Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops - ICARDA

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362 Sorokina (1977). The decimal system of numbering was used for the designation of races. The base of this system is two characters: 0 for resistant type and 1 for susceptible. The first number was according to the international number, then followed by the number in the European set, indicated by letter E between the two numbers. Disease severity and adult plant response was recorded following McIntosh, Wellings and Park (1995). Five infection types are described: 0 = immune (no uredia or other symptoms of disease infection); R = resistant (uredia minute, supported by distinct necrotic areas); MR = moderately resistant (uredia small to medium, in green islands surrounded by chlorotic tissue); MS = moderately susceptible (uredia medium in size, no necrosis but chlorotic areas may be present); and S = susceptible (uredia large, no necrosis but chlorosis may be evident). Cv. Morocco and local cv. Steklovidnaya 24 were used as susceptible checks, for multiplication of the pathogen spores in the greenhouse and as spreaders in the field tests. Genetic analysis based on the reaction data of RILs to infection was used for identifying the genes for resistance. Observed and expected data were analysed using the Chi-squared test (Serebrovsky, 1970). Results The results of field evaluation of wheat isogenic lines and yellow rust differentials in Almalybak (Almaty oblast) indicated that the most effective resistant sources against stripe rust in this region are those of genes Yr5, Yr10, Yr15 and Yr24, which demonstrated 0-R infection types. In comparison with 2006 and 2007 (Kokhmetova et al., 2007), most carriers of yellow rust resistance genes were susceptible in 2009. The carriers of Yr1 were susceptible: 40S on Chinese 166 and 80S on the isogenic line Yr1/6*Avocet S. In 2007, Heines VII (Yr2, Yr11 and Yr25) demonstrated a high level of resistance (IT 0), but in 2009 this cultivar was highly susceptible (IT 80S). Cv. Kalyansona (Yr2) showed 60S, but Sonalika, which also has Yr2, was resistant (IT 0). The same reaction was observed on carriers of Yr3: cultivar Vilmorin 23 (Yr3a and YrV23) was moderately susceptible (10MS), but cultivars Nord Desprеz (Yr3a, YrND) Hybrid 46 (Yr4b and YrH46) were susceptible (40S) in 2009. However, in previous years (2005–2007) these cultivars were more resistant to yellow rust. Cultivars Heines Peko (Yr6 and YrHP) and Oxley (Yr6 + APR) were highly resistant (R), while the isogenic line Yr6/6*Avocet S was susceptible (100S). Cranbrook (Yr7), Lee (Yr7, Yr22, Yr23) and Reichenberg 42 (Yr7) demonstrated a high level of resistance (IT 0-R), but in previous years the first two cultivars were susceptible (20-30S). However, Corella (Yr6+Yr7) and Yr7/6*Avocet S were susceptible (60S). The presence of genes Yr8 and Yr18 in cv. Compare provided an R-MR reaction under severe yellow rust development in 2009. The source of Yr9, Federation 4/Kavkaz, Clement, Federation and the Yr9/6*Avocet isogenic line were moderately
susceptible to susceptible in 2007, but this year they became highly susceptible (70-90S). Consistent resistant reaction was observed in the Yr5/6*Avocet S, Yr10/6*Avocet S and Yr15/6* Avocet S isogenic lines (IT 0-R). The Yr18/6*Avocet S isogenic line was more susceptible (90S) in comparison with cv. Anza, having YrA and Yr18 (30MS). Cv. Cook, with adult-plant resistance (APR) was resistant (IT 0). The highest level of susceptibility was observed on cultivars Avocet S, Jupateco S and isogenic lines Yr1/6*Avocet S, Yr2/6*Avocet S, Yr6/6*Avocet S, Yr7/6*Avocet S, Yr9/6*Avocet S, 3*Avocet S and YrSk/3*Avocet S (IT 80-100S). Virulences to resistance genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr17 and Yr18 have occurred in our region. The predominant pathotypes in the population of P. striiformis f.sp. tritici are the races virulent to these genes. The study of the inheritance of resistance is very important for improving stripe rust resistance. Genetic analysis was done to determine inheritance of yellow rust resistance of recombinant inbred lines Almaly × Avocet S. In this cross of RILs, resistant cultivar Almaly was crossed with susceptible check Avocet S to determine inheritance of resistance. Segregating ratios of resistant to susceptible plant of RILs were used to estimate the number of genes segregating for resistance in the cross. Seedling tests for resistance to stripe rust were done for 173 RILs Almaly/Avocet S. Plants were tested under controlled greenhouse conditions. The reactions of the wheat genotypes, when tested with two races of P. striiformis f.sp. tritici, are shown in Table 1. Resistance to race 27E9 was detected in 73 lines out of 174 (IT 0–2). Race 27E9 was virulent on 101 RILs. 363 Table 1. Observed numbers of wheat plants or lines in reaction groups for parents and RILs of cross Almaly/Avocet S when tested with different races of P. striiformis f.sp. tritici No. of Genotype Test Parent or genotypes Expected race population IT 0–2 0 IT 3–4 ratio (Res.) (Sus.) RILs Almaly/Avocet S 27E9 Almaly 15 — — Avocet S –– 14 — RILs 73 101 27:37 RILs Almaly/Avocet S 47E159 Almaly 13 — — Avocet S — 12 — RILs 107 67 37:27 No. of genes conferring resistance 3 recessive complementary genes 3 dominant complementary genes P value 0.95 0.20– 0.50
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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iii Foreword Wheat is grown on roug
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v Preface The Central and West Asia
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vii About this publication This vol
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ix 2nd Regional Yellow Rust Confere
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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4 Epidemiology of wheat yellow rust
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6 Prevalent yellow rust pathotypes
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8 Pakistan Dr Badaruddin Soomro, PA
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10 Dr Naeem Ahmad, Wheat Research I
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Yellow rust of wheat in Nepal: an o
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inoculum originating from infected
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17 Control Efforts were made to dev
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Karki, C.B. 1994. Genetics of rust
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No virulence was observed on plants
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23 Results and discussion In the tw
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Virulence to yellow rust resistance
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and Yr27, the seedling data may not
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Yield evaluations of the PBW 343- a
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variation for yellow rust resistanc
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A number of Kauz-derived cvs, e.g.
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Kisana, S.N., Mujahid, Y.M. & Musta
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37 Material and methods Wheat nurse
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Challenge of a new race of Puccinia
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41 Table 1. Response of the yellow
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43 Occurrence and importance of yel
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To better explain the differences i
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Weather data were taken from the ne
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Disease progress stopped, in genera
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Roelfs, A.P. 1985. Epidemiology in
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The wheat stripe rust pathogen over
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55 6E150A+ 4E8A+ 6E130A+ 130E2A+ 6E
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Agriculture-guided evolution of pat
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Yr SD, Yr SU and YrA was observed.
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The data presented in Table 3 show
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Kirmani, M.A.S. 1980. Comparative e
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ust infection at the CIMMYT station
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67 Table 1. Estimation of the numbe
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Resistance to stripe rust disease o
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may be from the Aegilops parent as
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McNeal, F.H., Konzak, C.F., Smith,
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Disease severity (percentage of rus
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77 Table 2. Genetic analysis of res
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Defence mechanisms against rust, an
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for the biosynthesis of a large num
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components of the signalling pathwa
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Xing, T., Wang, X.J., Malik, K. & M
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provided for final decision regardi
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spreader, cv. Morocco. The data was
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91 Table 4A. Entries included in Na
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93 Table 5A. Entries in the Nationa
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95 References Ahmad, S., Rodriguez,
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Yellow rust (YR) is one of the most
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99 Table 1. Yellow rust reaction of
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101 100 90 80 CHECKS IW IWWIP CAC E
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• To investigate the effectivenes
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105 Figure 1. Locations of yellow r
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Table 2. Terminal reaction of diffe
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Isogenic lines possessing Yr9 and Y
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Inqilab 91 at Nowshera, Swabi and M
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Selection of yellow rust-resistant
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These genotypes—depending on the
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Reaction of some international whea
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nurseries were irrigated with mist
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Name Pedigree Source 23 Tevee'S'//B
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Name Pedigree Source 71 NS732/HER S
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Name Pedigree Source 41 Gcn/4/D68-1
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127 Role of yellow rust-resistance
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genes, such as with Yr6 in cultivar
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Dubin, H.J., Johnson, R. & Stubbs,
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134 Yellow rust of wheat in Ethiopi
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136 Virulence of stripe rust on dif
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138 Turkey, Lebanon and Syria. Race
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140 Evaluation of seedling and adul
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142 of resistance not only to yello
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144 Yellow rust reaction, disease d
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146
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148 Outputs of the ten years of eva
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150 Characterization of resistance
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152 Results of testing winter wheat
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154 Dr Valentina Ibragimoval, Kyrgy
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156 Surveys of yellow rust populati
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158 nurseries. ICARDA, at its headq
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160 Table 2. Yellow rust differenti
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162 Table 4. Selected elite cultiva
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164 Table 7 shows the relative effe
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166 Table 8. Field reaction of whea
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168 Syria, Lebanon, Iran and Turkey
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170 Regional Conference on Yellow R
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172 moderate and high levels of res
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174 Umanka. The same disease reacti
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176 genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8 a
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178 Table 3. Resistance to yellow r
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180 Monitoring bread wheat genotype
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182 3000 masl. Susceptible check cv
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184 Table3. Disease severity and re
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186 with great effect, particularly
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188 Conclusion Relatively old bread
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191 Abstracts of other papers prese
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193 Global perspectives in wheat ye
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195 Yellow rust in Central and West
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197 Outputs of the ten-year evaluat
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199 Yellow rust resistance of bread
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201 Influence of weather conditions
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203 Virulent pathotypes of yellow r
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associated with a greater yielding
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een based on a single major gene or
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209 Monitoring stripe [yellow] rust
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211 Pathotype and molecular variabi
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Functional analysis of yellow rust
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215 Study on resistance reaction of
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217 Resistance of International Win
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219 Researching the influence of an
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Australian pathotypes of Puccinia s
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and cultural practices have been ad
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225 Development of a detached leaf
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227 Virulence variation of Puccinia
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intervals and also as the border of
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231 Virus-induced gene silencing in
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233 Inheritance of resistance to ye
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generated from monogenically segreg
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• slow-rusting genes: Yr9, Yr12,
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239 Meeting the Challenge of Yellow
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241 Contents List of participants i
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Resistance response of promising wh
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Constructing physical and genomic m
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Inheritance of yellow rust resistan
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249 Algeria List of participants Dr
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Tajikistan Prof. Dr Hafiz Muminjano
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Identification of effective and dur
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For each resistant genotype (Table
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257 Figure 1. AUDPC of ineffective
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259 Figure 3. AUDPC of susceptible
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Among the wheat lines tested, 51% c
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263 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
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wheat germplasm lines from were tes
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An analysis of the 2009 epidemic of
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Overall yield loss estimation A gen
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271 Table 4a. Monthly mean temperat
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Further studies on Yr9 virulent pat
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evaluation, these varieties were ha
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277 Table 1. Genotype response to p
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may result in losses of up to 70% i
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Table 1A. Wheat yellow rust scenari
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283 Table 1C. Wheat yellow rust sce
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285 No. Cultivar/Yr genes Yellow ru
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Roelfs, A.P., Singh. R.P. & Saari,
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289 Materials and methods This stud
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ineffective (Yahyaoui et al., 2004)
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Combining high yield potential and
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Breeding for yellow rust-resistant
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It is evident from Table 3 that Lu2
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299 Table 4. Rust reactions in hot-
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Evaluation of Indian wheat genotype
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components individually is quite la
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305 Table 1. Grouping of AVT-2nd ye
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Effective and ineffective resistanc
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seedling resistance and adult plant
Page 321 and 322: The cultivars expressing an infecti
Page 323 and 324: New approaches in traditional resis
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Page 327 and 328: twice that of resistant ones. When
Page 329 and 330: nurseries from Oklahoma University
Page 331 and 332: 321 Figure 1. Map of the Republic o
Page 333 and 334: 323 % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 335 and 336: In comparison with the local variet
Page 337 and 338: 327 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
Page 339 and 340: Virulence and avirulence factors of
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Page 343 and 344: 333 No. Genotype Gene(s) Severity a
Page 345 and 346: An overview of results of five year
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Page 349 and 350: Sources of resistance to wheat stri
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Page 353 and 354: In our breeding programme we are lo
Page 355 and 356: 345 Introduction Stripe Rust of whe
Page 357 and 358: Table 1. Adult plant infection type
Page 359 and 360: Dehghani, H., Moghadam, M.R., Ghann
Page 361 and 362: species in the region determined th
Page 363 and 364: 353 Table 4. The materials tested f
Page 365 and 366: Breeding for resistance to rust dis
Page 367 and 368: diseases, powdery mildew, sunn pest
Page 369 and 370: 359 References Dzhunusova, M., Yahy
Page 371: high yielding widely grown cultivar
Page 375 and 376: Of the yellow rust samples collecte
Page 377 and 378: 367 Abstracts of other papers prese
Page 379 and 380: 369 Monitoring pathogen dynamics in
Page 381 and 382: 1980s. Occurrence of virulence for
Page 383 and 384: 373 Race changes of Puccinia striif
Page 385 and 386: 375 High-temperature, adult-plant (
Page 387 and 388: types with race Pst-3 than with Pst
Page 389 and 390: 379 Investigation of genetic resist
Page 391 and 392: 381 Gene sequencing reveals heterok
Page 393 and 394: 383 Molecular characterization of w
Page 395 and 396: papillae, cell wall appositions and
Page 397 and 398: infection are obtained through arti
Page 399 and 400: 2000 masl; Ae. cylindrica is locate
Page 401 and 402: 391 Reaction of winter facultative
Page 403 and 404: 393 Yellow rust in the south of Ukr
Page 405 and 406: 395 Study of diverse winter wheat g
Page 407 and 408: 397 Yellow rust epidemics and virul
Page 409 and 410: 399 Wheat yellow rust situation in
Page 411 and 412: 401 Inheritance of yellow rust resi
Page 413 and 414: infection of the pathogen for four
Page 415 and 416: Club and other susceptible wheat cv
Page 417 and 418: 407 Selection of wheat cultivars fo
Page 419 and 420: conditions. In 2006 and 2008, due t
Page 421 and 422: 411 Regulation of development of ye
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops - ICARDA

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