction of
Page 227 and 228:
217 Resistance of International Win
Page 229 and 230:
219 Researching the influence of an
Page 231 and 232:
Australian pathotypes of Puccinia s
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and cultural practices have been ad
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225 Development of a detached leaf
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227 Virulence variation of Puccinia
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intervals and also as the border of
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231 Virus-induced gene silencing in
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233 Inheritance of resistance to ye
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generated from monogenically segreg
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• slow-rusting genes: Yr9, Yr12,
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239 Meeting the Challenge of Yellow
Page 251 and 252:
241 Contents List of participants i
Page 253 and 254:
Resistance response of promising wh
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Constructing physical and genomic m
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Inheritance of yellow rust resistan
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249 Algeria List of participants Dr
Page 261 and 262:
Tajikistan Prof. Dr Hafiz Muminjano
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Identification of effective and dur
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For each resistant genotype (Table
Page 267 and 268:
257 Figure 1. AUDPC of ineffective
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259 Figure 3. AUDPC of susceptible
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Among the wheat lines tested, 51% c
Page 273 and 274:
263 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
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wheat germplasm lines from were tes
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An analysis of the 2009 epidemic of
Page 279 and 280:
Overall yield loss estimation A gen
Page 281 and 282:
271 Table 4a. Monthly mean temperat
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Further studies on Yr9 virulent pat
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evaluation, these varieties were ha
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277 Table 1. Genotype response to p
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may result in losses of up to 70% i
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Table 1A. Wheat yellow rust scenari
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283 Table 1C. Wheat yellow rust sce
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285 No. Cultivar/Yr genes Yellow ru
Page 297 and 298:
Roelfs, A.P., Singh. R.P. & Saari,
Page 299 and 300:
289 Materials and methods This stud
Page 301 and 302:
ineffective (Yahyaoui et al., 2004)
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Combining high yield potential and
Page 305 and 306:
Breeding for yellow rust-resistant
Page 307 and 308:
It is evident from Table 3 that Lu2
Page 309 and 310:
299 Table 4. Rust reactions in hot-
Page 311 and 312:
Evaluation of Indian wheat genotype
Page 313 and 314:
components individually is quite la
Page 315 and 316:
305 Table 1. Grouping of AVT-2nd ye
Page 317 and 318:
Effective and ineffective resistanc
Page 319 and 320:
seedling resistance and adult plant
Page 321 and 322:
The cultivars expressing an infecti
Page 323 and 324:
New approaches in traditional resis
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(resistant × resistant); susceptib
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twice that of resistant ones. When
Page 329 and 330:
nurseries from Oklahoma University
Page 331 and 332:
321 Figure 1. Map of the Republic o
Page 333 and 334:
323 % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 335 and 336:
In comparison with the local variet
Page 337 and 338:
327 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
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Virulence and avirulence factors of
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(Peterson, Campbell and Hannah, 194
Page 343 and 344:
333 No. Genotype Gene(s) Severity a
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An overview of results of five year
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combinations of adult plant resista
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Sources of resistance to wheat stri
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APR. A spectacular example was the
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In our breeding programme we are lo
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345 Introduction Stripe Rust of whe
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Table 1. Adult plant infection type
Page 359 and 360:
Dehghani, H., Moghadam, M.R., Ghann
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species in the region determined th
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353 Table 4. The materials tested f
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Breeding for resistance to rust dis
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diseases, powdery mildew, sunn pest
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359 References Dzhunusova, M., Yahy
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high yielding widely grown cultivar
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susceptible to susceptible in 2007,
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Of the yellow rust samples collecte
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367 Abstracts of other papers prese
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369 Monitoring pathogen dynamics in
Page 381 and 382:
1980s. Occurrence of virulence for
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373 Race changes of Puccinia striif
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375 High-temperature, adult-plant (
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types with race Pst-3 than with Pst
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379 Investigation of genetic resist
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381 Gene sequencing reveals heterok
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383 Molecular characterization of w
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papillae, cell wall appositions and
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infection are obtained through arti
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2000 masl; Ae. cylindrica is locate
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391 Reaction of winter facultative
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393 Yellow rust in the south of Ukr
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395 Study of diverse winter wheat g
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397 Yellow rust epidemics and virul
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399 Wheat yellow rust situation in
Page 411 and 412:
401 Inheritance of yellow rust resi
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infection of the pathogen for four
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Club and other susceptible wheat cv
Page 417 and 418:
407 Selection of wheat cultivars fo
Page 419 and 420:
conditions. In 2006 and 2008, due t
Page 421 and 422:
411 Regulation of development of ye
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