Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops - ICARDA

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390 Breeding for qualitative resistance is a widely adopted method. This paper introduces seven promising lines of drought-tolerant, stem and yellow rustsresistant and high yielding bread wheat. Two sets of wheat material, including 44 F 3 segregating populations and 100 drought-tolerant high yielding lines received from ICARDA were evaluated in Early Generation tests and an Advanced Yield Trial, respectively, at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Karaj, Iran, during the 2003/04 cropping season in two sets of experiments. In the first set, the 44 F 3 segregating populations were planted under mist conditions and the selected bulk method was used to handle the F 3 generation. Selected plants from the segregating populations were planted under terminal drought stress (TDS) conditions to assess their drought tolerance through to the F 6 generation. Selected pure lines were then tested for grain yield in Regional Preliminary Yield Trials at Karaj (temperate zone) and Ardabil stations (cold zone) as the F 7 generation in 2007/08. The selected lines were then sent to Kenya for evaluation of their reaction to the aggressive new stem rust race (Ug99). Data received from Kenya showed resistance to Ug99 in four selected lines with pedigrees 474S10-1/Bolero/3/Tirchmir 1/LCO//Sabalan; 130L1.11//F35.70/MO73/4/YMH/TOB//MCD/3/Lira/5/Tirchmir 1/LCO//Sabalan; Skauz/4/TJB916.46/CB306//2*MHB/3/BUC/5/Tirchmir 1/LCO//Sabalan; and Sabalan/KINACI97. The selected lines showed an acceptable level of resistance to yellow rust race 166E134A+. Determination of yield stability was carried out using a non-parametric ranking statistic method, and results showed that these four lines with good resistance to Ug99 and 166E134A+, Yr27+ races also had yield superior to the check cultivars. In the second set of experiments, 100 advanced lines were planted in an alpha lattice design Advanced Yield Trial under TDS conditions and relevant agronomic and morphological traits, grain yield and reactions to rusts were recorded. Selected lines were evaluated for rust resistance in several hot-spots over three cropping seasons and evaluated for grain yield stability and adaptability on four agricultural research stations for two years. Considering both the recorded stem rust data from Kenya, and yellow rust data from hotspot sites in Iran, and based on grain yield, five superior drought-tolerant lines were selected from this trial. The lines Bkt/Zhong; OK82282//BOW/NKT/3/ SARDARI-HD 75; SARDARI-HD 93/6/SN64//SKE/ 2*ANE/3/SX/4/ were resistant to the 166E134A+, Yr27 yellow rust race, but were susceptible to Ug99. Although the line with pedigree of AGRI/BJY//VEE/3/PRINIA was moderately-resistant to Ug99, it showed high susceptibility (90S) to a new yellow rust race. The new line (SARDARI-HD83//LINFEN875072/KAUZ) was resistant to both stem rust (Ug99) and yellow rust (166E134A+, Yr27+) with high yield under both irrigated and TDS conditions.
391 Reaction of winter facultative wheat to yellow rust in Turkey and Syria M. Keser, 1 A. Morgounov, 2 B. Akın, 2 Y. Kaya, 3 Z. Mert, 4 S. Rajaram 5 and N. Kumarse 5 1. ICARDA, Ankara, Turkey; 2. CIMMYT, Ankara, Turkey; 3. BDIARI, Ankara, Turkey; 4. RIFC, Ankara, Turkey; 5. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria Wheat is the major crop in the Central and West Asia and North Africa (CWANA) region, and the main disease is yellow rust (YR). The International Winter Wheat Improvement Programme (IWWIP) is a joint programme of the Government of Turkey, CIMMYT and ICARDA that aims to develop material to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses prevalent in CWANA. The material has been evaluated for YR reaction in Ankara, Turkey, and Aleppo, Syria, under artificial inoculation conditions in order to select material resistant at both locations. The Preliminary Yield Trial (PYT) (1573 entries, including checks) and Winter Facultative Crossing Block (CBWF) were planted in both locations. CBWF had 295 entries that included genotypes coming not only from IWWIP but also from various breeding programmes with wide genotypic diversity. They were both inoculated three times with the YR populations collected from the same location in the previous year. Inoculation times reflected both crop growth stage (tillering, booting and heading) and climatic conditions. Comparisons were based on the reactions to YR in both locations. Resistance and susceptibility of most of the material was the same in both locations, indicating that the YR populations were basically the same or resistance genes are the same. However, there was some material resistant in Ankara but susceptible in Aleppo, and vice versa. There were also some genotypes showing different degrees of resistance or susceptibility between the locations. These results indicate that even though the YR populations are mostly similar, there are also differences, although slight. Some genotypes had very early first YR symptoms, and though most of them showed very high susceptibility, some had low YR severity in later growth stages. Sets from this material have been selected for further evaluation.
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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iii Foreword Wheat is grown on roug
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v Preface The Central and West Asia
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vii About this publication This vol
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ix 2nd Regional Yellow Rust Confere
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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4 Epidemiology of wheat yellow rust
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6 Prevalent yellow rust pathotypes
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8 Pakistan Dr Badaruddin Soomro, PA
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10 Dr Naeem Ahmad, Wheat Research I
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Yellow rust of wheat in Nepal: an o
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inoculum originating from infected
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17 Control Efforts were made to dev
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Karki, C.B. 1994. Genetics of rust
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No virulence was observed on plants
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23 Results and discussion In the tw
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Virulence to yellow rust resistance
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and Yr27, the seedling data may not
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Yield evaluations of the PBW 343- a
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variation for yellow rust resistanc
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A number of Kauz-derived cvs, e.g.
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Kisana, S.N., Mujahid, Y.M. & Musta
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37 Material and methods Wheat nurse
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Challenge of a new race of Puccinia
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41 Table 1. Response of the yellow
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43 Occurrence and importance of yel
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To better explain the differences i
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Weather data were taken from the ne
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Disease progress stopped, in genera
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Roelfs, A.P. 1985. Epidemiology in
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The wheat stripe rust pathogen over
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55 6E150A+ 4E8A+ 6E130A+ 130E2A+ 6E
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Agriculture-guided evolution of pat
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Yr SD, Yr SU and YrA was observed.
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The data presented in Table 3 show
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Kirmani, M.A.S. 1980. Comparative e
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ust infection at the CIMMYT station
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67 Table 1. Estimation of the numbe
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Resistance to stripe rust disease o
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may be from the Aegilops parent as
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McNeal, F.H., Konzak, C.F., Smith,
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Disease severity (percentage of rus
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77 Table 2. Genetic analysis of res
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Defence mechanisms against rust, an
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for the biosynthesis of a large num
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components of the signalling pathwa
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Xing, T., Wang, X.J., Malik, K. & M
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provided for final decision regardi
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spreader, cv. Morocco. The data was
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91 Table 4A. Entries included in Na
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93 Table 5A. Entries in the Nationa
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95 References Ahmad, S., Rodriguez,
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Yellow rust (YR) is one of the most
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99 Table 1. Yellow rust reaction of
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101 100 90 80 CHECKS IW IWWIP CAC E
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• To investigate the effectivenes
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105 Figure 1. Locations of yellow r
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Table 2. Terminal reaction of diffe
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Isogenic lines possessing Yr9 and Y
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Inqilab 91 at Nowshera, Swabi and M
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Selection of yellow rust-resistant
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These genotypes—depending on the
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Reaction of some international whea
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nurseries were irrigated with mist
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Name Pedigree Source 23 Tevee'S'//B
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Name Pedigree Source 71 NS732/HER S
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Name Pedigree Source 41 Gcn/4/D68-1
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127 Role of yellow rust-resistance
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genes, such as with Yr6 in cultivar
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Dubin, H.J., Johnson, R. & Stubbs,
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134 Yellow rust of wheat in Ethiopi
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136 Virulence of stripe rust on dif
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138 Turkey, Lebanon and Syria. Race
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140 Evaluation of seedling and adul
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142 of resistance not only to yello
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144 Yellow rust reaction, disease d
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146
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148 Outputs of the ten years of eva
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150 Characterization of resistance
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152 Results of testing winter wheat
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154 Dr Valentina Ibragimoval, Kyrgy
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156 Surveys of yellow rust populati
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158 nurseries. ICARDA, at its headq
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160 Table 2. Yellow rust differenti
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162 Table 4. Selected elite cultiva
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164 Table 7 shows the relative effe
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166 Table 8. Field reaction of whea
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168 Syria, Lebanon, Iran and Turkey
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170 Regional Conference on Yellow R
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172 moderate and high levels of res
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174 Umanka. The same disease reacti
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176 genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8 a
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178 Table 3. Resistance to yellow r
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180 Monitoring bread wheat genotype
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182 3000 masl. Susceptible check cv
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184 Table3. Disease severity and re
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186 with great effect, particularly
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188 Conclusion Relatively old bread
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191 Abstracts of other papers prese
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193 Global perspectives in wheat ye
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195 Yellow rust in Central and West
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197 Outputs of the ten-year evaluat
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199 Yellow rust resistance of bread
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201 Influence of weather conditions
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203 Virulent pathotypes of yellow r
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associated with a greater yielding
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een based on a single major gene or
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209 Monitoring stripe [yellow] rust
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211 Pathotype and molecular variabi
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Functional analysis of yellow rust
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215 Study on resistance reaction of
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217 Resistance of International Win
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219 Researching the influence of an
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Australian pathotypes of Puccinia s
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and cultural practices have been ad
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225 Development of a detached leaf
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227 Virulence variation of Puccinia
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intervals and also as the border of
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231 Virus-induced gene silencing in
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233 Inheritance of resistance to ye
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generated from monogenically segreg
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• slow-rusting genes: Yr9, Yr12,
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239 Meeting the Challenge of Yellow
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241 Contents List of participants i
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Resistance response of promising wh
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Constructing physical and genomic m
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Inheritance of yellow rust resistan
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249 Algeria List of participants Dr
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Tajikistan Prof. Dr Hafiz Muminjano
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Identification of effective and dur
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For each resistant genotype (Table
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257 Figure 1. AUDPC of ineffective
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259 Figure 3. AUDPC of susceptible
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Among the wheat lines tested, 51% c
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263 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
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wheat germplasm lines from were tes
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An analysis of the 2009 epidemic of
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Overall yield loss estimation A gen
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271 Table 4a. Monthly mean temperat
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Further studies on Yr9 virulent pat
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evaluation, these varieties were ha
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277 Table 1. Genotype response to p
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may result in losses of up to 70% i
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Table 1A. Wheat yellow rust scenari
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283 Table 1C. Wheat yellow rust sce
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285 No. Cultivar/Yr genes Yellow ru
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Roelfs, A.P., Singh. R.P. & Saari,
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289 Materials and methods This stud
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ineffective (Yahyaoui et al., 2004)
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Combining high yield potential and
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Breeding for yellow rust-resistant
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It is evident from Table 3 that Lu2
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299 Table 4. Rust reactions in hot-
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Evaluation of Indian wheat genotype
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components individually is quite la
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305 Table 1. Grouping of AVT-2nd ye
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Effective and ineffective resistanc
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seedling resistance and adult plant
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The cultivars expressing an infecti
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New approaches in traditional resis
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(resistant × resistant); susceptib
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twice that of resistant ones. When
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nurseries from Oklahoma University
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321 Figure 1. Map of the Republic o
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323 % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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In comparison with the local variet
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327 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
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Virulence and avirulence factors of
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(Peterson, Campbell and Hannah, 194
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333 No. Genotype Gene(s) Severity a
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An overview of results of five year
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combinations of adult plant resista
Page 349 and 350: Sources of resistance to wheat stri
Page 351 and 352: APR. A spectacular example was the
Page 353 and 354: In our breeding programme we are lo
Page 355 and 356: 345 Introduction Stripe Rust of whe
Page 357 and 358: Table 1. Adult plant infection type
Page 359 and 360: Dehghani, H., Moghadam, M.R., Ghann
Page 361 and 362: species in the region determined th
Page 363 and 364: 353 Table 4. The materials tested f
Page 365 and 366: Breeding for resistance to rust dis
Page 367 and 368: diseases, powdery mildew, sunn pest
Page 369 and 370: 359 References Dzhunusova, M., Yahy
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Page 375 and 376: Of the yellow rust samples collecte
Page 377 and 378: 367 Abstracts of other papers prese
Page 379 and 380: 369 Monitoring pathogen dynamics in
Page 381 and 382: 1980s. Occurrence of virulence for
Page 383 and 384: 373 Race changes of Puccinia striif
Page 385 and 386: 375 High-temperature, adult-plant (
Page 387 and 388: types with race Pst-3 than with Pst
Page 389 and 390: 379 Investigation of genetic resist
Page 391 and 392: 381 Gene sequencing reveals heterok
Page 393 and 394: 383 Molecular characterization of w
Page 395 and 396: papillae, cell wall appositions and
Page 397 and 398: infection are obtained through arti
Page 399: 2000 masl; Ae. cylindrica is locate
Page 403 and 404: 393 Yellow rust in the south of Ukr
Page 405 and 406: 395 Study of diverse winter wheat g
Page 407 and 408: 397 Yellow rust epidemics and virul
Page 409 and 410: 399 Wheat yellow rust situation in
Page 411 and 412: 401 Inheritance of yellow rust resi
Page 413 and 414: infection of the pathogen for four
Page 415 and 416: Club and other susceptible wheat cv
Page 417 and 418: 407 Selection of wheat cultivars fo
Page 419 and 420: conditions. In 2006 and 2008, due t
Page 421 and 422: 411 Regulation of development of ye
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