Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops - ICARDA

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312 References Ben Yehuda, P., Eilam, T., Manisterski, J., Shimoni, A. & Akster, Y. 2004. Leaf rust on Aegilops speltoides caused by a new forma specialis of Puccinia triticina. Phytopathology, 94: 94–101. Brown, W.M. Jr, Hill, J.P. & Velasco, V.R. 2001. Barley yellow rust in North America. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 39: 367–384. Castro, A.J., Chen, X.M., Hayes, P.M., Knapp, S.J., Line, R.F., Toojinda, T. & Vivar, H. 2002. Coincident QTL which determine seedling and adult plant resistance to stripe rust in barley. Crop Science, 42(5): 1701–1708. Chen, X.M. & Line, R.F. 2002. Identification of genes for resistance to Puccinia striiformis f.sp. hordei in 18 barley genotypes. Euphytica, 129: 127–145. Chen, X.M., Line, R.F. & Leung, H. 1995. Virulence and polymorphic DNA relationships of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. hordei to other rusts. Phytopathology, 85: 1335–1342. Dehghani, H. & Moghaddam, M. 2004. Genetic analysis of latent period of stripe rust in wheat seedlings. Journal of Phytopathology, 122: 325–330. Dubin, H.J. & R.W. Stubbs. 1986. Epidemic spread of barley stripe rust in South America. Plant Disease, 70: 141–144. El-Naimi, M., Yahyaoui, A., Ketata, H., Abdalah, O., Nachit, M. & Hakim, S. 2001. Screening for yellow rust resistance in bread and durum wheat. Abstract. In: R. Johnson, A. Yahyaoui, C. Wellings, A. Saidi and H. Ketata (editors). Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops. Proceedings of the [First] Regional Yellow Rust Conference for Central and West Asia and North Africa, 8–14 May 2001, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran. ICARDA, Syria. Eriksson, J. 1894. Uber die Spezialisierung des Parasitismus bei den Getreiderostpilzen. Ber. Dtsch. Bot. Ges., 12: 292–331. Esfandiari, E. 1947. Les rouilles de cereales en Iran. Entomology Phytopath. Appl., 4: 67– 76. Hovmøller, M.S. 2001. Disease severity and pathotype dynamics of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici in Denmark. Plant Pathology, 50: 181–189. Line, R.F. 2002. Stripe Rust of wheat and barley in North America: A retrospective historical review. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 40: 75–118. Line, R.F. & Chen, X.M. 1995. Success in breeding for and managing durable resistance to wheat rusts. Plant Disease, 79: 1254–1255. Peterson, R.F., Campbell, A.B. & Hannah, A.E. 1948. A diagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity of leaves and stems on cereals. Canadian Journal of Research, 26c(5): 496–500. Roelfs, A.P., Singh, R.P. & Saari, E.E. 1992. Rusts Diseases of Wheat: Concepts and Methods of Disease Management. CIMMYT, Mexico. Sandoval-Islas, J.S., Broers, L.H.M., Vivar, H. & Osada, K.S. 1998. Evaluation of quantitative resistance to yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. hordei) in the ICARDA/CIMMYT barley breeding programme. Plant Breeding, 117: 127–130. Zadoks, J.C. 1961. Yellow rust of wheat. Studies in epidemiology and physiologic specialisation. Tijdschrift over plantezieken [Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology], 67: 69–256.
New approaches in traditional resistance breeding 313 Kh.S. Turakulov and S.K. Baboev Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology AS Ruz, Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Kibray, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Abstract The development of cultivars of wheat with resistance to destructive pathogens that reduce grain yield and quality constitute major wheat breeding objectives. To incorporate resistance in wheat varieties from different sources, crossing is still the principal procedure for breeding new varieties, utilizing genetic recombination and bringing together multigenic combinations. In this respect, an experiment was conducted to study the inheritance of yellow rust on bread wheat. We screened released and prospective varieties and selected lines of bread wheat from local, CIMMYT and ICARDA germplasm sources for yellow rust and leaf rust resistance. Among screened material, crosses were made between four groups. In the first group, the crosses were made among resistant lines and cultivars (resistant × resistant). In the second group, crosses were made between susceptible cultivars and lines (susceptible × susceptible). In the third group, crosses were conducted among resistant and susceptible material in a reciprocal manner (resistant × susceptible; susceptible × resistant). Finally, in the fourth group, we crossed moderately resistant and moderately susceptible cultivars and lines. Except in group one, the crosses were conducted among parents with different distinct morphological traits and disease reactions in order to identify eventual morphological markers for resistance. Plant colour analysis of progeny showed that resistance was more frequent in progenies which tend to have a greyer green colour rather than greener. There was no difference in disease reaction in plants having spikes with awns or without. Early heading was associated more with resistance than susceptibility. In late heading progenies, both resistance and susceptibility occurred equally. Progenies with tall plants were more resistant but lodged more easily. Almost in all groups, we obtained progenies with R, MR, MS and S types of reaction. In progenies of crosses involving moderately resistant and moderately susceptible parents, we obtained a range of reactions, including resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible and susceptible plants. In some crosses, such as Superwheat 1659 × Djagir and F19 × Sanzar, we observed slow rusting in the progenies. These progenies expressed an increased latent period, decreased infection frequency and a reduced length of infection lesions (stripes). In the crosses between susceptible and resistant entries (e.g. Morocco × Ravi), it was found that some progenies were highly
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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iii Foreword Wheat is grown on roug
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v Preface The Central and West Asia
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vii About this publication This vol
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ix 2nd Regional Yellow Rust Confere
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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4 Epidemiology of wheat yellow rust
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6 Prevalent yellow rust pathotypes
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8 Pakistan Dr Badaruddin Soomro, PA
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10 Dr Naeem Ahmad, Wheat Research I
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Yellow rust of wheat in Nepal: an o
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inoculum originating from infected
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17 Control Efforts were made to dev
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Karki, C.B. 1994. Genetics of rust
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No virulence was observed on plants
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23 Results and discussion In the tw
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Virulence to yellow rust resistance
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and Yr27, the seedling data may not
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Yield evaluations of the PBW 343- a
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variation for yellow rust resistanc
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A number of Kauz-derived cvs, e.g.
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Kisana, S.N., Mujahid, Y.M. & Musta
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37 Material and methods Wheat nurse
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Challenge of a new race of Puccinia
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41 Table 1. Response of the yellow
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43 Occurrence and importance of yel
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To better explain the differences i
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Weather data were taken from the ne
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Disease progress stopped, in genera
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Roelfs, A.P. 1985. Epidemiology in
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The wheat stripe rust pathogen over
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55 6E150A+ 4E8A+ 6E130A+ 130E2A+ 6E
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Agriculture-guided evolution of pat
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Yr SD, Yr SU and YrA was observed.
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The data presented in Table 3 show
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Kirmani, M.A.S. 1980. Comparative e
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ust infection at the CIMMYT station
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67 Table 1. Estimation of the numbe
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Resistance to stripe rust disease o
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may be from the Aegilops parent as
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McNeal, F.H., Konzak, C.F., Smith,
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Disease severity (percentage of rus
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77 Table 2. Genetic analysis of res
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Defence mechanisms against rust, an
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for the biosynthesis of a large num
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components of the signalling pathwa
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Xing, T., Wang, X.J., Malik, K. & M
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provided for final decision regardi
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spreader, cv. Morocco. The data was
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91 Table 4A. Entries included in Na
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93 Table 5A. Entries in the Nationa
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95 References Ahmad, S., Rodriguez,
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Yellow rust (YR) is one of the most
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99 Table 1. Yellow rust reaction of
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101 100 90 80 CHECKS IW IWWIP CAC E
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• To investigate the effectivenes
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105 Figure 1. Locations of yellow r
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Table 2. Terminal reaction of diffe
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Isogenic lines possessing Yr9 and Y
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Inqilab 91 at Nowshera, Swabi and M
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Selection of yellow rust-resistant
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These genotypes—depending on the
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Reaction of some international whea
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nurseries were irrigated with mist
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Name Pedigree Source 23 Tevee'S'//B
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Name Pedigree Source 71 NS732/HER S
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Name Pedigree Source 41 Gcn/4/D68-1
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127 Role of yellow rust-resistance
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genes, such as with Yr6 in cultivar
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Dubin, H.J., Johnson, R. & Stubbs,
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134 Yellow rust of wheat in Ethiopi
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136 Virulence of stripe rust on dif
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138 Turkey, Lebanon and Syria. Race
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140 Evaluation of seedling and adul
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142 of resistance not only to yello
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144 Yellow rust reaction, disease d
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146
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148 Outputs of the ten years of eva
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150 Characterization of resistance
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152 Results of testing winter wheat
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154 Dr Valentina Ibragimoval, Kyrgy
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156 Surveys of yellow rust populati
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158 nurseries. ICARDA, at its headq
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160 Table 2. Yellow rust differenti
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162 Table 4. Selected elite cultiva
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164 Table 7 shows the relative effe
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166 Table 8. Field reaction of whea
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168 Syria, Lebanon, Iran and Turkey
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170 Regional Conference on Yellow R
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172 moderate and high levels of res
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174 Umanka. The same disease reacti
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176 genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8 a
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178 Table 3. Resistance to yellow r
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180 Monitoring bread wheat genotype
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182 3000 masl. Susceptible check cv
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184 Table3. Disease severity and re
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186 with great effect, particularly
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188 Conclusion Relatively old bread
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191 Abstracts of other papers prese
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193 Global perspectives in wheat ye
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195 Yellow rust in Central and West
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197 Outputs of the ten-year evaluat
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199 Yellow rust resistance of bread
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201 Influence of weather conditions
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203 Virulent pathotypes of yellow r
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associated with a greater yielding
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een based on a single major gene or
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209 Monitoring stripe [yellow] rust
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211 Pathotype and molecular variabi
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Functional analysis of yellow rust
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215 Study on resistance reaction of
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217 Resistance of International Win
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219 Researching the influence of an
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Australian pathotypes of Puccinia s
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and cultural practices have been ad
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225 Development of a detached leaf
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227 Virulence variation of Puccinia
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intervals and also as the border of
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231 Virus-induced gene silencing in
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233 Inheritance of resistance to ye
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generated from monogenically segreg
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• slow-rusting genes: Yr9, Yr12,
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239 Meeting the Challenge of Yellow
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241 Contents List of participants i
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Resistance response of promising wh
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Constructing physical and genomic m
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Inheritance of yellow rust resistan
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249 Algeria List of participants Dr
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Tajikistan Prof. Dr Hafiz Muminjano
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Identification of effective and dur
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For each resistant genotype (Table
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257 Figure 1. AUDPC of ineffective
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259 Figure 3. AUDPC of susceptible
Page 271 and 272: Among the wheat lines tested, 51% c
Page 273 and 274: 263 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
Page 275 and 276: wheat germplasm lines from were tes
Page 277 and 278: An analysis of the 2009 epidemic of
Page 279 and 280: Overall yield loss estimation A gen
Page 281 and 282: 271 Table 4a. Monthly mean temperat
Page 283 and 284: Further studies on Yr9 virulent pat
Page 285 and 286: evaluation, these varieties were ha
Page 287 and 288: 277 Table 1. Genotype response to p
Page 289 and 290: may result in losses of up to 70% i
Page 291 and 292: Table 1A. Wheat yellow rust scenari
Page 293 and 294: 283 Table 1C. Wheat yellow rust sce
Page 295 and 296: 285 No. Cultivar/Yr genes Yellow ru
Page 297 and 298: Roelfs, A.P., Singh. R.P. & Saari,
Page 299 and 300: 289 Materials and methods This stud
Page 301 and 302: ineffective (Yahyaoui et al., 2004)
Page 303 and 304: Combining high yield potential and
Page 305 and 306: Breeding for yellow rust-resistant
Page 307 and 308: It is evident from Table 3 that Lu2
Page 309 and 310: 299 Table 4. Rust reactions in hot-
Page 311 and 312: Evaluation of Indian wheat genotype
Page 313 and 314: components individually is quite la
Page 315 and 316: 305 Table 1. Grouping of AVT-2nd ye
Page 317 and 318: Effective and ineffective resistanc
Page 319 and 320: seedling resistance and adult plant
Page 321: The cultivars expressing an infecti
Page 325 and 326: (resistant × resistant); susceptib
Page 327 and 328: twice that of resistant ones. When
Page 329 and 330: nurseries from Oklahoma University
Page 331 and 332: 321 Figure 1. Map of the Republic o
Page 333 and 334: 323 % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 335 and 336: In comparison with the local variet
Page 337 and 338: 327 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
Page 339 and 340: Virulence and avirulence factors of
Page 341 and 342: (Peterson, Campbell and Hannah, 194
Page 343 and 344: 333 No. Genotype Gene(s) Severity a
Page 345 and 346: An overview of results of five year
Page 347 and 348: combinations of adult plant resista
Page 349 and 350: Sources of resistance to wheat stri
Page 351 and 352: APR. A spectacular example was the
Page 353 and 354: In our breeding programme we are lo
Page 355 and 356: 345 Introduction Stripe Rust of whe
Page 357 and 358: Table 1. Adult plant infection type
Page 359 and 360: Dehghani, H., Moghadam, M.R., Ghann
Page 361 and 362: species in the region determined th
Page 363 and 364: 353 Table 4. The materials tested f
Page 365 and 366: Breeding for resistance to rust dis
Page 367 and 368: diseases, powdery mildew, sunn pest
Page 369 and 370: 359 References Dzhunusova, M., Yahy
Page 371 and 372: high yielding widely grown cultivar
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susceptible to susceptible in 2007,
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Of the yellow rust samples collecte
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367 Abstracts of other papers prese
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369 Monitoring pathogen dynamics in
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1980s. Occurrence of virulence for
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373 Race changes of Puccinia striif
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375 High-temperature, adult-plant (
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types with race Pst-3 than with Pst
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379 Investigation of genetic resist
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381 Gene sequencing reveals heterok
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383 Molecular characterization of w
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papillae, cell wall appositions and
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infection are obtained through arti
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2000 masl; Ae. cylindrica is locate
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391 Reaction of winter facultative
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393 Yellow rust in the south of Ukr
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395 Study of diverse winter wheat g
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397 Yellow rust epidemics and virul
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399 Wheat yellow rust situation in
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401 Inheritance of yellow rust resi
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infection of the pathogen for four
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Club and other susceptible wheat cv
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407 Selection of wheat cultivars fo
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conditions. In 2006 and 2008, due t
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411 Regulation of development of ye
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