Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops - ICARDA

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400 conditions. During this period, no epidemic of yellow rust developed under natural conditions. Thus, all testing was conducted under artificial inoculation. Each year, the plants were inoculated by a bulk of yellow rust uredospores with a virulence spectrum against Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr2+, YrSD and YrA. According to the results, the majority of registered bread and durum wheat varieties and candidates were susceptible to yellow rust. However, some recently developed varieties, namely Yakar 99 and Demir 2000, were immune to the disease, while other lines, such as Ikizce 96, Mızrak, Aksel 2000, Bayraktar 2000, and Atlı 2002, were resistant, with maximum Coefficient of Infection (CI) scores
401 Inheritance of yellow rust resistance in wheat cultivar Sönmez K. Akan, 1 Z. Mert, 1 , L. Çetin, 1 F. Düşünceli, 1 , N. Bolat, 2 M. Çakmak 2 and S. Belen 2 1. Central Research Institute for Field Crops, Ankara, Turkey; 2. Anatolian Agricultural Research Institute, Eskisehir, Turkey Yellow rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici, is one of the most damaging diseases affecting yield and quality in wheat in Turkey and worldwide. Among all the control measures of yellow rust, genetic resistance is the most economical and practical mean of control, causing no additional cost to the farmer. Use of genetic resistance and development of resistant cultivars are very important to control the disease. Additionally, genetic resistance is an environmentally safe control measure. The most widely utilized resistance mechanism for yellow rust is a race-specific type (generally under mono- or polygenic control). At present, more than 30 resistance genes have been described. Sönmez 2001 is a wheat cultivar with resistance to yellow rust that was released for the central Anatolia region. The objective of the present study was to determine the inheritance of resistance in cv. Sönmez 2001 bread wheat. Resistances at adult and seedling stages of segregating F 2 plants obtained from a Sönmez 2001 × Aytın 98 cross were determined under artificial disease conditions produced using appropriate inoculation methods in the field and greenhouse. For the adult plant stage test, the F 2 plants and the parents were sown by hand in rows 2-m long in October 2006. The F 2 plants for the seedling stage test, the parents and the susceptible checks were sown in small pots and kept in the greenhouse until scored in March 2007. A yellow rust population virulent on Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr2+, YrSD and YrA was used for inoculation of both seedling and adult plants. Analysis using a Chi-squared test confirmed that resistance is controlled by a minor gene in cv. Sönmez 2001.
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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iii Foreword Wheat is grown on roug
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v Preface The Central and West Asia
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vii About this publication This vol
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ix 2nd Regional Yellow Rust Confere
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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4 Epidemiology of wheat yellow rust
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6 Prevalent yellow rust pathotypes
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8 Pakistan Dr Badaruddin Soomro, PA
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10 Dr Naeem Ahmad, Wheat Research I
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Yellow rust of wheat in Nepal: an o
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inoculum originating from infected
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17 Control Efforts were made to dev
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Karki, C.B. 1994. Genetics of rust
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No virulence was observed on plants
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23 Results and discussion In the tw
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Virulence to yellow rust resistance
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and Yr27, the seedling data may not
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Yield evaluations of the PBW 343- a
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variation for yellow rust resistanc
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A number of Kauz-derived cvs, e.g.
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Kisana, S.N., Mujahid, Y.M. & Musta
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37 Material and methods Wheat nurse
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Challenge of a new race of Puccinia
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41 Table 1. Response of the yellow
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43 Occurrence and importance of yel
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To better explain the differences i
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Weather data were taken from the ne
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Disease progress stopped, in genera
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Roelfs, A.P. 1985. Epidemiology in
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The wheat stripe rust pathogen over
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55 6E150A+ 4E8A+ 6E130A+ 130E2A+ 6E
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Agriculture-guided evolution of pat
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Yr SD, Yr SU and YrA was observed.
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The data presented in Table 3 show
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Kirmani, M.A.S. 1980. Comparative e
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ust infection at the CIMMYT station
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67 Table 1. Estimation of the numbe
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Resistance to stripe rust disease o
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may be from the Aegilops parent as
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McNeal, F.H., Konzak, C.F., Smith,
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Disease severity (percentage of rus
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77 Table 2. Genetic analysis of res
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Defence mechanisms against rust, an
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for the biosynthesis of a large num
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components of the signalling pathwa
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Xing, T., Wang, X.J., Malik, K. & M
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provided for final decision regardi
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spreader, cv. Morocco. The data was
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91 Table 4A. Entries included in Na
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93 Table 5A. Entries in the Nationa
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95 References Ahmad, S., Rodriguez,
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Yellow rust (YR) is one of the most
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99 Table 1. Yellow rust reaction of
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101 100 90 80 CHECKS IW IWWIP CAC E
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• To investigate the effectivenes
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105 Figure 1. Locations of yellow r
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Table 2. Terminal reaction of diffe
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Isogenic lines possessing Yr9 and Y
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Inqilab 91 at Nowshera, Swabi and M
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Selection of yellow rust-resistant
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These genotypes—depending on the
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Reaction of some international whea
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nurseries were irrigated with mist
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Name Pedigree Source 23 Tevee'S'//B
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Name Pedigree Source 71 NS732/HER S
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Name Pedigree Source 41 Gcn/4/D68-1
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127 Role of yellow rust-resistance
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genes, such as with Yr6 in cultivar
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Dubin, H.J., Johnson, R. & Stubbs,
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134 Yellow rust of wheat in Ethiopi
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136 Virulence of stripe rust on dif
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138 Turkey, Lebanon and Syria. Race
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140 Evaluation of seedling and adul
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142 of resistance not only to yello
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144 Yellow rust reaction, disease d
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146
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148 Outputs of the ten years of eva
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150 Characterization of resistance
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152 Results of testing winter wheat
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154 Dr Valentina Ibragimoval, Kyrgy
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156 Surveys of yellow rust populati
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158 nurseries. ICARDA, at its headq
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160 Table 2. Yellow rust differenti
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162 Table 4. Selected elite cultiva
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164 Table 7 shows the relative effe
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166 Table 8. Field reaction of whea
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168 Syria, Lebanon, Iran and Turkey
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170 Regional Conference on Yellow R
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172 moderate and high levels of res
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174 Umanka. The same disease reacti
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176 genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8 a
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178 Table 3. Resistance to yellow r
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180 Monitoring bread wheat genotype
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182 3000 masl. Susceptible check cv
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184 Table3. Disease severity and re
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186 with great effect, particularly
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188 Conclusion Relatively old bread
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191 Abstracts of other papers prese
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193 Global perspectives in wheat ye
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195 Yellow rust in Central and West
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197 Outputs of the ten-year evaluat
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199 Yellow rust resistance of bread
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201 Influence of weather conditions
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203 Virulent pathotypes of yellow r
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associated with a greater yielding
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een based on a single major gene or
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209 Monitoring stripe [yellow] rust
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211 Pathotype and molecular variabi
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Functional analysis of yellow rust
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215 Study on resistance reaction of
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217 Resistance of International Win
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219 Researching the influence of an
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Australian pathotypes of Puccinia s
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and cultural practices have been ad
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225 Development of a detached leaf
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227 Virulence variation of Puccinia
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intervals and also as the border of
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231 Virus-induced gene silencing in
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233 Inheritance of resistance to ye
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generated from monogenically segreg
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• slow-rusting genes: Yr9, Yr12,
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239 Meeting the Challenge of Yellow
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241 Contents List of participants i
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Resistance response of promising wh
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Constructing physical and genomic m
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Inheritance of yellow rust resistan
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249 Algeria List of participants Dr
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Tajikistan Prof. Dr Hafiz Muminjano
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Identification of effective and dur
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For each resistant genotype (Table
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257 Figure 1. AUDPC of ineffective
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259 Figure 3. AUDPC of susceptible
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Among the wheat lines tested, 51% c
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263 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
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wheat germplasm lines from were tes
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An analysis of the 2009 epidemic of
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Overall yield loss estimation A gen
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271 Table 4a. Monthly mean temperat
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Further studies on Yr9 virulent pat
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evaluation, these varieties were ha
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277 Table 1. Genotype response to p
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may result in losses of up to 70% i
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Table 1A. Wheat yellow rust scenari
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283 Table 1C. Wheat yellow rust sce
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285 No. Cultivar/Yr genes Yellow ru
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Roelfs, A.P., Singh. R.P. & Saari,
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289 Materials and methods This stud
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ineffective (Yahyaoui et al., 2004)
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Combining high yield potential and
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Breeding for yellow rust-resistant
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It is evident from Table 3 that Lu2
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299 Table 4. Rust reactions in hot-
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Evaluation of Indian wheat genotype
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components individually is quite la
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305 Table 1. Grouping of AVT-2nd ye
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Effective and ineffective resistanc
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seedling resistance and adult plant
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The cultivars expressing an infecti
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New approaches in traditional resis
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(resistant × resistant); susceptib
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twice that of resistant ones. When
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nurseries from Oklahoma University
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321 Figure 1. Map of the Republic o
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323 % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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In comparison with the local variet
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327 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
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Virulence and avirulence factors of
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(Peterson, Campbell and Hannah, 194
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333 No. Genotype Gene(s) Severity a
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An overview of results of five year
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combinations of adult plant resista
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Sources of resistance to wheat stri
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APR. A spectacular example was the
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In our breeding programme we are lo
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345 Introduction Stripe Rust of whe
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Table 1. Adult plant infection type
Page 359 and 360: Dehghani, H., Moghadam, M.R., Ghann
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Page 363 and 364: 353 Table 4. The materials tested f
Page 365 and 366: Breeding for resistance to rust dis
Page 367 and 368: diseases, powdery mildew, sunn pest
Page 369 and 370: 359 References Dzhunusova, M., Yahy
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Page 375 and 376: Of the yellow rust samples collecte
Page 377 and 378: 367 Abstracts of other papers prese
Page 379 and 380: 369 Monitoring pathogen dynamics in
Page 381 and 382: 1980s. Occurrence of virulence for
Page 383 and 384: 373 Race changes of Puccinia striif
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Page 387 and 388: types with race Pst-3 than with Pst
Page 389 and 390: 379 Investigation of genetic resist
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Page 393 and 394: 383 Molecular characterization of w
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Page 399 and 400: 2000 masl; Ae. cylindrica is locate
Page 401 and 402: 391 Reaction of winter facultative
Page 403 and 404: 393 Yellow rust in the south of Ukr
Page 405 and 406: 395 Study of diverse winter wheat g
Page 407 and 408: 397 Yellow rust epidemics and virul
Page 409: 399 Wheat yellow rust situation in
Page 413 and 414: infection of the pathogen for four
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Page 417 and 418: 407 Selection of wheat cultivars fo
Page 419 and 420: conditions. In 2006 and 2008, due t
Page 421 and 422: 411 Regulation of development of ye
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