Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops - ICARDA

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18 Although 1 or 2 sprays of triadimefon (as Bayleton 25%) or oxycarboxin (as Plantvax-20) are effective using even low doses (275–500 g a.i./ha), the high cost and unavailability of fungicide make this option not possible for farmers. Early sowings (before November 15) escape yellow rust infection, but in many irrigated lands where wheat is grown after rice, sowing is delayed. Yellow rust is favoured by nitrogen. Application of phosphorus and potash, however, lessen the infection. Thus, using a recommended fertilizer dose helps control the rust. Lastly, since it provides rust inoculum to the normal season wheat in lower hills and valleys, cultivation of off-season wheat should be discouraged. Conclusion Yellow rust is a threat to wheat cultivation in Nepal, particularly in the midhills. Due to the topography, information on the distribution of rusts is lacking. Well equipped greenhouses are needed in Nepal to conduct seedling tests and allow timely production of inoculum for satisfactory field screening. Effective and durable resistance genes need to be incorporated. Regular survey and monitoring, detailed epidemiological studies and extensive pathotype analysis of rust samples need to be continued in close collaboration with scientists of neighbouring countries to sustain an effective management strategy. Acknowledgements Dr C.B. Karki is indebted to Mr R.P. Sapkota, Dr R.P. Sah and Dr S.P. Pandey (NARC) for nominating him to attend the conference, and to CIMMYT-Nepal for sponsoring the travel. The authors are grateful to Mr S. Pradhan, CIMMYT- Nepal, for his technical assistance. References Johnson, R. 1988. Durable resistance to yellow (stripe) rust in wheat and its implications in plant breeding. pp. 63–75, in: N.W. Simmonds and S. Rajaram (editors). Breeding strategies for resistance to the rusts of wheat. CIMMYT, Mexico. Johnson, R., Stubbs, R.W., Fuchs, E., Chamberlaine, N.H. 1972. Nomenclature for physiological races of Puccinia striiformis infecting wheat. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 58: 475–480. Karki, C.B. 1980. Evaluation of Nepalese wheat and barley varieties in the seedling stage on their resistance to yellow rust. Report submitted to the Research Institute for Plant Protection (IPO), Wageningen, the Netherlands. 21 p. Karki, C.B. 1989. Wheat yellow rust and monitoring virulence of its pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici, in Nepal. Regional Seminar on Microbial Research. Royal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Kathmandu.
Karki, C.B. 1994. Genetics of rust resistance of some Nepalese wheat and barely cultivars. A research study carried out at the DWR Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, India. 41 p. Karki, C.B. 1998. Wheat disease report 1997–98. Winter Crops Research Workshop, Siddhartha Nagar, (Bhairahawa) Nepal. Karki, C.B. & Sharma, S. 1990. Wheat disease report 1989–90. pp. 189–206, in: Proceedings of the 13th National Winter Crops Seminar, NWRP, Siddhartha Nagar. Khadka, B.B. & Shah, S.M. 1967. Preliminary list of plant diseases recorded in Nepal. Nepal Journal of Agriculture, 2: 47–56. Louwers, J.M., van Silfhout, C.H. & Stubbs, R.W. 1992. Race analysis of yellow rust in wheat in developing countries. Report 1990–92. IPO-DLO Report, 92-11. 23 p. Mahato, B.N. 1996. Genetics of rust resistance of selected wheat lines and mapping of pathotype flora of leaf rust in Nepal. DWR Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, India. 53 p. Nagarajan, S., Nayar, S.K., Bhadur, P. & Kumar, J. 1986. Wheat pathology and wheat improvement. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Flowerdale, Shimla, India. Nayar, S.K., Prashar, M., Kumar, J. & Bhardwaj, S.C. 1992. Prevalence of wheat rust pathogens and identification of rust resistance genes. 31st All-India Wheat Research Workers’ Workshop, IARI, New Delhi, India. Sharma, S. 1997. Virulence monitoring and detection of leaf and yellow rust resistance genes in Nepalese wheat varieties. DWR Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, India, 25 p. Sharma, S., Louwers, J.M., Karki, C.B. & Snijders, C.H.A. 1995. Postulation of resistance genes to yellow rust in wild emmer wheat derivatives and advanced wheat lines from Nepal. Euphytica, 81: 271–277. Singh, R.P. 1992. Association between gene Lr34 for leaf rust resistance and leaf tip necrosis in wheat. Crop Science, 32: 874–878. Upreti, R.P. & Karki, C.B. 1999. Effects of fungicides on yellow rust, grain yield and thousand kernel weight of wheat. Nepal Agricultural Research Journal, 3: 107–109. 19
Page 1 and 2: Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
Page 3 and 4: iii Foreword Wheat is grown on roug
Page 5 and 6: v Preface The Central and West Asia
Page 7 and 8: vii About this publication This vol
Page 9 and 10: ix 2nd Regional Yellow Rust Confere
Page 11: Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
Page 14 and 15: 4 Epidemiology of wheat yellow rust
Page 16 and 17: 6 Prevalent yellow rust pathotypes
Page 18 and 19: 8 Pakistan Dr Badaruddin Soomro, PA
Page 20 and 21: 10 Dr Naeem Ahmad, Wheat Research I
Page 23 and 24: Yellow rust of wheat in Nepal: an o
Page 25 and 26: inoculum originating from infected
Page 27: 17 Control Efforts were made to dev
Page 31 and 32: No virulence was observed on plants
Page 33 and 34: 23 Results and discussion In the tw
Page 35 and 36: Virulence to yellow rust resistance
Page 37 and 38: and Yr27, the seedling data may not
Page 39 and 40: Yield evaluations of the PBW 343- a
Page 41 and 42: variation for yellow rust resistanc
Page 43 and 44: A number of Kauz-derived cvs, e.g.
Page 45 and 46: Kisana, S.N., Mujahid, Y.M. & Musta
Page 47 and 48: 37 Material and methods Wheat nurse
Page 49 and 50: Challenge of a new race of Puccinia
Page 51 and 52: 41 Table 1. Response of the yellow
Page 53 and 54: 43 Occurrence and importance of yel
Page 55 and 56: To better explain the differences i
Page 57 and 58: Weather data were taken from the ne
Page 59 and 60: Disease progress stopped, in genera
Page 61 and 62: Roelfs, A.P. 1985. Epidemiology in
Page 63 and 64: The wheat stripe rust pathogen over
Page 65 and 66: 55 6E150A+ 4E8A+ 6E130A+ 130E2A+ 6E
Page 67 and 68: Agriculture-guided evolution of pat
Page 69 and 70: Yr SD, Yr SU and YrA was observed.
Page 71 and 72: The data presented in Table 3 show
Page 73 and 74: Kirmani, M.A.S. 1980. Comparative e
Page 75 and 76: ust infection at the CIMMYT station
Page 77 and 78: 67 Table 1. Estimation of the numbe
Page 79 and 80:
Resistance to stripe rust disease o
Page 81 and 82:
may be from the Aegilops parent as
Page 83 and 84:
McNeal, F.H., Konzak, C.F., Smith,
Page 85 and 86:
Disease severity (percentage of rus
Page 87 and 88:
77 Table 2. Genetic analysis of res
Page 89 and 90:
Defence mechanisms against rust, an
Page 91 and 92:
for the biosynthesis of a large num
Page 93 and 94:
components of the signalling pathwa
Page 95 and 96:
Xing, T., Wang, X.J., Malik, K. & M
Page 97 and 98:
provided for final decision regardi
Page 99 and 100:
spreader, cv. Morocco. The data was
Page 101 and 102:
91 Table 4A. Entries included in Na
Page 103 and 104:
93 Table 5A. Entries in the Nationa
Page 105 and 106:
95 References Ahmad, S., Rodriguez,
Page 107 and 108:
Yellow rust (YR) is one of the most
Page 109 and 110:
99 Table 1. Yellow rust reaction of
Page 111 and 112:
101 100 90 80 CHECKS IW IWWIP CAC E
Page 113 and 114:
• To investigate the effectivenes
Page 115 and 116:
105 Figure 1. Locations of yellow r
Page 117 and 118:
Table 2. Terminal reaction of diffe
Page 119 and 120:
Isogenic lines possessing Yr9 and Y
Page 121 and 122:
Inqilab 91 at Nowshera, Swabi and M
Page 123 and 124:
Selection of yellow rust-resistant
Page 125 and 126:
These genotypes—depending on the
Page 127 and 128:
Reaction of some international whea
Page 129 and 130:
nurseries were irrigated with mist
Page 131 and 132:
Name Pedigree Source 23 Tevee'S'//B
Page 133 and 134:
Name Pedigree Source 71 NS732/HER S
Page 135 and 136:
Name Pedigree Source 41 Gcn/4/D68-1
Page 137 and 138:
127 Role of yellow rust-resistance
Page 139 and 140:
genes, such as with Yr6 in cultivar
Page 141:
Dubin, H.J., Johnson, R. & Stubbs,
Page 144 and 145:
134 Yellow rust of wheat in Ethiopi
Page 146 and 147:
136 Virulence of stripe rust on dif
Page 148 and 149:
138 Turkey, Lebanon and Syria. Race
Page 150 and 151:
140 Evaluation of seedling and adul
Page 152 and 153:
142 of resistance not only to yello
Page 154 and 155:
144 Yellow rust reaction, disease d
Page 156 and 157:
146
Page 158 and 159:
148 Outputs of the ten years of eva
Page 160 and 161:
150 Characterization of resistance
Page 162 and 163:
152 Results of testing winter wheat
Page 164 and 165:
154 Dr Valentina Ibragimoval, Kyrgy
Page 166 and 167:
156 Surveys of yellow rust populati
Page 168 and 169:
158 nurseries. ICARDA, at its headq
Page 170 and 171:
160 Table 2. Yellow rust differenti
Page 172 and 173:
162 Table 4. Selected elite cultiva
Page 174 and 175:
164 Table 7 shows the relative effe
Page 176 and 177:
166 Table 8. Field reaction of whea
Page 178 and 179:
168 Syria, Lebanon, Iran and Turkey
Page 180 and 181:
170 Regional Conference on Yellow R
Page 182 and 183:
172 moderate and high levels of res
Page 184 and 185:
174 Umanka. The same disease reacti
Page 186 and 187:
176 genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8 a
Page 188 and 189:
178 Table 3. Resistance to yellow r
Page 190 and 191:
180 Monitoring bread wheat genotype
Page 192 and 193:
182 3000 masl. Susceptible check cv
Page 194 and 195:
184 Table3. Disease severity and re
Page 196 and 197:
186 with great effect, particularly
Page 198 and 199:
188 Conclusion Relatively old bread
Page 201 and 202:
191 Abstracts of other papers prese
Page 203 and 204:
193 Global perspectives in wheat ye
Page 205 and 206:
195 Yellow rust in Central and West
Page 207 and 208:
197 Outputs of the ten-year evaluat
Page 209 and 210:
199 Yellow rust resistance of bread
Page 211 and 212:
201 Influence of weather conditions
Page 213 and 214:
203 Virulent pathotypes of yellow r
Page 215 and 216:
associated with a greater yielding
Page 217 and 218:
een based on a single major gene or
Page 219 and 220:
209 Monitoring stripe [yellow] rust
Page 221 and 222:
211 Pathotype and molecular variabi
Page 223 and 224:
Functional analysis of yellow rust
Page 225 and 226:
215 Study on resistance reaction of
Page 227 and 228:
217 Resistance of International Win
Page 229 and 230:
219 Researching the influence of an
Page 231 and 232:
Australian pathotypes of Puccinia s
Page 233 and 234:
and cultural practices have been ad
Page 235 and 236:
225 Development of a detached leaf
Page 237 and 238:
227 Virulence variation of Puccinia
Page 239 and 240:
intervals and also as the border of
Page 241 and 242:
231 Virus-induced gene silencing in
Page 243 and 244:
233 Inheritance of resistance to ye
Page 245 and 246:
generated from monogenically segreg
Page 247 and 248:
• slow-rusting genes: Yr9, Yr12,
Page 249 and 250:
239 Meeting the Challenge of Yellow
Page 251 and 252:
241 Contents List of participants i
Page 253 and 254:
Resistance response of promising wh
Page 255 and 256:
Constructing physical and genomic m
Page 257 and 258:
Inheritance of yellow rust resistan
Page 259 and 260:
249 Algeria List of participants Dr
Page 261 and 262:
Tajikistan Prof. Dr Hafiz Muminjano
Page 263 and 264:
Identification of effective and dur
Page 265 and 266:
For each resistant genotype (Table
Page 267 and 268:
257 Figure 1. AUDPC of ineffective
Page 269 and 270:
259 Figure 3. AUDPC of susceptible
Page 271 and 272:
Among the wheat lines tested, 51% c
Page 273 and 274:
263 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
Page 275 and 276:
wheat germplasm lines from were tes
Page 277 and 278:
An analysis of the 2009 epidemic of
Page 279 and 280:
Overall yield loss estimation A gen
Page 281 and 282:
271 Table 4a. Monthly mean temperat
Page 283 and 284:
Further studies on Yr9 virulent pat
Page 285 and 286:
evaluation, these varieties were ha
Page 287 and 288:
277 Table 1. Genotype response to p
Page 289 and 290:
may result in losses of up to 70% i
Page 291 and 292:
Table 1A. Wheat yellow rust scenari
Page 293 and 294:
283 Table 1C. Wheat yellow rust sce
Page 295 and 296:
285 No. Cultivar/Yr genes Yellow ru
Page 297 and 298:
Roelfs, A.P., Singh. R.P. & Saari,
Page 299 and 300:
289 Materials and methods This stud
Page 301 and 302:
ineffective (Yahyaoui et al., 2004)
Page 303 and 304:
Combining high yield potential and
Page 305 and 306:
Breeding for yellow rust-resistant
Page 307 and 308:
It is evident from Table 3 that Lu2
Page 309 and 310:
299 Table 4. Rust reactions in hot-
Page 311 and 312:
Evaluation of Indian wheat genotype
Page 313 and 314:
components individually is quite la
Page 315 and 316:
305 Table 1. Grouping of AVT-2nd ye
Page 317 and 318:
Effective and ineffective resistanc
Page 319 and 320:
seedling resistance and adult plant
Page 321 and 322:
The cultivars expressing an infecti
Page 323 and 324:
New approaches in traditional resis
Page 325 and 326:
(resistant × resistant); susceptib
Page 327 and 328:
twice that of resistant ones. When
Page 329 and 330:
nurseries from Oklahoma University
Page 331 and 332:
321 Figure 1. Map of the Republic o
Page 333 and 334:
323 % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 335 and 336:
In comparison with the local variet
Page 337 and 338:
327 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
Page 339 and 340:
Virulence and avirulence factors of
Page 341 and 342:
(Peterson, Campbell and Hannah, 194
Page 343 and 344:
333 No. Genotype Gene(s) Severity a
Page 345 and 346:
An overview of results of five year
Page 347 and 348:
combinations of adult plant resista
Page 349 and 350:
Sources of resistance to wheat stri
Page 351 and 352:
APR. A spectacular example was the
Page 353 and 354:
In our breeding programme we are lo
Page 355 and 356:
345 Introduction Stripe Rust of whe
Page 357 and 358:
Table 1. Adult plant infection type
Page 359 and 360:
Dehghani, H., Moghadam, M.R., Ghann
Page 361 and 362:
species in the region determined th
Page 363 and 364:
353 Table 4. The materials tested f
Page 365 and 366:
Breeding for resistance to rust dis
Page 367 and 368:
diseases, powdery mildew, sunn pest
Page 369 and 370:
359 References Dzhunusova, M., Yahy
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high yielding widely grown cultivar
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susceptible to susceptible in 2007,
Page 375 and 376:
Of the yellow rust samples collecte
Page 377 and 378:
367 Abstracts of other papers prese
Page 379 and 380:
369 Monitoring pathogen dynamics in
Page 381 and 382:
1980s. Occurrence of virulence for
Page 383 and 384:
373 Race changes of Puccinia striif
Page 385 and 386:
375 High-temperature, adult-plant (
Page 387 and 388:
types with race Pst-3 than with Pst
Page 389 and 390:
379 Investigation of genetic resist
Page 391 and 392:
381 Gene sequencing reveals heterok
Page 393 and 394:
383 Molecular characterization of w
Page 395 and 396:
papillae, cell wall appositions and
Page 397 and 398:
infection are obtained through arti
Page 399 and 400:
2000 masl; Ae. cylindrica is locate
Page 401 and 402:
391 Reaction of winter facultative
Page 403 and 404:
393 Yellow rust in the south of Ukr
Page 405 and 406:
395 Study of diverse winter wheat g
Page 407 and 408:
397 Yellow rust epidemics and virul
Page 409 and 410:
399 Wheat yellow rust situation in
Page 411 and 412:
401 Inheritance of yellow rust resi
Page 413 and 414:
infection of the pathogen for four
Page 415 and 416:
Club and other susceptible wheat cv
Page 417 and 418:
407 Selection of wheat cultivars fo
Page 419 and 420:
conditions. In 2006 and 2008, due t
Page 421 and 422:
411 Regulation of development of ye
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