Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops - ICARDA

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344 Resistance response of promising wheat lines to yellow rust by evaluation of AUDPC in Ardabil S. A. Safavi 1 , A. Babaei 2 , F. Afshari 3 and M. Arzanlou 2 1. Research Centre of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Ardabil, Ardabil, Islamic Republic of Iran 2. Plant Pathology Department of Tabriz University – Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran 3. Seed and Plant Improvement Research Institute- Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran Abstract Yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici is undoubtedly the most important fungal disease of wheat, especially in central and western Asia, and causes significant annual yield losses. In 1993 and 1995, losses due to yellow rust epidemics were estimated to be 1.5 and 1 million tonne, respectively. Production and use of resistant cultivars is the best control method. For this purpose, study of the reaction of 29 promising genotypes (lines) to yellow rust was carried out in Ardabil in the 2008/09 cropping season. Each genotype was planted as two 1-m long rows in a complete block design with three replications. The experiment was conducted under field conditions with artificial inoculation. In addition, seedling tests were conducted in the greenhouse. The disease severity and infection type were recorded based on the modified Cobb’s scale of Peterson, Campbell and Hannah (1948) and the method of Roelfs, Singh and Saari (1992). Coefficients of Infection (CI) were then calculated by combining disease severity and constant values of infection type. Results of variance analysis showed significant differences among lines at the 1% probability level. Mean comparison of CI and rAUDPC (Relative Area Under Disease Progress Curve) indicated that the lines C-86-1, C-86-2, C-87-1, C-87-2, C-87-3, C-87-18 had the highest CI and rAUDPC. The lines C-86-3, C- 86-9, C-87-6, C-87-8, and C-87-11 were susceptible at the seedling stage but resistant at the adult plant stage. The rest of the lines had no infection or a low level of infection. Thus, they were selected as resistant or moderately resistant lines.
345 Introduction Stripe Rust of wheat, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend f.sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn., is one of the most widely destructive plant diseases in the world and the most important disease of wheat in Iran. In Iran, epiphytotics of yellow rust have occurred frequently since 1991. The losses exceeded 30% in some cases (Torabi and Nazari, 1998). On highly susceptible cultivars, yellow rust severity can reach 100% and can cause yield losses of up to 96% (Ochoa, 1997). The rusts of cereal can be controlled by fungicides, but it is not always economical nor environmentally appropriate to use fungicide. Use of resistant cultivars is the most economical and the preferred method of controlling the rusts (Chen and Line, 2002). Although some resistant cultivars are deemed to be non-specific, changes in the pathogen's races have caused the failure of many cultivars nominally resistant to stripe rust, suggesting race specificity (Roelfs, Singh and Saari, 1992). Non-durability of resistance in cultivars has caused breeders to look for slow-rusting resistance in breeding programmes (Wiese, 1991). Slow-rusting resistance that appears to be race-non-specific and durable has been found in wheat and efforts to find cultivars with this type resistance have continued for the last few years (Lee and Shaner , 1985). Slow-rusting wheat cultivars, when infected by Puccinia striiformis, exhibit a longer latent period, smaller and fewer uredinia, and less spore production than susceptible cultivars (Parlevliet, 1988; Roelfs, Singh and Saari, 1992). The latent period is one of the most important components of slow-rusting resistance (Dehgani et al., 2002). Analysis of variance in the study of Dehghani and Moghadam (2004) showed the importance of both additive and dominance effects in controlling the latent period. In several cereal-rust pathosystems the quantitative aspects of cultivar resistance have been described by means of the disease severity at a certain moment or plant development stage, by the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) or by means of the apparent infection rate, r (Broers, Cuesta-Subias and Lopez- Atilano, 1996). Sandoval-Islas et al., (2007) showed that quantitative resistance components have association with one another. The latent period (LP) and infection frequency (IF) were well correlated with the AUDPC (r = 0.7–0.8). The objective of this study is to identify wheat lines with slow-rusting resistance. Materials and methods Seedling tests The resistance response of wheat seedlings was evaluated by planting seeds of lines in pots. At first leaf emergence, ca 10 days post-sowing, inoculation was carried out by spraying seedlings with a mixture of spores and talc powder.
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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iii Foreword Wheat is grown on roug
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v Preface The Central and West Asia
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vii About this publication This vol
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ix 2nd Regional Yellow Rust Confere
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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4 Epidemiology of wheat yellow rust
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6 Prevalent yellow rust pathotypes
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8 Pakistan Dr Badaruddin Soomro, PA
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10 Dr Naeem Ahmad, Wheat Research I
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Yellow rust of wheat in Nepal: an o
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inoculum originating from infected
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17 Control Efforts were made to dev
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Karki, C.B. 1994. Genetics of rust
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No virulence was observed on plants
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23 Results and discussion In the tw
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Virulence to yellow rust resistance
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and Yr27, the seedling data may not
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Yield evaluations of the PBW 343- a
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variation for yellow rust resistanc
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A number of Kauz-derived cvs, e.g.
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Kisana, S.N., Mujahid, Y.M. & Musta
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37 Material and methods Wheat nurse
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Challenge of a new race of Puccinia
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41 Table 1. Response of the yellow
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43 Occurrence and importance of yel
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To better explain the differences i
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Weather data were taken from the ne
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Disease progress stopped, in genera
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Roelfs, A.P. 1985. Epidemiology in
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The wheat stripe rust pathogen over
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55 6E150A+ 4E8A+ 6E130A+ 130E2A+ 6E
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Agriculture-guided evolution of pat
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Yr SD, Yr SU and YrA was observed.
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The data presented in Table 3 show
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Kirmani, M.A.S. 1980. Comparative e
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ust infection at the CIMMYT station
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67 Table 1. Estimation of the numbe
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Resistance to stripe rust disease o
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may be from the Aegilops parent as
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McNeal, F.H., Konzak, C.F., Smith,
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Disease severity (percentage of rus
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77 Table 2. Genetic analysis of res
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Defence mechanisms against rust, an
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for the biosynthesis of a large num
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components of the signalling pathwa
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Xing, T., Wang, X.J., Malik, K. & M
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provided for final decision regardi
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spreader, cv. Morocco. The data was
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91 Table 4A. Entries included in Na
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93 Table 5A. Entries in the Nationa
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95 References Ahmad, S., Rodriguez,
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Yellow rust (YR) is one of the most
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99 Table 1. Yellow rust reaction of
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101 100 90 80 CHECKS IW IWWIP CAC E
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• To investigate the effectivenes
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105 Figure 1. Locations of yellow r
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Table 2. Terminal reaction of diffe
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Isogenic lines possessing Yr9 and Y
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Inqilab 91 at Nowshera, Swabi and M
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Selection of yellow rust-resistant
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These genotypes—depending on the
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Reaction of some international whea
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nurseries were irrigated with mist
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Name Pedigree Source 23 Tevee'S'//B
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Name Pedigree Source 71 NS732/HER S
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Name Pedigree Source 41 Gcn/4/D68-1
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127 Role of yellow rust-resistance
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genes, such as with Yr6 in cultivar
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Dubin, H.J., Johnson, R. & Stubbs,
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134 Yellow rust of wheat in Ethiopi
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136 Virulence of stripe rust on dif
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138 Turkey, Lebanon and Syria. Race
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140 Evaluation of seedling and adul
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142 of resistance not only to yello
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144 Yellow rust reaction, disease d
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146
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148 Outputs of the ten years of eva
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150 Characterization of resistance
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152 Results of testing winter wheat
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154 Dr Valentina Ibragimoval, Kyrgy
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156 Surveys of yellow rust populati
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158 nurseries. ICARDA, at its headq
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160 Table 2. Yellow rust differenti
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162 Table 4. Selected elite cultiva
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164 Table 7 shows the relative effe
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166 Table 8. Field reaction of whea
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168 Syria, Lebanon, Iran and Turkey
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170 Regional Conference on Yellow R
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172 moderate and high levels of res
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174 Umanka. The same disease reacti
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176 genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8 a
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178 Table 3. Resistance to yellow r
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180 Monitoring bread wheat genotype
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182 3000 masl. Susceptible check cv
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184 Table3. Disease severity and re
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186 with great effect, particularly
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188 Conclusion Relatively old bread
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191 Abstracts of other papers prese
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193 Global perspectives in wheat ye
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195 Yellow rust in Central and West
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197 Outputs of the ten-year evaluat
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199 Yellow rust resistance of bread
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201 Influence of weather conditions
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203 Virulent pathotypes of yellow r
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associated with a greater yielding
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een based on a single major gene or
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209 Monitoring stripe [yellow] rust
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211 Pathotype and molecular variabi
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Functional analysis of yellow rust
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215 Study on resistance reaction of
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217 Resistance of International Win
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219 Researching the influence of an
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Australian pathotypes of Puccinia s
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and cultural practices have been ad
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225 Development of a detached leaf
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227 Virulence variation of Puccinia
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intervals and also as the border of
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231 Virus-induced gene silencing in
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233 Inheritance of resistance to ye
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generated from monogenically segreg
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• slow-rusting genes: Yr9, Yr12,
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239 Meeting the Challenge of Yellow
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241 Contents List of participants i
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Resistance response of promising wh
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Constructing physical and genomic m
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Inheritance of yellow rust resistan
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249 Algeria List of participants Dr
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Tajikistan Prof. Dr Hafiz Muminjano
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Identification of effective and dur
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For each resistant genotype (Table
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257 Figure 1. AUDPC of ineffective
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259 Figure 3. AUDPC of susceptible
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Among the wheat lines tested, 51% c
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263 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
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wheat germplasm lines from were tes
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An analysis of the 2009 epidemic of
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Overall yield loss estimation A gen
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271 Table 4a. Monthly mean temperat
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Further studies on Yr9 virulent pat
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evaluation, these varieties were ha
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277 Table 1. Genotype response to p
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may result in losses of up to 70% i
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Table 1A. Wheat yellow rust scenari
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283 Table 1C. Wheat yellow rust sce
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285 No. Cultivar/Yr genes Yellow ru
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Roelfs, A.P., Singh. R.P. & Saari,
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289 Materials and methods This stud
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ineffective (Yahyaoui et al., 2004)
Page 303 and 304: Combining high yield potential and
Page 305 and 306: Breeding for yellow rust-resistant
Page 307 and 308: It is evident from Table 3 that Lu2
Page 309 and 310: 299 Table 4. Rust reactions in hot-
Page 311 and 312: Evaluation of Indian wheat genotype
Page 313 and 314: components individually is quite la
Page 315 and 316: 305 Table 1. Grouping of AVT-2nd ye
Page 317 and 318: Effective and ineffective resistanc
Page 319 and 320: seedling resistance and adult plant
Page 321 and 322: The cultivars expressing an infecti
Page 323 and 324: New approaches in traditional resis
Page 325 and 326: (resistant × resistant); susceptib
Page 327 and 328: twice that of resistant ones. When
Page 329 and 330: nurseries from Oklahoma University
Page 331 and 332: 321 Figure 1. Map of the Republic o
Page 333 and 334: 323 % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 335 and 336: In comparison with the local variet
Page 337 and 338: 327 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
Page 339 and 340: Virulence and avirulence factors of
Page 341 and 342: (Peterson, Campbell and Hannah, 194
Page 343 and 344: 333 No. Genotype Gene(s) Severity a
Page 345 and 346: An overview of results of five year
Page 347 and 348: combinations of adult plant resista
Page 349 and 350: Sources of resistance to wheat stri
Page 351 and 352: APR. A spectacular example was the
Page 353: In our breeding programme we are lo
Page 357 and 358: Table 1. Adult plant infection type
Page 359 and 360: Dehghani, H., Moghadam, M.R., Ghann
Page 361 and 362: species in the region determined th
Page 363 and 364: 353 Table 4. The materials tested f
Page 365 and 366: Breeding for resistance to rust dis
Page 367 and 368: diseases, powdery mildew, sunn pest
Page 369 and 370: 359 References Dzhunusova, M., Yahy
Page 371 and 372: high yielding widely grown cultivar
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Page 375 and 376: Of the yellow rust samples collecte
Page 377 and 378: 367 Abstracts of other papers prese
Page 379 and 380: 369 Monitoring pathogen dynamics in
Page 381 and 382: 1980s. Occurrence of virulence for
Page 383 and 384: 373 Race changes of Puccinia striif
Page 385 and 386: 375 High-temperature, adult-plant (
Page 387 and 388: types with race Pst-3 than with Pst
Page 389 and 390: 379 Investigation of genetic resist
Page 391 and 392: 381 Gene sequencing reveals heterok
Page 393 and 394: 383 Molecular characterization of w
Page 395 and 396: papillae, cell wall appositions and
Page 397 and 398: infection are obtained through arti
Page 399 and 400: 2000 masl; Ae. cylindrica is locate
Page 401 and 402: 391 Reaction of winter facultative
Page 403 and 404: 393 Yellow rust in the south of Ukr
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395 Study of diverse winter wheat g
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397 Yellow rust epidemics and virul
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399 Wheat yellow rust situation in
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401 Inheritance of yellow rust resi
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infection of the pathogen for four
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Club and other susceptible wheat cv
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407 Selection of wheat cultivars fo
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conditions. In 2006 and 2008, due t
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411 Regulation of development of ye
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