Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops - ICARDA

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354 resistance genes showed variable reactions in different years. Yellow rust resistance genes other than these showed tolerance against the existing yellow rust population. Table 6. Reaction of resistance genes to leaf rust in Menemen, 2003–2006 Resistant Variable Susceptible Lr23 Lr9 Lr1 Lr13 Lr32 Lr29 Lr17 Lr2a Lr14a Lr33 Lr37 Lr18 Lr2b Lr14b Lr34 Lr36 Lr19 Lr2c Lr15 Lr35 Lr21 Lr3 Lr16 Lr38 Lr24 Lr3bg Lr22 Lr44 Lr(10, 27+31) Lr3ka Lr25 LrB Lr10 Lr26 LrW Lr11 Lr12 Lr28 Lr30 Leaf rust resistant genes Lr23, Lr29, Lr36 and Lr37 were not affected by the rust population existing in the region during the years of the study. Lr9, Lr17, Lr18, Lr19, Lr21, Lr24 and Lr(10, 27+31) resistance genes showed variable reactions in different years, while the other resistance genes were susceptible to the rust population in the region. In the way that variation in some resistance genes might reflect virulence differences in the pathogen population, it may have occurred as a result of inadequate levels of disease development under natural conditions. References Anon[ymous]. 2003–2007. Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Buğday Araştırmaları Yıllık Raporları. Anon. 2008. Ülkesel Serin Đklim Tahıl Hastalıkları Araştırmaları Projesi, Sonuç Raporu, TAGEM Yayınlanmamı. Biffen, R.H. 1905. Mendel’s Law of Inheritance and wheat breeding. Journal of Agricultural Science, 1: 4–48. Kanbertay, M. 1999. Spring wheat production and breeding in Turkey. In: Bill Angus (editor). The World Wheat Book. Limagrain. Loegering, W.Q., Johnston, C.O. & Hendrix, J.W. 1967. Wheat rust. pp. 307–355, in: K.S. Quisenberry and L.P. Reitz (editors). Wheat and Wheat Improvement. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Stubbs, R.W., Prescott, J.M., Sari, E.E. & Dubin, H.J. 1986. Cereal Disease Methodology Manual. CIMMYT, Mexico. Weise, M.V. 1997. Compendium of Wheat Diseases. The American Phytopathological Society. St Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Breeding for resistance to rust diseases of wheat in Kyrgyzstan M. Dzhunusova, 1 A. Yahyaoui, 2 A. Morgounov 3 and J. Egemberdieva 1 1. Kyrgyz National University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan 2. Wheat Coordinator, ICARDA-CIMMYT, Aleppo, Syria 3. Turkey-CIMMYT-ICARDA International Winter Wheat Improvement Programme, Turkey Abstract Bread wheat in Kyrgyzstan is an important strategic crop as it is a major food source for the population. It occupies more than half the total arable area of agricultural crops cultivated in the country. At present, virtually all farms have no possibility of growing intensive varieties with a high level of productivity and high grain quality due to their susceptibility to rusts. Annual crop losses caused by leaf and stripe [yellow] rusts in Kyrgyzstan are between 10 and 30%. In 2001, an epidemic of yellow rust was recorded in Kyrgyzstan with crop losses estimated between 40 and 60%. Although wheat research in Kyrgyzstan started in 1936, breeding wheat for biotic stresses such as rust diseases was initiated only in recent years. In 2002, a wheat breeding programme for resistance to yellow rust started in Kyrgyzstan with the close collaboration of CIMMYT and ICARDA. Since then, about 1000 wheat lines have been screened in Chui region under natural epidemic conditions. A few hundred resistant lines were selected and incorporated in the breeding programme for adaptation to ecological conditions. Yield trials were conducted for selection of the most adapted varieties (Azibrosh, Zubkov, Zagadka, Almira, Djamin, Hans and Petr). Monitoring of the yellow rust population started in 1999 based on CWAYRTN distributed by ICARDA. The results of yellow rust tests in Chui region of Kyrgyzstan indicated that the genes most effective against Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici are Yr2+, Yr4+, Yr5, Yr10 and Yr15. In 2006, we planted the nursery CWANA-6th RWKLDN, but, because of drought, selection for resistance was not possible. We selected the best germplasm for yielding capacity and tolerance to drought (AO41, Emu’S’/.TEVEE’S’3/SD8036, and Entries 27, 75, 76, 88, 91 and 94). The same situation happened in 2008. We selected only the best germplasm for yielding capacity and drought tolerance (Cook, Pavon 76, Vernstein, CnSSrTmp, and Bt/Wld). In 2009, we planted the nursery CWANA-1st Stem Rust Resistance Spring Bread Wheat Yield Trial. Among the 17 entries that showed resistance to yellow rust, we selected the four best lines for productivity and resistance to rust diseases (Jawahir-14, Durra 1, Durra 4, and Durra 5). These entries will be incorporated in the breeding programme. 355
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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iii Foreword Wheat is grown on roug
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v Preface The Central and West Asia
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vii About this publication This vol
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ix 2nd Regional Yellow Rust Confere
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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4 Epidemiology of wheat yellow rust
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6 Prevalent yellow rust pathotypes
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8 Pakistan Dr Badaruddin Soomro, PA
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10 Dr Naeem Ahmad, Wheat Research I
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Yellow rust of wheat in Nepal: an o
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inoculum originating from infected
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17 Control Efforts were made to dev
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Karki, C.B. 1994. Genetics of rust
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No virulence was observed on plants
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23 Results and discussion In the tw
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Virulence to yellow rust resistance
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and Yr27, the seedling data may not
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Yield evaluations of the PBW 343- a
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variation for yellow rust resistanc
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A number of Kauz-derived cvs, e.g.
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Kisana, S.N., Mujahid, Y.M. & Musta
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37 Material and methods Wheat nurse
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Challenge of a new race of Puccinia
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41 Table 1. Response of the yellow
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43 Occurrence and importance of yel
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To better explain the differences i
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Weather data were taken from the ne
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Disease progress stopped, in genera
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Roelfs, A.P. 1985. Epidemiology in
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The wheat stripe rust pathogen over
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55 6E150A+ 4E8A+ 6E130A+ 130E2A+ 6E
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Agriculture-guided evolution of pat
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Yr SD, Yr SU and YrA was observed.
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The data presented in Table 3 show
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Kirmani, M.A.S. 1980. Comparative e
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ust infection at the CIMMYT station
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67 Table 1. Estimation of the numbe
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Resistance to stripe rust disease o
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may be from the Aegilops parent as
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McNeal, F.H., Konzak, C.F., Smith,
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Disease severity (percentage of rus
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77 Table 2. Genetic analysis of res
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Defence mechanisms against rust, an
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for the biosynthesis of a large num
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components of the signalling pathwa
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Xing, T., Wang, X.J., Malik, K. & M
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provided for final decision regardi
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spreader, cv. Morocco. The data was
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91 Table 4A. Entries included in Na
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93 Table 5A. Entries in the Nationa
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95 References Ahmad, S., Rodriguez,
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Yellow rust (YR) is one of the most
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99 Table 1. Yellow rust reaction of
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101 100 90 80 CHECKS IW IWWIP CAC E
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• To investigate the effectivenes
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105 Figure 1. Locations of yellow r
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Table 2. Terminal reaction of diffe
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Isogenic lines possessing Yr9 and Y
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Inqilab 91 at Nowshera, Swabi and M
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Selection of yellow rust-resistant
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These genotypes—depending on the
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Reaction of some international whea
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nurseries were irrigated with mist
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Name Pedigree Source 23 Tevee'S'//B
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Name Pedigree Source 71 NS732/HER S
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Name Pedigree Source 41 Gcn/4/D68-1
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127 Role of yellow rust-resistance
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genes, such as with Yr6 in cultivar
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Dubin, H.J., Johnson, R. & Stubbs,
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134 Yellow rust of wheat in Ethiopi
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136 Virulence of stripe rust on dif
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138 Turkey, Lebanon and Syria. Race
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140 Evaluation of seedling and adul
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142 of resistance not only to yello
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144 Yellow rust reaction, disease d
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146
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148 Outputs of the ten years of eva
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150 Characterization of resistance
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152 Results of testing winter wheat
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154 Dr Valentina Ibragimoval, Kyrgy
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156 Surveys of yellow rust populati
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158 nurseries. ICARDA, at its headq
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160 Table 2. Yellow rust differenti
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162 Table 4. Selected elite cultiva
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164 Table 7 shows the relative effe
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166 Table 8. Field reaction of whea
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168 Syria, Lebanon, Iran and Turkey
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170 Regional Conference on Yellow R
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172 moderate and high levels of res
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174 Umanka. The same disease reacti
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176 genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8 a
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178 Table 3. Resistance to yellow r
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180 Monitoring bread wheat genotype
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182 3000 masl. Susceptible check cv
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184 Table3. Disease severity and re
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186 with great effect, particularly
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188 Conclusion Relatively old bread
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191 Abstracts of other papers prese
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193 Global perspectives in wheat ye
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195 Yellow rust in Central and West
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197 Outputs of the ten-year evaluat
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199 Yellow rust resistance of bread
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201 Influence of weather conditions
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203 Virulent pathotypes of yellow r
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associated with a greater yielding
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een based on a single major gene or
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209 Monitoring stripe [yellow] rust
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211 Pathotype and molecular variabi
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Functional analysis of yellow rust
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215 Study on resistance reaction of
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217 Resistance of International Win
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219 Researching the influence of an
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Australian pathotypes of Puccinia s
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and cultural practices have been ad
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225 Development of a detached leaf
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227 Virulence variation of Puccinia
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intervals and also as the border of
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231 Virus-induced gene silencing in
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233 Inheritance of resistance to ye
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generated from monogenically segreg
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• slow-rusting genes: Yr9, Yr12,
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239 Meeting the Challenge of Yellow
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241 Contents List of participants i
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Resistance response of promising wh
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Constructing physical and genomic m
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Inheritance of yellow rust resistan
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249 Algeria List of participants Dr
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Tajikistan Prof. Dr Hafiz Muminjano
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Identification of effective and dur
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For each resistant genotype (Table
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257 Figure 1. AUDPC of ineffective
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259 Figure 3. AUDPC of susceptible
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Among the wheat lines tested, 51% c
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263 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
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wheat germplasm lines from were tes
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An analysis of the 2009 epidemic of
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Overall yield loss estimation A gen
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271 Table 4a. Monthly mean temperat
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Further studies on Yr9 virulent pat
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evaluation, these varieties were ha
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277 Table 1. Genotype response to p
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may result in losses of up to 70% i
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Table 1A. Wheat yellow rust scenari
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283 Table 1C. Wheat yellow rust sce
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285 No. Cultivar/Yr genes Yellow ru
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Roelfs, A.P., Singh. R.P. & Saari,
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289 Materials and methods This stud
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ineffective (Yahyaoui et al., 2004)
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Combining high yield potential and
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Breeding for yellow rust-resistant
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It is evident from Table 3 that Lu2
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299 Table 4. Rust reactions in hot-
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Evaluation of Indian wheat genotype
Page 313 and 314: components individually is quite la
Page 315 and 316: 305 Table 1. Grouping of AVT-2nd ye
Page 317 and 318: Effective and ineffective resistanc
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Page 321 and 322: The cultivars expressing an infecti
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Page 329 and 330: nurseries from Oklahoma University
Page 331 and 332: 321 Figure 1. Map of the Republic o
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Page 335 and 336: In comparison with the local variet
Page 337 and 338: 327 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
Page 339 and 340: Virulence and avirulence factors of
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Page 349 and 350: Sources of resistance to wheat stri
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Page 355 and 356: 345 Introduction Stripe Rust of whe
Page 357 and 358: Table 1. Adult plant infection type
Page 359 and 360: Dehghani, H., Moghadam, M.R., Ghann
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Page 369 and 370: 359 References Dzhunusova, M., Yahy
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Page 375 and 376: Of the yellow rust samples collecte
Page 377 and 378: 367 Abstracts of other papers prese
Page 379 and 380: 369 Monitoring pathogen dynamics in
Page 381 and 382: 1980s. Occurrence of virulence for
Page 383 and 384: 373 Race changes of Puccinia striif
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Page 387 and 388: types with race Pst-3 than with Pst
Page 389 and 390: 379 Investigation of genetic resist
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Page 395 and 396: papillae, cell wall appositions and
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Page 399 and 400: 2000 masl; Ae. cylindrica is locate
Page 401 and 402: 391 Reaction of winter facultative
Page 403 and 404: 393 Yellow rust in the south of Ukr
Page 405 and 406: 395 Study of diverse winter wheat g
Page 407 and 408: 397 Yellow rust epidemics and virul
Page 409 and 410: 399 Wheat yellow rust situation in
Page 411 and 412: 401 Inheritance of yellow rust resi
Page 413 and 414: infection of the pathogen for four
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Club and other susceptible wheat cv
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407 Selection of wheat cultivars fo
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conditions. In 2006 and 2008, due t
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411 Regulation of development of ye
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