Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops - ICARDA

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310 from this study we concluded that RpsEm1, RpsEm2, RpsHF, Rps4, Rps1.c, RpsVa1, RpsVa2 and RpsAst were effective resistance genes. The weather conditions in 2007 and 2008 were not favourable for disease development. In 2009, barley stripe rust developed well at all sites. The results indicate that the Ardabil pathotype is more virulent than two other pathotypes. Effectiveness of breeding is highly dependent on the relevance of information concerning the nature and extent of the pathogenic variation. In this study we concluded that cv. Bancroft is moderately susceptible. This cultivar has high-temperature adult plant resistance, which is a form of durable resistance (Line, 2002). Thus in breeding programmes we can use this cultivar, in combination with other cultivars that have desirable characteristics and other durable resistance genes. Table 1. Results of survey on virulence factors of barley yellow rust pathogen in 2007–2009 in three areas of Iran Differential sets Resistance genes 2007 2008 2009 Ardabil Ardabil Sari Mashhad Ardabil Sari Mashhad Topper — 70S 50S O 40S 30MS 40S Helis Franken Rps4(Yr4),rpsHF O O O 10MR O O Emir rpsEm1, rpsEm2 O O O O O O Asterix Rps4(Yr4), rpsAst O O O 10MR O O Hiproly rpsHi1, rpsHi2 O O O 10MS O O Varunda rpsVa1,rpsVa2 O O O 0 O O Abed Binder rps2 (yr2) Tr-MR 40MS O 40MS O 30S Trumpf rpsTr1,rpsTr2 O 10MS O 20MS O O Mazurka rps1.c O O O 20MR O O Bigo rps1.b (yr) O 10MS O 20S O 30MS I5 rps3 (yr3), rpsI5 10MS 20MS O 30MS-S O 30MR Bancroft HTAP genes 10MS O O 30MS-S O 40S Afzal — 70S 80S 50S 60S 40MS-S 90S NOTES: HTAP = high-temperature, adult-plant [resistance]. Evaluation of commercial cultivars: Among commercial cultivars, except entries 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, 11 (see Table 2) which had low infection, the cultivars had a moderately susceptible or susceptible reaction to barley stripe rust in Ardabil. The results indicated that Ardabil conditions were favourable for disease development, allowing an appropriate assessment of commercial cultivars.
The cultivars expressing an infection type MS or MR may carry durable resistance genes (Brown, Hill and Velasco, 2001; El-Naimi et al., 2001). Consequently, entries 2, 3, 4, 7, 10 and 11 (see Table 2) may have some form of durable resistance, such as high-temperature, adult-plant (HTAP) and slow rusting. This type of resistance is long lasting, because it is controlled by more than one gene, in other words, polygenic (Dehghani and Moghadam, 2004). In consideration of the fact that the rust challenge is continuously changing due to mutation, migration over long distances and in response to selection pressure of cultivar genotypes on pathogen genotypes (Hovmøller, 2001; Ben Yehuda et al., 2004), researchers should deploy non-specific resistance instead of race-specific. 311 Table 2. Severity and infection type for commercial cultivars to barley yellow rust pathogen in 2009 in Ardabil, Iran Entry no. Cultivar Infection type Replicate 1 Replicate 2 Replicate 3 1 Walfajre 30M 30MR 30MS 2 Rihane 10MR 20MS-S 20MS 3 Makouee 5R 10MR 0 4 Kavir 30M 20MS 20MR 5 Karoon 70MS 60M 60M 6 Torkman 60MS 60M 60M 7 Dasht 10MS 10MS 20MS 8 Jonob 40MS 40MS-S 40MS 9 Gorgan-4 40MS 30MS 10MR 10 Zarjow 10MR 30MR 30M 11 Arass 20MR 20M 20MR 12 Goharjow 70S 60S 50S 13 Eram 100S 70S 50MS 14 Sina 50M 70MS-S 50MS 15 Shirin 60MR 60M 60M 16 Torsh 100S 100S 100S 17 CB-74-2 40MS-S 20MS 30MS Check Afzal 80S 70S 70S
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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iii Foreword Wheat is grown on roug
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v Preface The Central and West Asia
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vii About this publication This vol
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ix 2nd Regional Yellow Rust Confere
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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4 Epidemiology of wheat yellow rust
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6 Prevalent yellow rust pathotypes
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8 Pakistan Dr Badaruddin Soomro, PA
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10 Dr Naeem Ahmad, Wheat Research I
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Yellow rust of wheat in Nepal: an o
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inoculum originating from infected
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17 Control Efforts were made to dev
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Karki, C.B. 1994. Genetics of rust
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No virulence was observed on plants
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23 Results and discussion In the tw
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Virulence to yellow rust resistance
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and Yr27, the seedling data may not
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Yield evaluations of the PBW 343- a
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variation for yellow rust resistanc
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A number of Kauz-derived cvs, e.g.
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Kisana, S.N., Mujahid, Y.M. & Musta
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37 Material and methods Wheat nurse
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Challenge of a new race of Puccinia
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41 Table 1. Response of the yellow
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43 Occurrence and importance of yel
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To better explain the differences i
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Weather data were taken from the ne
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Disease progress stopped, in genera
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Roelfs, A.P. 1985. Epidemiology in
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The wheat stripe rust pathogen over
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55 6E150A+ 4E8A+ 6E130A+ 130E2A+ 6E
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Agriculture-guided evolution of pat
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Yr SD, Yr SU and YrA was observed.
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The data presented in Table 3 show
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Kirmani, M.A.S. 1980. Comparative e
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ust infection at the CIMMYT station
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67 Table 1. Estimation of the numbe
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Resistance to stripe rust disease o
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may be from the Aegilops parent as
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McNeal, F.H., Konzak, C.F., Smith,
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Disease severity (percentage of rus
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77 Table 2. Genetic analysis of res
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Defence mechanisms against rust, an
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for the biosynthesis of a large num
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components of the signalling pathwa
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Xing, T., Wang, X.J., Malik, K. & M
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provided for final decision regardi
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spreader, cv. Morocco. The data was
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91 Table 4A. Entries included in Na
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93 Table 5A. Entries in the Nationa
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95 References Ahmad, S., Rodriguez,
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Yellow rust (YR) is one of the most
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99 Table 1. Yellow rust reaction of
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101 100 90 80 CHECKS IW IWWIP CAC E
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• To investigate the effectivenes
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105 Figure 1. Locations of yellow r
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Table 2. Terminal reaction of diffe
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Isogenic lines possessing Yr9 and Y
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Inqilab 91 at Nowshera, Swabi and M
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Selection of yellow rust-resistant
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These genotypes—depending on the
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Reaction of some international whea
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nurseries were irrigated with mist
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Name Pedigree Source 23 Tevee'S'//B
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Name Pedigree Source 71 NS732/HER S
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Name Pedigree Source 41 Gcn/4/D68-1
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127 Role of yellow rust-resistance
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genes, such as with Yr6 in cultivar
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Dubin, H.J., Johnson, R. & Stubbs,
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134 Yellow rust of wheat in Ethiopi
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136 Virulence of stripe rust on dif
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138 Turkey, Lebanon and Syria. Race
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140 Evaluation of seedling and adul
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142 of resistance not only to yello
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144 Yellow rust reaction, disease d
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146
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148 Outputs of the ten years of eva
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150 Characterization of resistance
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152 Results of testing winter wheat
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154 Dr Valentina Ibragimoval, Kyrgy
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156 Surveys of yellow rust populati
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158 nurseries. ICARDA, at its headq
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160 Table 2. Yellow rust differenti
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162 Table 4. Selected elite cultiva
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164 Table 7 shows the relative effe
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166 Table 8. Field reaction of whea
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168 Syria, Lebanon, Iran and Turkey
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170 Regional Conference on Yellow R
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172 moderate and high levels of res
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174 Umanka. The same disease reacti
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176 genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8 a
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178 Table 3. Resistance to yellow r
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180 Monitoring bread wheat genotype
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182 3000 masl. Susceptible check cv
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184 Table3. Disease severity and re
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186 with great effect, particularly
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188 Conclusion Relatively old bread
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191 Abstracts of other papers prese
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193 Global perspectives in wheat ye
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195 Yellow rust in Central and West
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197 Outputs of the ten-year evaluat
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199 Yellow rust resistance of bread
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201 Influence of weather conditions
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203 Virulent pathotypes of yellow r
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associated with a greater yielding
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een based on a single major gene or
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209 Monitoring stripe [yellow] rust
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211 Pathotype and molecular variabi
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Functional analysis of yellow rust
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215 Study on resistance reaction of
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217 Resistance of International Win
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219 Researching the influence of an
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Australian pathotypes of Puccinia s
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and cultural practices have been ad
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225 Development of a detached leaf
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227 Virulence variation of Puccinia
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intervals and also as the border of
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231 Virus-induced gene silencing in
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233 Inheritance of resistance to ye
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generated from monogenically segreg
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• slow-rusting genes: Yr9, Yr12,
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239 Meeting the Challenge of Yellow
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241 Contents List of participants i
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Resistance response of promising wh
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Constructing physical and genomic m
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Inheritance of yellow rust resistan
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249 Algeria List of participants Dr
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Tajikistan Prof. Dr Hafiz Muminjano
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Identification of effective and dur
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For each resistant genotype (Table
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257 Figure 1. AUDPC of ineffective
Page 269 and 270: 259 Figure 3. AUDPC of susceptible
Page 271 and 272: Among the wheat lines tested, 51% c
Page 273 and 274: 263 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
Page 275 and 276: wheat germplasm lines from were tes
Page 277 and 278: An analysis of the 2009 epidemic of
Page 279 and 280: Overall yield loss estimation A gen
Page 281 and 282: 271 Table 4a. Monthly mean temperat
Page 283 and 284: Further studies on Yr9 virulent pat
Page 285 and 286: evaluation, these varieties were ha
Page 287 and 288: 277 Table 1. Genotype response to p
Page 289 and 290: may result in losses of up to 70% i
Page 291 and 292: Table 1A. Wheat yellow rust scenari
Page 293 and 294: 283 Table 1C. Wheat yellow rust sce
Page 295 and 296: 285 No. Cultivar/Yr genes Yellow ru
Page 297 and 298: Roelfs, A.P., Singh. R.P. & Saari,
Page 299 and 300: 289 Materials and methods This stud
Page 301 and 302: ineffective (Yahyaoui et al., 2004)
Page 303 and 304: Combining high yield potential and
Page 305 and 306: Breeding for yellow rust-resistant
Page 307 and 308: It is evident from Table 3 that Lu2
Page 309 and 310: 299 Table 4. Rust reactions in hot-
Page 311 and 312: Evaluation of Indian wheat genotype
Page 313 and 314: components individually is quite la
Page 315 and 316: 305 Table 1. Grouping of AVT-2nd ye
Page 317 and 318: Effective and ineffective resistanc
Page 319: seedling resistance and adult plant
Page 323 and 324: New approaches in traditional resis
Page 325 and 326: (resistant × resistant); susceptib
Page 327 and 328: twice that of resistant ones. When
Page 329 and 330: nurseries from Oklahoma University
Page 331 and 332: 321 Figure 1. Map of the Republic o
Page 333 and 334: 323 % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Page 335 and 336: In comparison with the local variet
Page 337 and 338: 327 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
Page 339 and 340: Virulence and avirulence factors of
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Page 343 and 344: 333 No. Genotype Gene(s) Severity a
Page 345 and 346: An overview of results of five year
Page 347 and 348: combinations of adult plant resista
Page 349 and 350: Sources of resistance to wheat stri
Page 351 and 352: APR. A spectacular example was the
Page 353 and 354: In our breeding programme we are lo
Page 355 and 356: 345 Introduction Stripe Rust of whe
Page 357 and 358: Table 1. Adult plant infection type
Page 359 and 360: Dehghani, H., Moghadam, M.R., Ghann
Page 361 and 362: species in the region determined th
Page 363 and 364: 353 Table 4. The materials tested f
Page 365 and 366: Breeding for resistance to rust dis
Page 367 and 368: diseases, powdery mildew, sunn pest
Page 369 and 370: 359 References Dzhunusova, M., Yahy
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high yielding widely grown cultivar
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susceptible to susceptible in 2007,
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Of the yellow rust samples collecte
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367 Abstracts of other papers prese
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369 Monitoring pathogen dynamics in
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1980s. Occurrence of virulence for
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373 Race changes of Puccinia striif
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375 High-temperature, adult-plant (
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types with race Pst-3 than with Pst
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379 Investigation of genetic resist
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381 Gene sequencing reveals heterok
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383 Molecular characterization of w
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papillae, cell wall appositions and
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infection are obtained through arti
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2000 masl; Ae. cylindrica is locate
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391 Reaction of winter facultative
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393 Yellow rust in the south of Ukr
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395 Study of diverse winter wheat g
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397 Yellow rust epidemics and virul
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399 Wheat yellow rust situation in
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401 Inheritance of yellow rust resi
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infection of the pathogen for four
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Club and other susceptible wheat cv
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407 Selection of wheat cultivars fo
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conditions. In 2006 and 2008, due t
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411 Regulation of development of ye
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops - ICARDA

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