Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rust in Cereal Crops - ICARDA

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166 Table 8. Field reaction of wheat cultivars commonly grown in Central and Western Asia to yellow rust at six locations Genotype Testing sites (country) and reaction to yellow rust SYR LEB TUR KYR TAJ AZE Gerek 79 S S R MR R S Seri 82 S S R MR MR S Sardari S MS R – S S Bezostaya (S) MS S MS MS S MR Polovchanka (F) MR S R R MS – Yuna (S) S S S S S S Skiphyanka (F) S S S S S S Cham 6 (S/F) MS MS R - MS R Skifyanka S S S S MS S Opaks 26 S S S S MS S Mirbachir 80 – – S NOTES: Countries are SYR = Syria, LEB = Lebanon, TUR = Turkey, KYR = Kyrgyzstan, TAJ = Tajikistan, AZE = Azerbaijan. Reaction = Field reaction to yellow rust at adult growth stage in 1999 and 2000 seasons. Stripe rust race monitoring in CWANA has revealed that race 6E0 (virulent on Yr6 and YrA) is the most frequent race in the region, and it has been detected every year since 1972. In West Asia, race 38E150 (virulent on Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8) was the second-most frequent pathotype during the last five years (2001–2005), whereas races 134E152 (virulent on YrA, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9), 230E150 (virulent on YrA, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr9, YrSU, YrSD, Yr17, Yr18) and 119E158 (virulent on YrA, Yr1, Yr2, Yr3, Yr6, Yr7, Yr9, Yr10, Yr17) were detected in Lebanon, Iraq and Yemen, respectively. Thus, a wide range of virulent races is evolving in this region, causing the breakdown of stripe rust resistance in wheat (Johnson et al., 2002; Yahyaoui et al., 2002; Wellings et al., 2000). Single-uredinial isolates of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst) randomly sampled from some countries in CWA as well as in the NVRS region were characterized for physiological races at ICARDA, Iran (SPII), Pakistan (PARC) and Egypt (ARC). A total of 95 physiological races were identified (Table 9).
167 Table 9. Yellow rust pathotypes (races) identified or reported in the period 1999–2004 Country Race or pathotype Number of races Azerbaijan 2E0A+; 6E2A; 6E6A+; 22E6A+; 70E6A+; 14E142A+ 10 Uzbekistan 6E6A+; 22E6A+; 14E134A+; 14E134A+; 102E134; l38E134A+ 8 Nepal 4E0; 4E16; 7E150; 7E158 ? Pakistan 70E0 ; 70E16 ? Egypt 242E100; 458E45; 123E65; 450E109; 456E45 25 Ethiopia 6E16; 198E158; 206158 8+ Yemen 4E148; 38E130; 70E134; 119E158 20 Lebanon 38E22; 6E134; 38E134; 172E146; 182E150; 198E150 40 Iran 0E0; 2E14; 4E32; 34E4; 166E142; 134E134; 134E166 31 Syria 0E0; 6E20; 6E134; 134E134; 230E134; 134E150; 230E150; 19E158 85 Turkey 0E0, 7E150 ? Pst physiological races identified differed in their occurrence within wheat growing areas in the CWA and NVRS regions. With the World differential set, the resistance genes YrSU in Suwon 92×Omar and Yr9+ in Clement allowed clear discrimination between the races in Syria. Virulence to these genes occurred in 1999. In the case of the European differential cultivars, virulence for the resistance genes Yr7+, Yr6+, Yr2+ and Yr8, and avirulence for Yr4+, YrCV. and YrSP, have also been observed since 1994.The World differential set did not allow complete distinction between some races (6E0, 6E18, 6E134, 6E148, 6E150) whereas European differentials showed differential reactions for Yr7+, Yr6+ and Yr8 resistance genes. Thus, the combined use of both differentials allows better discrimination between Pst isolates. Significant changes in race composition were identified using the World and European differential sets. Changes in physiological race compositions of Pst have revealed some interesting trends in CWANA (Johnson et al., 2002; Yahyaoui et al., 2002; Yahyaoui and El-Naimi, 2003). Table 9 shows the physiological races identified in the region so far by ICARDA and NARS collaborators in Iran, Pakistan and Egypt. In CWANA, race 166E150 is one of the most virulent races identified and could be among the Pst races that contributed to the yellow rust epidemics in this region. Race 166E150 combined virulence to the resistance genes Yr9+, Yr8 and YrA that were deployed in many bread wheat varieties in the early 1980s. This race shows a broad virulence spectrum, and was found in Syria only in 1996, but has been recovered during the last four consecutive years in Lebanon. Virulence on the YrSU resistance gene was first recorded in Lebanon in 1999. Physiological race 6E0 was first observed in the region in 1972 and has been recovered in Syria every year since. This race is virulent to the Yr6 gene that frequently occurs in both winter and spring wheats (McIntosh, Wellings and Park, 1995), both of which are cultivated extensively in the highlands of
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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iii Foreword Wheat is grown on roug
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v Preface The Central and West Asia
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vii About this publication This vol
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ix 2nd Regional Yellow Rust Confere
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Meeting the Challenge of Yellow Rus
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4 Epidemiology of wheat yellow rust
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6 Prevalent yellow rust pathotypes
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8 Pakistan Dr Badaruddin Soomro, PA
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10 Dr Naeem Ahmad, Wheat Research I
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Yellow rust of wheat in Nepal: an o
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inoculum originating from infected
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17 Control Efforts were made to dev
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Karki, C.B. 1994. Genetics of rust
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No virulence was observed on plants
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23 Results and discussion In the tw
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Virulence to yellow rust resistance
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and Yr27, the seedling data may not
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Yield evaluations of the PBW 343- a
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variation for yellow rust resistanc
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A number of Kauz-derived cvs, e.g.
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Kisana, S.N., Mujahid, Y.M. & Musta
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37 Material and methods Wheat nurse
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Challenge of a new race of Puccinia
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41 Table 1. Response of the yellow
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43 Occurrence and importance of yel
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To better explain the differences i
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Weather data were taken from the ne
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Disease progress stopped, in genera
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Roelfs, A.P. 1985. Epidemiology in
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The wheat stripe rust pathogen over
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55 6E150A+ 4E8A+ 6E130A+ 130E2A+ 6E
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Agriculture-guided evolution of pat
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Yr SD, Yr SU and YrA was observed.
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The data presented in Table 3 show
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Kirmani, M.A.S. 1980. Comparative e
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ust infection at the CIMMYT station
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67 Table 1. Estimation of the numbe
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Resistance to stripe rust disease o
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may be from the Aegilops parent as
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McNeal, F.H., Konzak, C.F., Smith,
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Disease severity (percentage of rus
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77 Table 2. Genetic analysis of res
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Defence mechanisms against rust, an
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for the biosynthesis of a large num
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components of the signalling pathwa
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Xing, T., Wang, X.J., Malik, K. & M
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provided for final decision regardi
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spreader, cv. Morocco. The data was
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91 Table 4A. Entries included in Na
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93 Table 5A. Entries in the Nationa
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95 References Ahmad, S., Rodriguez,
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Yellow rust (YR) is one of the most
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99 Table 1. Yellow rust reaction of
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101 100 90 80 CHECKS IW IWWIP CAC E
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• To investigate the effectivenes
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105 Figure 1. Locations of yellow r
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Table 2. Terminal reaction of diffe
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Isogenic lines possessing Yr9 and Y
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Inqilab 91 at Nowshera, Swabi and M
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Selection of yellow rust-resistant
Page 125 and 126: These genotypes—depending on the
Page 127 and 128: Reaction of some international whea
Page 129 and 130: nurseries were irrigated with mist
Page 131 and 132: Name Pedigree Source 23 Tevee'S'//B
Page 133 and 134: Name Pedigree Source 71 NS732/HER S
Page 135 and 136: Name Pedigree Source 41 Gcn/4/D68-1
Page 137 and 138: 127 Role of yellow rust-resistance
Page 139 and 140: genes, such as with Yr6 in cultivar
Page 141: Dubin, H.J., Johnson, R. & Stubbs,
Page 144 and 145: 134 Yellow rust of wheat in Ethiopi
Page 146 and 147: 136 Virulence of stripe rust on dif
Page 148 and 149: 138 Turkey, Lebanon and Syria. Race
Page 150 and 151: 140 Evaluation of seedling and adul
Page 152 and 153: 142 of resistance not only to yello
Page 154 and 155: 144 Yellow rust reaction, disease d
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Page 158 and 159: 148 Outputs of the ten years of eva
Page 160 and 161: 150 Characterization of resistance
Page 162 and 163: 152 Results of testing winter wheat
Page 164 and 165: 154 Dr Valentina Ibragimoval, Kyrgy
Page 166 and 167: 156 Surveys of yellow rust populati
Page 168 and 169: 158 nurseries. ICARDA, at its headq
Page 170 and 171: 160 Table 2. Yellow rust differenti
Page 172 and 173: 162 Table 4. Selected elite cultiva
Page 174 and 175: 164 Table 7 shows the relative effe
Page 178 and 179: 168 Syria, Lebanon, Iran and Turkey
Page 180 and 181: 170 Regional Conference on Yellow R
Page 182 and 183: 172 moderate and high levels of res
Page 184 and 185: 174 Umanka. The same disease reacti
Page 186 and 187: 176 genes Yr1, Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8 a
Page 188 and 189: 178 Table 3. Resistance to yellow r
Page 190 and 191: 180 Monitoring bread wheat genotype
Page 192 and 193: 182 3000 masl. Susceptible check cv
Page 194 and 195: 184 Table3. Disease severity and re
Page 196 and 197: 186 with great effect, particularly
Page 198 and 199: 188 Conclusion Relatively old bread
Page 201 and 202: 191 Abstracts of other papers prese
Page 203 and 204: 193 Global perspectives in wheat ye
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Page 207 and 208: 197 Outputs of the ten-year evaluat
Page 209 and 210: 199 Yellow rust resistance of bread
Page 211 and 212: 201 Influence of weather conditions
Page 213 and 214: 203 Virulent pathotypes of yellow r
Page 215 and 216: associated with a greater yielding
Page 217 and 218: een based on a single major gene or
Page 219 and 220: 209 Monitoring stripe [yellow] rust
Page 221 and 222: 211 Pathotype and molecular variabi
Page 223 and 224: Functional analysis of yellow rust
Page 225 and 226: 215 Study on resistance reaction of
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217 Resistance of International Win
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219 Researching the influence of an
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Australian pathotypes of Puccinia s
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and cultural practices have been ad
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225 Development of a detached leaf
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227 Virulence variation of Puccinia
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intervals and also as the border of
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231 Virus-induced gene silencing in
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233 Inheritance of resistance to ye
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generated from monogenically segreg
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• slow-rusting genes: Yr9, Yr12,
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239 Meeting the Challenge of Yellow
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241 Contents List of participants i
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Resistance response of promising wh
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Constructing physical and genomic m
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Inheritance of yellow rust resistan
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249 Algeria List of participants Dr
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Tajikistan Prof. Dr Hafiz Muminjano
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Identification of effective and dur
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For each resistant genotype (Table
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257 Figure 1. AUDPC of ineffective
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259 Figure 3. AUDPC of susceptible
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Among the wheat lines tested, 51% c
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263 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
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wheat germplasm lines from were tes
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An analysis of the 2009 epidemic of
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Overall yield loss estimation A gen
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271 Table 4a. Monthly mean temperat
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Further studies on Yr9 virulent pat
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evaluation, these varieties were ha
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277 Table 1. Genotype response to p
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may result in losses of up to 70% i
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Table 1A. Wheat yellow rust scenari
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283 Table 1C. Wheat yellow rust sce
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285 No. Cultivar/Yr genes Yellow ru
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Roelfs, A.P., Singh. R.P. & Saari,
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289 Materials and methods This stud
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ineffective (Yahyaoui et al., 2004)
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Combining high yield potential and
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Breeding for yellow rust-resistant
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It is evident from Table 3 that Lu2
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299 Table 4. Rust reactions in hot-
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Evaluation of Indian wheat genotype
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components individually is quite la
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305 Table 1. Grouping of AVT-2nd ye
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Effective and ineffective resistanc
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seedling resistance and adult plant
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The cultivars expressing an infecti
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New approaches in traditional resis
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(resistant × resistant); susceptib
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twice that of resistant ones. When
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nurseries from Oklahoma University
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321 Figure 1. Map of the Republic o
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323 % 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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In comparison with the local variet
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327 Introduction Wheat (Triticum ae
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Virulence and avirulence factors of
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(Peterson, Campbell and Hannah, 194
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333 No. Genotype Gene(s) Severity a
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An overview of results of five year
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combinations of adult plant resista
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Sources of resistance to wheat stri
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APR. A spectacular example was the
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In our breeding programme we are lo
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345 Introduction Stripe Rust of whe
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Table 1. Adult plant infection type
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Dehghani, H., Moghadam, M.R., Ghann
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species in the region determined th
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353 Table 4. The materials tested f
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Breeding for resistance to rust dis
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diseases, powdery mildew, sunn pest
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359 References Dzhunusova, M., Yahy
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high yielding widely grown cultivar
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susceptible to susceptible in 2007,
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Of the yellow rust samples collecte
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367 Abstracts of other papers prese
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369 Monitoring pathogen dynamics in
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1980s. Occurrence of virulence for
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373 Race changes of Puccinia striif
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375 High-temperature, adult-plant (
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types with race Pst-3 than with Pst
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379 Investigation of genetic resist
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381 Gene sequencing reveals heterok
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383 Molecular characterization of w
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papillae, cell wall appositions and
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infection are obtained through arti
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2000 masl; Ae. cylindrica is locate
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391 Reaction of winter facultative
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393 Yellow rust in the south of Ukr
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395 Study of diverse winter wheat g
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397 Yellow rust epidemics and virul
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399 Wheat yellow rust situation in
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401 Inheritance of yellow rust resi
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infection of the pathogen for four
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Club and other susceptible wheat cv
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407 Selection of wheat cultivars fo
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conditions. In 2006 and 2008, due t
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411 Regulation of development of ye
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