Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops - ICARDA

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126 Table 4. Evaluation of resistance of genotypes of Durum Wheat Germplasm Pool (DYRGP 99) to yellow rust (2000-2001) No. Name Pedigree 1 Bicre/3/Ch 1//Gta/Stk ICD87-0459-0TR-ABL- 9AP-0TR-4AP-0AP 2 Bicre/3/Ch 1//Gta/Stk/4/Bicre/Lks-4 ICD92-0150-CABL- 7AP-0AP-4AP-0TR 3 Bicre/3/Ch 1//Gta/Stk/4/Bicre/Lks-4 ICD92-0150-CABL- 7AP-0AP-6AP-0TR 4 Bicre/3/Ch 1//Gta/Stk/4/Bicre/Lks-4 ICD92-0150-CABL- 7AP-0AP-7AP-0TR 5 Bicre/3/Ch 1//Gta/Stk/4/Bicre/Lks-4 ICD92-0150-CABL- 8AP-0AP-1AP-0TR 6 Gdo VZ5112/Cit//Ruff/Fg/3/Ente/Mario//Cando ICD88-1383-ABL- 11AP-0AP-6AP-0AP 7 Outrob3 ICD91-0811-AB-4AP- 0AP-4AP-0AP Location Karaj Moghan Sari Tr-MR Tr-R 0 0 Tr-R 0 0 0 0 0 5R 0 0 0 0 0 Tr-R 0 Tr-R 5R 0 - Bolani (Susceptible check) 100S 100S 100S
127 Role of yellow rust-resistance genes of wheat in Pakistan A. Hakro and Aly Khan Crop Diseases Research Institute, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Karachi University Campus, Karachi-75270, Pakistan Introduction Yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) is one of the most important diseases of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) in temperate areas of the world. Yellow rust can seriously reduce grain yields, particularly when a severe attack develops before ear emergence. The disease mainly affects the leaves but glumes can also become infected. Doodson, Manners and Myers (1965) reported that infected plants of susceptible varieties have a reduced number of florets and grains per ear and sometimes lower weight of individual grains. Leaves of infected plants are shorter and narrower than those of healthy plants and the dry weight of roots of susceptible plants can be reduced by more than 75% following infection. The control of yellow rust is almost exclusively by the use of resistant varieties. It has been observed that breeding for resistance to yellow rust has been a major objective in wheat breeding programmes. There are four types of resistance to yellow rust: (1) seedling resistance, in which the host is resistant both as a seedling and as a mature plant; (2) adult plant resistance, in which the host is susceptible as a seedling but resistant as mature plant; (3) environmentally determined resistance (commonly called field resistance), in which resistance can be manifested in seedlings, in the adult plant, or in both, but the expression of which is liable to changes with temperature; and (4) tolerance, in which the host is susceptible but yields well despite infection. Many workers have confirmed that the expression of resistance to yellow rust can differ greatly at different growth stages of individual genotypes. Stubbs (1968) has shown that even the first and second leaves of wheat plants can show quite different responses to yellow rust. In Pakistan, we have tested commercial varieties carrying YrA, Yr2, Yr4, Yr6, Yr7 and Yr9 genes alone or in combination, and a few varieties with unknown Yr genes, in different agroclimatic zones of the country.
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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iii Foreword Wheat is grown on roug
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v Preface The Central and West Asia
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vii About this publication This vol
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ix 2nd Regional Yellow Rust Confere
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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4 Epidemiology of wheat yellow rust
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6 Prevalent yellow rust pathotypes
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8 Pakistan Dr Badaruddin Soomro, PA
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10 Dr Naeem Ahmad, Wheat Research I
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Yellow rust of wheat in Nepal: an o
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inoculum originating from infected
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17 Control Efforts were made to dev
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Karki, C.B. 1994. Genetics of rust
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No virulence was observed on plants
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23 Results and discussion In the tw
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Virulence to yellow rust resistance
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and Yr27, the seedling data may not
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Yield evaluations of the PBW 343- a
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variation for yellow rust resistanc
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A number of Kauz-derived cvs, e.g.
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Kisana, S.N., Mujahid, Y.M. & Musta
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37 Material and methods Wheat nurse
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Challenge of a new race of Puccinia
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41 Table 1. Response of the yellow
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43 Occurrence and importance of yel
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To better explain the differences i
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Weather data were taken from the ne
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Disease progress stopped, in genera
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Roelfs, A.P. 1985. Epidemiology in
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The wheat stripe rust pathogen over
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55 6E150A+ 4E8A+ 6E130A+ 130E2A+ 6E
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Agriculture-guided evolution of pat
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Yr SD, Yr SU and YrA was observed.
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The data presented in Table 3 show
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Kirmani, M.A.S. 1980. Comparative e
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ust infection at the CIMMYT station
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67 Table 1. Estimation of the numbe
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Resistance to stripe rust disease o
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may be from the Aegilops parent as
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McNeal, F.H., Konzak, C.F., Smith,
Page 85 and 86: Disease severity (percentage of rus
Page 87 and 88: 77 Table 2. Genetic analysis of res
Page 89 and 90: Defence mechanisms against rust, an
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Page 93 and 94: components of the signalling pathwa
Page 95 and 96: Xing, T., Wang, X.J., Malik, K. & M
Page 97 and 98: provided for final decision regardi
Page 99 and 100: spreader, cv. Morocco. The data was
Page 101 and 102: 91 Table 4A. Entries included in Na
Page 103 and 104: 93 Table 5A. Entries in the Nationa
Page 105 and 106: 95 References Ahmad, S., Rodriguez,
Page 107 and 108: Yellow rust (YR) is one of the most
Page 109 and 110: 99 Table 1. Yellow rust reaction of
Page 111 and 112: 101 100 90 80 CHECKS IW IWWIP CAC E
Page 113 and 114: • To investigate the effectivenes
Page 115 and 116: 105 Figure 1. Locations of yellow r
Page 117 and 118: Table 2. Terminal reaction of diffe
Page 119 and 120: Isogenic lines possessing Yr9 and Y
Page 121 and 122: Inqilab 91 at Nowshera, Swabi and M
Page 123 and 124: Selection of yellow rust-resistant
Page 125 and 126: These genotypes—depending on the
Page 127 and 128: Reaction of some international whea
Page 129 and 130: nurseries were irrigated with mist
Page 131 and 132: Name Pedigree Source 23 Tevee'S'//B
Page 133 and 134: Name Pedigree Source 71 NS732/HER S
Page 135: Name Pedigree Source 41 Gcn/4/D68-1
Page 139 and 140: genes, such as with Yr6 in cultivar
Page 141: Dubin, H.J., Johnson, R. & Stubbs,
Page 144 and 145: 134 Yellow rust of wheat in Ethiopi
Page 146 and 147: 136 Virulence of stripe rust on dif
Page 148 and 149: 138 Turkey, Lebanon and Syria. Race
Page 150 and 151: 140 Evaluation of seedling and adul
Page 152 and 153: 142 of resistance not only to yello
Page 154 and 155: 144 Yellow rust reaction, disease d
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Page 158 and 159: 148 Outputs of the ten years of eva
Page 160 and 161: 150 Characterization of resistance
Page 162 and 163: 152 Results of testing winter wheat
Page 164 and 165: 154 Dr Valentina Ibragimoval, Kyrgy
Page 166 and 167: 156 Surveys of yellow rust populati
Page 168 and 169: 158 nurseries. ICARDA, at its headq
Page 170 and 171: 160 Table 2. Yellow rust differenti
Page 172 and 173: 162 Table 4. Selected elite cultiva
Page 174 and 175: 164 Table 7 shows the relative effe
Page 176 and 177: 166 Table 8. Field reaction of whea
Page 178 and 179: 168 Syria, Lebanon, Iran and Turkey
Page 180 and 181: 170 Regional Conference on Yellow R
Page 182 and 183: 172 moderate and high levels of res
Page 184 and 185: 174 Umanka. The same disease reacti
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176 genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8 a
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178 Table 3. Resistance to yellow r
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180 Monitoring bread wheat genotype
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182 3000 masl. Susceptible check cv
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184 Table3. Disease severity and re
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186 with great effect, particularly
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188 Conclusion Relatively old bread
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191 Abstracts of other papers prese
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193 Global perspectives in wheat ye
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195 Yellow rust in Central and West
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197 Outputs of the ten-year evaluat
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199 Yellow rust resistance of bread
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201 Influence of weather conditions
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203 Virulent pathotypes of yellow r
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associated with a greater yielding
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een based on a single major gene or
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209 Monitoring stripe [yellow] rust
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211 Pathotype and molecular variabi
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Functional analysis of yellow rust
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215 Study on resistance reaction of
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217 Resistance of International Win
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219 Researching the influence of an
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Australian pathotypes of Puccinia s
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and cultural practices have been ad
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225 Development of a detached leaf
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227 Virulence variation of Puccinia
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intervals and also as the border of
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231 Virus-induced gene silencing in
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233 Inheritance of resistance to ye
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generated from monogenically segreg
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• slow-rusting genes: Yr9, Yr12,
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239 Meeting the Challenge of Yellow
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241 Contents List of participants i
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Resistance response of promising wh
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Constructing physical and genomic m
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Inheritance of yellow rust resistan
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249 Algeria List of participants Dr
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Tajikistan Prof. Dr Hafiz Muminjano
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Identification of effective and dur
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For each resistant genotype (Table
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257 Figure 1. AUDPC of ineffective
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259 Figure 3. AUDPC of susceptible
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Among the wheat lines tested, 51% c
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263 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
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wheat germplasm lines from were tes
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An analysis of the 2009 epidemic of
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Overall yield loss estimation A gen
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271 Table 4a. Monthly mean temperat
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Further studies on Yr9 virulent pat
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evaluation, these varieties were ha
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277 Table 1. Genotype response to p
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may result in losses of up to 70% i
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Table 1A. Wheat yellow rust scenari
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283 Table 1C. Wheat yellow rust sce
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285 No. Cultivar/Yr genes Yellow ru
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Roelfs, A.P., Singh. R.P. & Saari,
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289 Materials and methods This stud
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ineffective (Yahyaoui et al., 2004)
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Combining high yield potential and
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Breeding for yellow rust-resistant
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It is evident from Table 3 that Lu2
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299 Table 4. Rust reactions in hot-
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Evaluation of Indian wheat genotype
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components individually is quite la
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305 Table 1. Grouping of AVT-2nd ye
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Effective and ineffective resistanc
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seedling resistance and adult plant
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The cultivars expressing an infecti
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New approaches in traditional resis
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(resistant × resistant); susceptib
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twice that of resistant ones. When
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nurseries from Oklahoma University
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321 Figure 1. Map of the Republic o
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323 % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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In comparison with the local variet
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327 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
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Virulence and avirulence factors of
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(Peterson, Campbell and Hannah, 194
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333 No. Genotype Gene(s) Severity a
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An overview of results of five year
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combinations of adult plant resista
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Sources of resistance to wheat stri
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APR. A spectacular example was the
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In our breeding programme we are lo
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345 Introduction Stripe Rust of whe
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Table 1. Adult plant infection type
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Dehghani, H., Moghadam, M.R., Ghann
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species in the region determined th
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353 Table 4. The materials tested f
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Breeding for resistance to rust dis
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diseases, powdery mildew, sunn pest
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359 References Dzhunusova, M., Yahy
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high yielding widely grown cultivar
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susceptible to susceptible in 2007,
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Of the yellow rust samples collecte
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367 Abstracts of other papers prese
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369 Monitoring pathogen dynamics in
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1980s. Occurrence of virulence for
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373 Race changes of Puccinia striif
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375 High-temperature, adult-plant (
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types with race Pst-3 than with Pst
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379 Investigation of genetic resist
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381 Gene sequencing reveals heterok
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383 Molecular characterization of w
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papillae, cell wall appositions and
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infection are obtained through arti
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2000 masl; Ae. cylindrica is locate
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391 Reaction of winter facultative
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393 Yellow rust in the south of Ukr
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395 Study of diverse winter wheat g
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397 Yellow rust epidemics and virul
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399 Wheat yellow rust situation in
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401 Inheritance of yellow rust resi
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infection of the pathogen for four
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Club and other susceptible wheat cv
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407 Selection of wheat cultivars fo
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conditions. In 2006 and 2008, due t
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411 Regulation of development of ye
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