Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops - ICARDA

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358 In 2008 we monitored the CWANA-1st Stem Rust Resistance Spring Bread Wheat Yield Trial. Monitoring these nurseries showed that 17 entries were resistant to yellow rust diseases, with R-MR infection types; and 5 were susceptible to yellow rust (Amir 1, Amir 2, Zafir 3, Borej 2 and Zain 2). There are varieties with MS-S infection types. The four best lines of wheat for productivity and resistance to rust diseases were selected for future breeding purposes (Awahir 14, Durra 1, Durra 4 and Durra 5). Table 2. Field responses to yellow rust in the Second International Yellow Rust Trap Nursery (2nd IYRTN 2007–2008) in two ecological zones Entry Cultivar and Yr Gene Heading Date Chui Field response Issyk-Kul 33 Morocco (susceptible check) 16.05 40 MS 80 MS 19 Vilmorin 23(W), Yr3V 14.05 R 70 S 20 Moro, Yr10 25.05 R R (LR-80S) 21 Strubes Dickopf (W), YrSD 27.05 R MR 26 Kalyansona (S), Yr2 16.05 R R 37 Yr5/6*Avocet S, Yr5 18.05 R 60S 40 Yr8/6*Avocet S, Yr8 16.05 60S 80S 42 Yr10/6*Avocet S, Yr10 18.05 R R 43 Yr15/6*Avocet S, Yr15 16.05 R R 44 Yr17/6*AOC, Yr17 21.05 R 70S Conclusion Evaluation of rust diseases in 34 winter and facultative wheat varieties released in Kyrgyzstan has shown 7 resistant (Azibrosh, Vinjett, Kasiet, Krasnovodopadskaya 25, Zubkov, Kairak and Merim-MIS). In Kyrgyzstan yellow rust is more harmful than other diseases under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Monitoring in Chui region of Kyrgyzstan indicated that the most effective genes against Puccinia were Yr2+, Yr4+, Yr5, Yr10 and Yr15, expressing R-MR infection types. Virulence to Yr5 (Avocet) and Yr17/6*(AOC) occurred in Issyk-Kul region, but not in Chui region. Avocet isogenic lines Yr10 and Yr15 expressed resistant reactions to yellow rust under field conditions in Chui and Issyk-Kul regions in the period 2006–2008.
359 References Dzhunusova, M., Yahyaoui, A. & Morgounov, A. 2002. Results of evolution of ICARDA/CIMMYT winter wheat nurseries for resistance to YR in Kyrgyzstan. Abstract. In: R. Johnson, A. Yahyaoui, C. Wellings, A. Saidi and H. Ketata (editors). Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops. Proceedings of the [First] Regional Yellow Rust Conference for Central and West Asia and North Africa, 8–14 May 2001, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. ICARDA, Syria. Peterson, R.F., Campbell, A.B. & Hannah, A.E. 1948. A diagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity of leaves and stems on cereals. Canadian Journal of Research, 26c(5): 496–500.
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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iii Foreword Wheat is grown on roug
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v Preface The Central and West Asia
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vii About this publication This vol
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ix 2nd Regional Yellow Rust Confere
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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4 Epidemiology of wheat yellow rust
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6 Prevalent yellow rust pathotypes
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8 Pakistan Dr Badaruddin Soomro, PA
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10 Dr Naeem Ahmad, Wheat Research I
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Yellow rust of wheat in Nepal: an o
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inoculum originating from infected
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17 Control Efforts were made to dev
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Karki, C.B. 1994. Genetics of rust
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No virulence was observed on plants
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23 Results and discussion In the tw
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Virulence to yellow rust resistance
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and Yr27, the seedling data may not
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Yield evaluations of the PBW 343- a
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variation for yellow rust resistanc
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A number of Kauz-derived cvs, e.g.
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Kisana, S.N., Mujahid, Y.M. & Musta
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37 Material and methods Wheat nurse
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Challenge of a new race of Puccinia
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41 Table 1. Response of the yellow
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43 Occurrence and importance of yel
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To better explain the differences i
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Weather data were taken from the ne
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Disease progress stopped, in genera
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Roelfs, A.P. 1985. Epidemiology in
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The wheat stripe rust pathogen over
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55 6E150A+ 4E8A+ 6E130A+ 130E2A+ 6E
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Agriculture-guided evolution of pat
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Yr SD, Yr SU and YrA was observed.
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The data presented in Table 3 show
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Kirmani, M.A.S. 1980. Comparative e
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ust infection at the CIMMYT station
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67 Table 1. Estimation of the numbe
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Resistance to stripe rust disease o
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may be from the Aegilops parent as
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McNeal, F.H., Konzak, C.F., Smith,
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Disease severity (percentage of rus
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77 Table 2. Genetic analysis of res
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Defence mechanisms against rust, an
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for the biosynthesis of a large num
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components of the signalling pathwa
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Xing, T., Wang, X.J., Malik, K. & M
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provided for final decision regardi
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spreader, cv. Morocco. The data was
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91 Table 4A. Entries included in Na
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93 Table 5A. Entries in the Nationa
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95 References Ahmad, S., Rodriguez,
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Yellow rust (YR) is one of the most
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99 Table 1. Yellow rust reaction of
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101 100 90 80 CHECKS IW IWWIP CAC E
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• To investigate the effectivenes
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105 Figure 1. Locations of yellow r
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Table 2. Terminal reaction of diffe
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Isogenic lines possessing Yr9 and Y
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Inqilab 91 at Nowshera, Swabi and M
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Selection of yellow rust-resistant
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These genotypes—depending on the
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Reaction of some international whea
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nurseries were irrigated with mist
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Name Pedigree Source 23 Tevee'S'//B
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Name Pedigree Source 71 NS732/HER S
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Name Pedigree Source 41 Gcn/4/D68-1
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127 Role of yellow rust-resistance
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genes, such as with Yr6 in cultivar
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Dubin, H.J., Johnson, R. & Stubbs,
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134 Yellow rust of wheat in Ethiopi
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136 Virulence of stripe rust on dif
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138 Turkey, Lebanon and Syria. Race
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140 Evaluation of seedling and adul
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142 of resistance not only to yello
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144 Yellow rust reaction, disease d
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146
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148 Outputs of the ten years of eva
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150 Characterization of resistance
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152 Results of testing winter wheat
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154 Dr Valentina Ibragimoval, Kyrgy
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156 Surveys of yellow rust populati
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158 nurseries. ICARDA, at its headq
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160 Table 2. Yellow rust differenti
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162 Table 4. Selected elite cultiva
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164 Table 7 shows the relative effe
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166 Table 8. Field reaction of whea
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168 Syria, Lebanon, Iran and Turkey
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170 Regional Conference on Yellow R
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172 moderate and high levels of res
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174 Umanka. The same disease reacti
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176 genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8 a
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178 Table 3. Resistance to yellow r
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180 Monitoring bread wheat genotype
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182 3000 masl. Susceptible check cv
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184 Table3. Disease severity and re
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186 with great effect, particularly
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188 Conclusion Relatively old bread
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191 Abstracts of other papers prese
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193 Global perspectives in wheat ye
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195 Yellow rust in Central and West
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197 Outputs of the ten-year evaluat
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199 Yellow rust resistance of bread
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201 Influence of weather conditions
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203 Virulent pathotypes of yellow r
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associated with a greater yielding
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een based on a single major gene or
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209 Monitoring stripe [yellow] rust
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211 Pathotype and molecular variabi
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Functional analysis of yellow rust
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215 Study on resistance reaction of
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217 Resistance of International Win
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219 Researching the influence of an
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Australian pathotypes of Puccinia s
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and cultural practices have been ad
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225 Development of a detached leaf
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227 Virulence variation of Puccinia
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intervals and also as the border of
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231 Virus-induced gene silencing in
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233 Inheritance of resistance to ye
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generated from monogenically segreg
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• slow-rusting genes: Yr9, Yr12,
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239 Meeting the Challenge of Yellow
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241 Contents List of participants i
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Resistance response of promising wh
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Constructing physical and genomic m
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Inheritance of yellow rust resistan
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249 Algeria List of participants Dr
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Tajikistan Prof. Dr Hafiz Muminjano
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Identification of effective and dur
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For each resistant genotype (Table
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257 Figure 1. AUDPC of ineffective
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259 Figure 3. AUDPC of susceptible
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Among the wheat lines tested, 51% c
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263 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
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wheat germplasm lines from were tes
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An analysis of the 2009 epidemic of
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Overall yield loss estimation A gen
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271 Table 4a. Monthly mean temperat
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Further studies on Yr9 virulent pat
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evaluation, these varieties were ha
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277 Table 1. Genotype response to p
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may result in losses of up to 70% i
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Table 1A. Wheat yellow rust scenari
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283 Table 1C. Wheat yellow rust sce
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285 No. Cultivar/Yr genes Yellow ru
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Roelfs, A.P., Singh. R.P. & Saari,
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289 Materials and methods This stud
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ineffective (Yahyaoui et al., 2004)
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Combining high yield potential and
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Breeding for yellow rust-resistant
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It is evident from Table 3 that Lu2
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299 Table 4. Rust reactions in hot-
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Evaluation of Indian wheat genotype
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components individually is quite la
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305 Table 1. Grouping of AVT-2nd ye
Page 317 and 318: Effective and ineffective resistanc
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Page 321 and 322: The cultivars expressing an infecti
Page 323 and 324: New approaches in traditional resis
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Page 327 and 328: twice that of resistant ones. When
Page 329 and 330: nurseries from Oklahoma University
Page 331 and 332: 321 Figure 1. Map of the Republic o
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Page 335 and 336: In comparison with the local variet
Page 337 and 338: 327 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
Page 339 and 340: Virulence and avirulence factors of
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Page 343 and 344: 333 No. Genotype Gene(s) Severity a
Page 345 and 346: An overview of results of five year
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Page 349 and 350: Sources of resistance to wheat stri
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Page 353 and 354: In our breeding programme we are lo
Page 355 and 356: 345 Introduction Stripe Rust of whe
Page 357 and 358: Table 1. Adult plant infection type
Page 359 and 360: Dehghani, H., Moghadam, M.R., Ghann
Page 361 and 362: species in the region determined th
Page 363 and 364: 353 Table 4. The materials tested f
Page 365 and 366: Breeding for resistance to rust dis
Page 367: diseases, powdery mildew, sunn pest
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Page 373 and 374: susceptible to susceptible in 2007,
Page 375 and 376: Of the yellow rust samples collecte
Page 377 and 378: 367 Abstracts of other papers prese
Page 379 and 380: 369 Monitoring pathogen dynamics in
Page 381 and 382: 1980s. Occurrence of virulence for
Page 383 and 384: 373 Race changes of Puccinia striif
Page 385 and 386: 375 High-temperature, adult-plant (
Page 387 and 388: types with race Pst-3 than with Pst
Page 389 and 390: 379 Investigation of genetic resist
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Page 393 and 394: 383 Molecular characterization of w
Page 395 and 396: papillae, cell wall appositions and
Page 397 and 398: infection are obtained through arti
Page 399 and 400: 2000 masl; Ae. cylindrica is locate
Page 401 and 402: 391 Reaction of winter facultative
Page 403 and 404: 393 Yellow rust in the south of Ukr
Page 405 and 406: 395 Study of diverse winter wheat g
Page 407 and 408: 397 Yellow rust epidemics and virul
Page 409 and 410: 399 Wheat yellow rust situation in
Page 411 and 412: 401 Inheritance of yellow rust resi
Page 413 and 414: infection of the pathogen for four
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Page 417 and 418: 407 Selection of wheat cultivars fo
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conditions. In 2006 and 2008, due t
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411 Regulation of development of ye
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