Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops - ICARDA

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164 Table 7 shows the relative effectiveness of known resistance genes to yellow rust in CWANA. Virulence on Yr1 and Yr17 has spread rapidly in Central Asia (Table 7). Virulence on Yr1 was first observed in Tajikistan in 1999, but by 2004 it was found across CWA. Virulence on Yr10 and Yr17 was observed in Yemen in 1999, while virulence on Yr18, Yr27 and Yr24 were recorded in 2002, but by 2005 these virulence types were recovered at many other locations in CWANA (Yahyaoui et al., 2004b). The resistance of Yr5 has been high at all sites over the past five years but has not yet been exploited in breeding programmes. The Yr5 resistance gene has not been exposed on a wide scale, and hence it should be used in combination with other resistance genes. These changes in virulence could have occurred by simple mutation followed by asexual propagation that helped maintain and increase the inoculum of these new pathotypes. Analysis of trap nurseries revealed that most of the commercially grown wheat varieties are highly susceptible. These varieties occupy the largest areas of cultivated wheat in the region (Table 8) Table 6. Prevalent wheat diseases and their importance in the CWANA Region Country Yellow rust Leaf rust Stem rust Wheat disease Septoria tritici Tan spot Central Asia and Caucasus Powdery mildew Common bunt Azerbaijan ••• •• • •• •• • •• •• Kazakhstan •• •• •• ••• •• • Kyrgyzstan ••• • •• •• • • • Uzbekistan ••• •• • • •• • Tajikistan ••• • •• ••• • • Nile Valley and Red Sea Egypt •• •• •• •• • Ethiopia ••• •• •• • • • Eritrea •• ••• •• •• • •• ••• Sudan •• •• •• •• Yemen ••• •• • • •• North Africa Morocco • ••• • ••• •• • • Algeria •• •• • ••• •• •• • Tunisia • ••• • ••• •• • • • West Asia Iran ••• •• •• ••• •• •• • •• Syria ••• • • •• •• • • Turkey ••• • •• • • NOTES: Values based on average incidence per zone. KEY: • = low incidence; •• = medium incidence; and ••• = high incidence} Scab
165 Table 7. Field reaction of wheat genotype with known resistance genes to yellow rust at six sites in Western and Central Asia Genotype Resistance gene(s) Testing sites (countries) and reaction to yellow rust SYR LEB TUR KYR TAJ AZE Avocet S – S S S S S S Yr1/ 6* Avocet S Yr1 R MR R S S R Chinese 166 Yr1 R R-MS R MR-S S R Yr15/ 6* Avocet S Yr15 R R S R MS R-S Yr17/ 4* Avocet S Yr17 S MR MS S S R-MS Yr5/ 6* Avocet S Yr5 R R R R MS R Triticum spelta Yr5 R R R - MS R Nord Desprez Yr3 N R MR R R MR R Clement Yr9 MS-S MS R R MR MR-MS Yr9/ 6* Avocet S Yr9 S S R R MR S Federation Yr9 S S MS-S S S S SERI 82 Yr9, Yr7 S S S - S S Avocet R YrA S S R S R S Kalyansona Yr2 S S S S S S Sonalika Yr2, YrA S S MS – S S Yr8/ 6* Avocet S Yr8 MS R R S S R-S Compare Yr8, APR R MR MR R MR R Yr18/ 3* Avocet S Yr18 MS S S S S S Jupateco R Yr18, + MS S MS S MS MS-S Anza Yr18, YrA MS-S S S MR S MS-S Jupateco S – S S MS S S S Morocco – S S S S S S NOTES: Countries are SYR = Syria, LEB = Lebanon, TUR = Turkey, KYR = Kyrgyzstan, TAJ = Tajikistan, AZE = Azerbaijan. APR = adult plant resistance. Reaction = Field reaction to yellow rust at adult growth stage over 2 years (1999–2000). The detection of yellow rust variation has traditionally relied upon the identification of physiological races in the pathogen population by inoculating a sample of pathogen isolates on a series of host differential cultivars with known resistance genes, and observing the resulting compatible or incompatible disease phenotypes. Seedling resistance is usually race-specific and can be recognized by its characteristic resistance type at all plant growth stages. Despite their limitations, studies of physiological races in cereal rusts have been tremendously valuable in the development and deployment of host resistance, and have provided important insight into the evolution of yellow rust disease in response to host resistance genes.
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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iii Foreword Wheat is grown on roug
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v Preface The Central and West Asia
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vii About this publication This vol
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ix 2nd Regional Yellow Rust Confere
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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4 Epidemiology of wheat yellow rust
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6 Prevalent yellow rust pathotypes
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8 Pakistan Dr Badaruddin Soomro, PA
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10 Dr Naeem Ahmad, Wheat Research I
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Yellow rust of wheat in Nepal: an o
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inoculum originating from infected
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17 Control Efforts were made to dev
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Karki, C.B. 1994. Genetics of rust
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No virulence was observed on plants
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23 Results and discussion In the tw
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Virulence to yellow rust resistance
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and Yr27, the seedling data may not
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Yield evaluations of the PBW 343- a
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variation for yellow rust resistanc
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A number of Kauz-derived cvs, e.g.
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Kisana, S.N., Mujahid, Y.M. & Musta
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37 Material and methods Wheat nurse
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Challenge of a new race of Puccinia
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41 Table 1. Response of the yellow
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43 Occurrence and importance of yel
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To better explain the differences i
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Weather data were taken from the ne
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Disease progress stopped, in genera
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Roelfs, A.P. 1985. Epidemiology in
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The wheat stripe rust pathogen over
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55 6E150A+ 4E8A+ 6E130A+ 130E2A+ 6E
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Agriculture-guided evolution of pat
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Yr SD, Yr SU and YrA was observed.
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The data presented in Table 3 show
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Kirmani, M.A.S. 1980. Comparative e
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ust infection at the CIMMYT station
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67 Table 1. Estimation of the numbe
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Resistance to stripe rust disease o
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may be from the Aegilops parent as
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McNeal, F.H., Konzak, C.F., Smith,
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Disease severity (percentage of rus
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77 Table 2. Genetic analysis of res
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Defence mechanisms against rust, an
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for the biosynthesis of a large num
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components of the signalling pathwa
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Xing, T., Wang, X.J., Malik, K. & M
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provided for final decision regardi
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spreader, cv. Morocco. The data was
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91 Table 4A. Entries included in Na
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93 Table 5A. Entries in the Nationa
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95 References Ahmad, S., Rodriguez,
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Yellow rust (YR) is one of the most
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99 Table 1. Yellow rust reaction of
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101 100 90 80 CHECKS IW IWWIP CAC E
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• To investigate the effectivenes
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105 Figure 1. Locations of yellow r
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Table 2. Terminal reaction of diffe
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Isogenic lines possessing Yr9 and Y
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Inqilab 91 at Nowshera, Swabi and M
Page 123 and 124: Selection of yellow rust-resistant
Page 125 and 126: These genotypes—depending on the
Page 127 and 128: Reaction of some international whea
Page 129 and 130: nurseries were irrigated with mist
Page 131 and 132: Name Pedigree Source 23 Tevee'S'//B
Page 133 and 134: Name Pedigree Source 71 NS732/HER S
Page 135 and 136: Name Pedigree Source 41 Gcn/4/D68-1
Page 137 and 138: 127 Role of yellow rust-resistance
Page 139 and 140: genes, such as with Yr6 in cultivar
Page 141: Dubin, H.J., Johnson, R. & Stubbs,
Page 144 and 145: 134 Yellow rust of wheat in Ethiopi
Page 146 and 147: 136 Virulence of stripe rust on dif
Page 148 and 149: 138 Turkey, Lebanon and Syria. Race
Page 150 and 151: 140 Evaluation of seedling and adul
Page 152 and 153: 142 of resistance not only to yello
Page 154 and 155: 144 Yellow rust reaction, disease d
Page 156 and 157: 146
Page 158 and 159: 148 Outputs of the ten years of eva
Page 160 and 161: 150 Characterization of resistance
Page 162 and 163: 152 Results of testing winter wheat
Page 164 and 165: 154 Dr Valentina Ibragimoval, Kyrgy
Page 166 and 167: 156 Surveys of yellow rust populati
Page 168 and 169: 158 nurseries. ICARDA, at its headq
Page 170 and 171: 160 Table 2. Yellow rust differenti
Page 172 and 173: 162 Table 4. Selected elite cultiva
Page 176 and 177: 166 Table 8. Field reaction of whea
Page 178 and 179: 168 Syria, Lebanon, Iran and Turkey
Page 180 and 181: 170 Regional Conference on Yellow R
Page 182 and 183: 172 moderate and high levels of res
Page 184 and 185: 174 Umanka. The same disease reacti
Page 186 and 187: 176 genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8 a
Page 188 and 189: 178 Table 3. Resistance to yellow r
Page 190 and 191: 180 Monitoring bread wheat genotype
Page 192 and 193: 182 3000 masl. Susceptible check cv
Page 194 and 195: 184 Table3. Disease severity and re
Page 196 and 197: 186 with great effect, particularly
Page 198 and 199: 188 Conclusion Relatively old bread
Page 201 and 202: 191 Abstracts of other papers prese
Page 203 and 204: 193 Global perspectives in wheat ye
Page 205 and 206: 195 Yellow rust in Central and West
Page 207 and 208: 197 Outputs of the ten-year evaluat
Page 209 and 210: 199 Yellow rust resistance of bread
Page 211 and 212: 201 Influence of weather conditions
Page 213 and 214: 203 Virulent pathotypes of yellow r
Page 215 and 216: associated with a greater yielding
Page 217 and 218: een based on a single major gene or
Page 219 and 220: 209 Monitoring stripe [yellow] rust
Page 221 and 222: 211 Pathotype and molecular variabi
Page 223 and 224: Functional analysis of yellow rust
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215 Study on resistance reaction of
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217 Resistance of International Win
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219 Researching the influence of an
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Australian pathotypes of Puccinia s
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and cultural practices have been ad
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225 Development of a detached leaf
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227 Virulence variation of Puccinia
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intervals and also as the border of
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231 Virus-induced gene silencing in
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233 Inheritance of resistance to ye
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generated from monogenically segreg
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• slow-rusting genes: Yr9, Yr12,
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239 Meeting the Challenge of Yellow
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241 Contents List of participants i
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Resistance response of promising wh
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Constructing physical and genomic m
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Inheritance of yellow rust resistan
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249 Algeria List of participants Dr
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Tajikistan Prof. Dr Hafiz Muminjano
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Identification of effective and dur
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For each resistant genotype (Table
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257 Figure 1. AUDPC of ineffective
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259 Figure 3. AUDPC of susceptible
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Among the wheat lines tested, 51% c
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263 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
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wheat germplasm lines from were tes
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An analysis of the 2009 epidemic of
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Overall yield loss estimation A gen
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271 Table 4a. Monthly mean temperat
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Further studies on Yr9 virulent pat
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evaluation, these varieties were ha
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277 Table 1. Genotype response to p
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may result in losses of up to 70% i
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Table 1A. Wheat yellow rust scenari
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283 Table 1C. Wheat yellow rust sce
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285 No. Cultivar/Yr genes Yellow ru
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Roelfs, A.P., Singh. R.P. & Saari,
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289 Materials and methods This stud
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ineffective (Yahyaoui et al., 2004)
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Combining high yield potential and
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Breeding for yellow rust-resistant
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It is evident from Table 3 that Lu2
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299 Table 4. Rust reactions in hot-
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Evaluation of Indian wheat genotype
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components individually is quite la
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305 Table 1. Grouping of AVT-2nd ye
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Effective and ineffective resistanc
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seedling resistance and adult plant
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The cultivars expressing an infecti
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New approaches in traditional resis
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(resistant × resistant); susceptib
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twice that of resistant ones. When
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nurseries from Oklahoma University
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321 Figure 1. Map of the Republic o
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323 % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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In comparison with the local variet
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327 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
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Virulence and avirulence factors of
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(Peterson, Campbell and Hannah, 194
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333 No. Genotype Gene(s) Severity a
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An overview of results of five year
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combinations of adult plant resista
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Sources of resistance to wheat stri
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APR. A spectacular example was the
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In our breeding programme we are lo
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345 Introduction Stripe Rust of whe
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Table 1. Adult plant infection type
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Dehghani, H., Moghadam, M.R., Ghann
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species in the region determined th
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353 Table 4. The materials tested f
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Breeding for resistance to rust dis
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diseases, powdery mildew, sunn pest
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359 References Dzhunusova, M., Yahy
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high yielding widely grown cultivar
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susceptible to susceptible in 2007,
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Of the yellow rust samples collecte
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367 Abstracts of other papers prese
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369 Monitoring pathogen dynamics in
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1980s. Occurrence of virulence for
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373 Race changes of Puccinia striif
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375 High-temperature, adult-plant (
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types with race Pst-3 than with Pst
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379 Investigation of genetic resist
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381 Gene sequencing reveals heterok
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383 Molecular characterization of w
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papillae, cell wall appositions and
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infection are obtained through arti
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2000 masl; Ae. cylindrica is locate
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391 Reaction of winter facultative
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393 Yellow rust in the south of Ukr
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395 Study of diverse winter wheat g
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397 Yellow rust epidemics and virul
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399 Wheat yellow rust situation in
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401 Inheritance of yellow rust resi
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infection of the pathogen for four
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Club and other susceptible wheat cv
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407 Selection of wheat cultivars fo
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conditions. In 2006 and 2008, due t
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411 Regulation of development of ye
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops - ICARDA

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