health and safety plan solid waste management unit assessment

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FUEL OILS 66-31
66.4 SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS
Determination of the presence of fuel oils in soil and water
requires collection of a representative field sample and laboratory
analysis for the specific major components attributed to fuel oil;
however, the relative concentrations of the constituents, and even the
constituents themselves, will vary with time and distance from the site
of initial contamination due to weathering. The major component
categories in fuel oil have been identified as the following:
n-alkanes
branched alkanes
benzene and alkylbenzenes
naphthalenes
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
A combination of capillary column gas chromatography (GC) and gas
chromatography/mass spectrometry (CC/MS) techniques may be used to
identify the principal components in fuel oils. Fuel samples, and
probably any samples collected in the field which are primarily organic
in nature, may require the separation (prior to GC or GC/W analysis)
of the aliphatic; monoaromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
fractions using liquid solid column chromatography: the various column
eluates, with or without dilution in carbon disulfide, can then be
analyzed by GC or GC/MS techniques. Aqueous samples need to be
liquid-liquid extracted with an appropriate solvent (i.e.,
trichlorotrifluoroethane) prior to analysis; solid samples would be
extracted with trichlorotrifluoroethane using soxhlet extraction or
sonication methods (1422). An aliquot of the sample extract, with or
without concentration, is then analyzed by GC or GCYMS. Sampling and
analysis considerations for some specific components in fuel oil, i.e.,
benzene, toluene, xylenes, ethyl benzene 'and naphthalene, have been
addressed in Volume 1.
Alternatively, the "oil and grease" content can be measured. This
determination would not be the.measurement of an absolute quantity of a
specific component, but rather the quantitative determination of groups
of components with similar physical characteristics (i.e., common
solubility in trichlorotrifluoroethane). The "oil and grease" content
iS defined as any material recovered from extraction with
trichlorotrifluoroethane and measured gravimetrfcally; extraction
methods are those described above for aqueous and soil samples.
A detection limit for fuel oils was not determined; the detection
limit for specific components is expected to be in the range of rg/L
for aqueous samples and &g for non-aqueous samples.
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