Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops - ICARDA

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142 of resistance not only to yellow rust but also to leaf rust, was selected from a CIMMYT international nursery. CWARTN has been screened for resistance gene sources. All European standards with well-known Yr genes—3V, 3N, CV, SP, SD, SU, APR, Yr10, Yr9, Yr5, Yr4, Yr7, Yr6, Yr2+11+25, Yr6+7, Yr6+APR—demonstrated resistance to yellow rust and late maturity: differences in heading date with Avocet up to 20 and more days have been achieved. European standards with genes Yr1, Yr7, Yr6, Yr2, Yr18 and Yr8+18 showed average susceptibility. The Avocets isogenic lines that included 13 genes have allowed identification of high resistance genes YrA, Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17 and YrSP. Genes Yr1, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr18 and Yr27 have shown susceptible reactions. Genes Yr9, Yr18, Yr27 (Avocet), Yr18 and Yr8+18 showed variable reaction (susceptibility/resistance) depending on season. Genes Yr6, Yr7 and Yr9, depending on the genetic background, have been resistant (Heines Peko (Yr6), Reichensberg 42 (Yr7), Clement (Yr9) and Federation/Kavkaz (Yr9)) or susceptible (Heines Kolben (Yr6), Lee (Yr7), Cranbrook (Yr7) and Federation (Yr9)). The jointly acting Yr6+Yr7 (Corella) showed a high level of resistance. Finally, cvs Morocco, Avocet, Federation, Kalyansona, Sardari, Ghurab 2, Ak Bugday, Noroeste and Attila have been especially highly susceptible (S60–80). Study of winter wheat germplasm and varieties for resistance to yellow rust in Kyrgyzstan conditions J. Akimaliev and M. Djunusova Kyrgyz Agricultural Research Institute, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan A limiting factor for further growth of winter wheat productivity is yellow rust. It is widespread in all wheat regions, and especially a problem in the Issyk-Kul region, Chui valley and foothill zones of Kyrgyzstan. Strong epidemics of yellow rust were reported in 1939–1941, 1946 and 2002. Since 1999, the Kyrgyz Agricultural Research Institute, in association with scientists from International Centers (CIMMYT and ICARDA), has actively evaluated winter wheat germplasm, and also prospective genotypes of Kyrgyz origin and a special nursery on yellow rust (CWAYRTN). The study was conducted in Chui valley at the Experimental Station of the Kyrgyz Agricultural Research Institute. The station is located 813 masl, 43° N and 75° E. Average annual precipitation is 350–500 mm.
The study of yellow rust’s effects on productivity of prospective varieties has shown that out of 43 varieties, 10 were resistant, 31 were medium resistant and 2 were susceptible. The productivity of cultivars with high resistance to yellow rust was from 7.0 to 7.9 t/ha. The genotypes Atay 85, RAN\NE70//36, WULNI, AGRI//NAC/ATTILA and GUN91/MNCH were highly resistant. The two years of studies with CWAYRTN identified selections with resistance to yellow rust, which are now included in crossings with cultivars of Kyrgyz origin. 143 Adult plant resistance to yellow rust in the genotypes of the Preliminary Wheat Screening Nursery (PWSN) of Iran in the 2000/01 cropping season A. Malihipour, 1 A. Tarinejad, 2 S.A. Safavi 3 and R. Houshyar 4 1. Cereal Pathology Unit, Cereal Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran 2. Moghan Agricultural Research Centre, Parsabad, Islamic Republic of Iran 3. Ardabil Agricultural Research Station, Ardabil, Islamic Republic of Iran 4. Miandoab Agricultural Research Station, Miandoab, Islamic Republic of Iran Adult plant reactions to wheat yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) were determined for 263 bread wheat genotypes from the Preliminary Wheat Screening Nursery (PWSN) in the 2000/01 cropping year. The experiments were carried at Karaj, Moghan, Ardabil and Miandoab. Wheat entries were planted in November 2000, at a rate of 10–15 g of seed in two 1-m long rows spaced 30 cm apart. A susceptible cultivar (Bolani) was planted among the experimental entries (10-entry intervals). Artificial inoculation of the nurseries was done four times over two months, starting at the tillering stage using the relevant race for each location. The infection type of each entry was evaluated when the disease developed well on the susceptible check. The percentage leaf area affected was also scored using a modified Cobb’s scale and the coefficients of infection also calculated. The results showed that most of the genotypes were resistant to yellow rust in one or more locations. A large number of genotypes (140 accessions) were resistant to the disease at all locations. Finally, 77 entries were selected based on yield and pathology data for inclusion in Preliminary Regional Wheat Yield Trials (PRWYT).
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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iii Foreword Wheat is grown on roug
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v Preface The Central and West Asia
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vii About this publication This vol
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ix 2nd Regional Yellow Rust Confere
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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4 Epidemiology of wheat yellow rust
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6 Prevalent yellow rust pathotypes
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8 Pakistan Dr Badaruddin Soomro, PA
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10 Dr Naeem Ahmad, Wheat Research I
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Yellow rust of wheat in Nepal: an o
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inoculum originating from infected
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17 Control Efforts were made to dev
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Karki, C.B. 1994. Genetics of rust
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No virulence was observed on plants
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23 Results and discussion In the tw
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Virulence to yellow rust resistance
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and Yr27, the seedling data may not
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Yield evaluations of the PBW 343- a
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variation for yellow rust resistanc
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A number of Kauz-derived cvs, e.g.
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Kisana, S.N., Mujahid, Y.M. & Musta
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37 Material and methods Wheat nurse
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Challenge of a new race of Puccinia
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41 Table 1. Response of the yellow
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43 Occurrence and importance of yel
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To better explain the differences i
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Weather data were taken from the ne
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Disease progress stopped, in genera
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Roelfs, A.P. 1985. Epidemiology in
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The wheat stripe rust pathogen over
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55 6E150A+ 4E8A+ 6E130A+ 130E2A+ 6E
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Agriculture-guided evolution of pat
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Yr SD, Yr SU and YrA was observed.
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The data presented in Table 3 show
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Kirmani, M.A.S. 1980. Comparative e
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ust infection at the CIMMYT station
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67 Table 1. Estimation of the numbe
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Resistance to stripe rust disease o
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may be from the Aegilops parent as
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McNeal, F.H., Konzak, C.F., Smith,
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Disease severity (percentage of rus
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77 Table 2. Genetic analysis of res
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Defence mechanisms against rust, an
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for the biosynthesis of a large num
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components of the signalling pathwa
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Xing, T., Wang, X.J., Malik, K. & M
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provided for final decision regardi
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spreader, cv. Morocco. The data was
Page 101 and 102: 91 Table 4A. Entries included in Na
Page 103 and 104: 93 Table 5A. Entries in the Nationa
Page 105 and 106: 95 References Ahmad, S., Rodriguez,
Page 107 and 108: Yellow rust (YR) is one of the most
Page 109 and 110: 99 Table 1. Yellow rust reaction of
Page 111 and 112: 101 100 90 80 CHECKS IW IWWIP CAC E
Page 113 and 114: • To investigate the effectivenes
Page 115 and 116: 105 Figure 1. Locations of yellow r
Page 117 and 118: Table 2. Terminal reaction of diffe
Page 119 and 120: Isogenic lines possessing Yr9 and Y
Page 121 and 122: Inqilab 91 at Nowshera, Swabi and M
Page 123 and 124: Selection of yellow rust-resistant
Page 125 and 126: These genotypes—depending on the
Page 127 and 128: Reaction of some international whea
Page 129 and 130: nurseries were irrigated with mist
Page 131 and 132: Name Pedigree Source 23 Tevee'S'//B
Page 133 and 134: Name Pedigree Source 71 NS732/HER S
Page 135 and 136: Name Pedigree Source 41 Gcn/4/D68-1
Page 137 and 138: 127 Role of yellow rust-resistance
Page 139 and 140: genes, such as with Yr6 in cultivar
Page 141: Dubin, H.J., Johnson, R. & Stubbs,
Page 144 and 145: 134 Yellow rust of wheat in Ethiopi
Page 146 and 147: 136 Virulence of stripe rust on dif
Page 148 and 149: 138 Turkey, Lebanon and Syria. Race
Page 150 and 151: 140 Evaluation of seedling and adul
Page 154 and 155: 144 Yellow rust reaction, disease d
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Page 158 and 159: 148 Outputs of the ten years of eva
Page 160 and 161: 150 Characterization of resistance
Page 162 and 163: 152 Results of testing winter wheat
Page 164 and 165: 154 Dr Valentina Ibragimoval, Kyrgy
Page 166 and 167: 156 Surveys of yellow rust populati
Page 168 and 169: 158 nurseries. ICARDA, at its headq
Page 170 and 171: 160 Table 2. Yellow rust differenti
Page 172 and 173: 162 Table 4. Selected elite cultiva
Page 174 and 175: 164 Table 7 shows the relative effe
Page 176 and 177: 166 Table 8. Field reaction of whea
Page 178 and 179: 168 Syria, Lebanon, Iran and Turkey
Page 180 and 181: 170 Regional Conference on Yellow R
Page 182 and 183: 172 moderate and high levels of res
Page 184 and 185: 174 Umanka. The same disease reacti
Page 186 and 187: 176 genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8 a
Page 188 and 189: 178 Table 3. Resistance to yellow r
Page 190 and 191: 180 Monitoring bread wheat genotype
Page 192 and 193: 182 3000 masl. Susceptible check cv
Page 194 and 195: 184 Table3. Disease severity and re
Page 196 and 197: 186 with great effect, particularly
Page 198 and 199: 188 Conclusion Relatively old bread
Page 201 and 202: 191 Abstracts of other papers prese
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193 Global perspectives in wheat ye
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195 Yellow rust in Central and West
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197 Outputs of the ten-year evaluat
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199 Yellow rust resistance of bread
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201 Influence of weather conditions
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203 Virulent pathotypes of yellow r
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associated with a greater yielding
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een based on a single major gene or
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209 Monitoring stripe [yellow] rust
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211 Pathotype and molecular variabi
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Functional analysis of yellow rust
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215 Study on resistance reaction of
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217 Resistance of International Win
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219 Researching the influence of an
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Australian pathotypes of Puccinia s
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and cultural practices have been ad
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225 Development of a detached leaf
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227 Virulence variation of Puccinia
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intervals and also as the border of
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231 Virus-induced gene silencing in
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233 Inheritance of resistance to ye
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generated from monogenically segreg
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• slow-rusting genes: Yr9, Yr12,
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239 Meeting the Challenge of Yellow
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241 Contents List of participants i
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Resistance response of promising wh
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Constructing physical and genomic m
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Inheritance of yellow rust resistan
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249 Algeria List of participants Dr
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Tajikistan Prof. Dr Hafiz Muminjano
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Identification of effective and dur
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For each resistant genotype (Table
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257 Figure 1. AUDPC of ineffective
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259 Figure 3. AUDPC of susceptible
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Among the wheat lines tested, 51% c
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263 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
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wheat germplasm lines from were tes
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An analysis of the 2009 epidemic of
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Overall yield loss estimation A gen
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271 Table 4a. Monthly mean temperat
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Further studies on Yr9 virulent pat
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evaluation, these varieties were ha
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277 Table 1. Genotype response to p
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may result in losses of up to 70% i
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Table 1A. Wheat yellow rust scenari
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283 Table 1C. Wheat yellow rust sce
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285 No. Cultivar/Yr genes Yellow ru
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Roelfs, A.P., Singh. R.P. & Saari,
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289 Materials and methods This stud
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ineffective (Yahyaoui et al., 2004)
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Combining high yield potential and
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Breeding for yellow rust-resistant
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It is evident from Table 3 that Lu2
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299 Table 4. Rust reactions in hot-
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Evaluation of Indian wheat genotype
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components individually is quite la
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305 Table 1. Grouping of AVT-2nd ye
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Effective and ineffective resistanc
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seedling resistance and adult plant
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The cultivars expressing an infecti
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New approaches in traditional resis
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(resistant × resistant); susceptib
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twice that of resistant ones. When
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nurseries from Oklahoma University
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321 Figure 1. Map of the Republic o
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323 % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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In comparison with the local variet
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327 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
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Virulence and avirulence factors of
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(Peterson, Campbell and Hannah, 194
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333 No. Genotype Gene(s) Severity a
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An overview of results of five year
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combinations of adult plant resista
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Sources of resistance to wheat stri
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APR. A spectacular example was the
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In our breeding programme we are lo
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345 Introduction Stripe Rust of whe
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Table 1. Adult plant infection type
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Dehghani, H., Moghadam, M.R., Ghann
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species in the region determined th
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353 Table 4. The materials tested f
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Breeding for resistance to rust dis
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diseases, powdery mildew, sunn pest
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359 References Dzhunusova, M., Yahy
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high yielding widely grown cultivar
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susceptible to susceptible in 2007,
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Of the yellow rust samples collecte
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367 Abstracts of other papers prese
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369 Monitoring pathogen dynamics in
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1980s. Occurrence of virulence for
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373 Race changes of Puccinia striif
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375 High-temperature, adult-plant (
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types with race Pst-3 than with Pst
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379 Investigation of genetic resist
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381 Gene sequencing reveals heterok
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383 Molecular characterization of w
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papillae, cell wall appositions and
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infection are obtained through arti
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2000 masl; Ae. cylindrica is locate
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391 Reaction of winter facultative
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393 Yellow rust in the south of Ukr
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395 Study of diverse winter wheat g
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397 Yellow rust epidemics and virul
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399 Wheat yellow rust situation in
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401 Inheritance of yellow rust resi
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infection of the pathogen for four
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Club and other susceptible wheat cv
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407 Selection of wheat cultivars fo
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conditions. In 2006 and 2008, due t
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411 Regulation of development of ye
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